中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)教案資料

1、中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考精品文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系管理員刪除中考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)（一）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞概說(shuō).情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是“輔助性”動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所 表示的情態(tài)有：請(qǐng)求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，且后面只跟動(dòng)詞原形。如：她會(huì)唱英文歌曲。She cans sing an English song. F）She can sings an English song. F）She can sing an English song. （T）.有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)與其原形相同，有些與原形不同。

2、（1）與原形相同的有：must - must ought to - ought to（2）與原形不同的有：can - could will - wouldmay - might shall - shouldneed needed dare dared have to had to（二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的種類：（見下表）原形過(guò)去式詞義cancould能maymight可以（或許）mustmust(had to)必須（不得不）willwouldMmshallshould應(yīng)該needneeded需要daredared敢于(三)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式：cannot - can t could not- could

3、n t may notmayn tmight not- mightn t must no- mustn twill not- won twould not - wouldn t need no- needn t shall no shan t should not - shouldn t ought not oughtn t dare not daren t(四)常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：1. can 與 could. can(1)表示體力或腦力方面的“能力”，也能表示根據(jù)客觀條件能做某事的“能力”。He can drive.Can you jump as far as he did?I can t

4、 catch up with Jim.can與be able to二者都表示“能夠”，區(qū)別是：can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去式，而be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。如：I ll be able to speak French in half a year.He hasn een able to finish it on time.(2)表不允許：You can go now.Can I use your bike?(3)表示推測(cè)：Who can it be?It can t be true.can表示猜測(cè)或懷疑只用于疑問(wèn)句及否定句中。. couldcan的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有能力及過(guò)去的可能性。He

5、couldn t climb up the mountain.The news could be true.(2)表示客氣地請(qǐng)求或委婉地陳述意見。Could you go skating with me tomorrow?I m afraid I couldn t give you an answer tonight.(3)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度How could he say that?He couldn t be in Beijing.may 與 might. may(1)表示請(qǐng)求、許可、可以May I use your dictionary?Yes, please/certainl

6、y.May I come in?(2)表示推測(cè)說(shuō)話人的猜測(cè)，認(rèn)為某一事情“或許”或“可能”發(fā)生It may rain this afternoon.I may leave for Hangzhou next week.may用于感嘆句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。May you do well!May you have a good time!. might(1)用作may的過(guò)去式。We didn t know that he might be our new teacher.The accident might happen the day before yesterday.may更(2)替代may

7、來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，主要于推測(cè)(但其可能性比低)。I m afraid it might snow tomorrow.You might meet him at the conference.The movie might have finished now.(3)委婉地表示請(qǐng)求(不是過(guò)去式)。Might I ask you a question?Might you go there with me?must.表示義務(wù)，命令或必要。Soldiers must obey orders.We must be strict with ourselves.表示肯定的推測(cè)：一定He must be a

8、t home.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的猜測(cè))I think you must have made a mistake.(對(duì)過(guò)去的猜測(cè))He must be our new teacher.He can t be our new teacher.(3)此外還要弄清楚 must與have to的區(qū)別will 與 would. will(1)表示意愿、決心。此時(shí)可用于各種人稱。He wont come to see you#不愿來(lái)見你。(表示意愿)I will try my best to catch up with her.我將盡最大努力趕上她。(表示決心)(2)表示請(qǐng)求，此時(shí)僅限于“will you (ple

9、ase)？”句型中，僅用于第二人稱和疑問(wèn)句中。W川 you please buy me an English-Chinese dictionary when you go to the bookstore?W川 you have some rice?. wouldwill的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去的意愿和決心。He said he would do everything for her, but she said she would never see him again.They believed that we would help them.(2)用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示委婉地提出請(qǐng)求，建議或看法。此時(shí)

10、 would的用法比will更加委婉。Would you please show me the way to the museum?I would like to say something about it.will和would用于“勸某人接受”時(shí)，只能用some,不能用any。如：Would you like some fish?吃點(diǎn)魚好嗎？shall 與 should. shall征求對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求，用于第一、三人稱。表示“要不要？ ”、”好嗎?Shall I open the window?Shall the doctor come?. should(1) should意思是“應(yīng)該”，

11、表示勸告或建議(=ought to)You should wash your hands before dinner.We should help each other.(2)用來(lái)表示可能性或猜測(cè)。He should be in the office now.I should be right.should有時(shí)能表示說(shuō)話人的情感等。It s funny that they should be confident.(表示輕視)Why should I do that for you?(表示不滿)should后接動(dòng)詞不定式(不加to)時(shí)，若用于肯定句，表示某件事本應(yīng)該完成卻未完成；若用于否定句，則

12、表示某事不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。You should have told us the truth.(應(yīng)該告訴卻沒(méi)有)He should have known the importance of i的該知道去 不知道)We shouldnt have left so early.(不應(yīng)該早出來(lái)，可已經(jīng)做了)needneed意思是“需要，必須”，主要用于否定句和關(guān)系問(wèn)句中。You needn t come so early.Need I take part in the Party?need引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答時(shí)多用 must,否定回答時(shí)用neednt。Need he come?Yes, he mu

13、st.No, he needn t.need后接名詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示“需要”某件事物，此時(shí)用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，與一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法完全一樣。如：We need three apples.He doesn ne ed so many books.oughtought只有一種形式，后面常與to連用，意思是“應(yīng)該”。You ought to visit us often.Sorry, I ought to leave now.在表示“應(yīng)該”時(shí),ought to的語(yǔ)氣比should要強(qiáng)，比must稍弱。daredare意思是“敢”，用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)，后接加to的動(dòng)詞不定式。The boy dared to c

14、limb up the tree.She should dare to question her teacher.dare用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，與大多數(shù)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。Dont dare do that again!The poor girl dare not go home.had betterYou had better see a doctor.You had better not leave now.Had I better wait for her?used to do / be used to doing / be used to doused to d

15、o表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去，只用于過(guò)去，注意用 to do,不用doing形式；而be used to doing意為 習(xí)慣做”，be可有各種時(shí)態(tài)；be used to do意為被使用去做，”為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。My father used to eating meat.She is used to eating meat.He wasn tsed to eating in a restaurant.Knives are used to cut things.(五)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句由cars may、must構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句(1)句式：Can/ May/ Must + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形+

16、.?如：Can you repair thecar? Could he be a good student? May I borrow your ruler?Must we clean the room now?(2)對(duì)may引出的問(wèn)句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes, of course. Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn No, you can t.(3)對(duì) must引出的疑問(wèn)句，回答為： Yes,must.No,needn t/ don t have to.will , would , shall 的用法(1) will在一般疑問(wèn)句中表示客氣的 請(qǐng)求、勸說(shuō)。

17、would是will的過(guò)去式，語(yǔ)氣更力口客氣、委婉。 Would you show me your picture book? W川 you please give me a call?(2)對(duì) will/ would you的回答方式有以下幾種： Yes, I will. (No, Iwon t.)Sure .(I m sorryl ,can t.)All righCertainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.(3) shall引出的疑問(wèn)句用于第一人稱，表示征求對(duì)方意見或客氣的請(qǐng)求。其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please. All right. No

18、, thank you.(六)不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定意義也不同(1) can坨譯為 不會(huì)，如：I can t play basketbOB不會(huì)打籃球。(2)當(dāng)句子表推測(cè)時(shí)，用 can表達(dá)不可能，He can t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. (3) can還可用來(lái)回答 “ May I這樣的問(wèn)句。May I come in ?No, youmustn t. / can (4) t.can還可用于固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中。 She can t help crying.may 的否定式為 may not , 譯成 可能不 ， He may not be at home.(

19、1) mustn表示不許， 不可。He mustn t leave his room.mustn也可用于以may表示要求時(shí)的否定回答中。May I standhere?No, you mustn t(can t).(1) needn意為 必。You needn t meet him unless you d like to.needn t + have+詞的過(guò)去分詞，表不需要完成但已完成的動(dòng)作，暗含時(shí)間或精力上的浪費(fèi)。You needn t have bought it.shouldn 表不應(yīng)該 You shouldn t feel so unhappy over such little th

20、ings.(七)易混淆點(diǎn)易混點(diǎn)一 can和 be able to兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同，但can只有原形“can和過(guò)去式“could兩種形式，在其他時(shí)態(tài)中 要用be able to來(lái)表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過(guò)努力，花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某事。Jim can t speak EnglishHe could speak Englishat 5. We ll be able to see him next weekHe has been able to drive. I msure you ll be able to finish it quickly. We were able

21、 to reach the top of the mountain at noon.易混點(diǎn)二 can和maycan和may均可用來(lái)征求意見或許可，意為何以“，一般可互換can和may表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別：1）在肯定句中用 might, may, must, 不用can2）在疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)用 can,不用might, may, must3）在否定句中用 can，不可能），不用 may, must。That can t be true.易混點(diǎn)三 may be和 maybe用法區(qū)別 常用位置may be may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be為動(dòng)詞原形，句中作謂語(yǔ)maybe副詞，大概、也許，相當(dāng)于 perhaps位

22、于句首，作狀語(yǔ)He may be wrong , but I m not sure.易混點(diǎn)四 can和 mustn t.can根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為：（1）不會(huì)，I can t speak English .（2）不能， We can t do it now because it s too）dark可能， The man can t be ourteacher because he is much younger than our teacher.mustn意為禁止、不許”，用來(lái)表達(dá)命令，表示強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)氣。Youmustn t play footbain the street. It s too

23、 dangerous.易混點(diǎn)五 must和 have tomust側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要，還可以在間接引語(yǔ)中表示過(guò)去的必要或業(yè)務(wù)，have to側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí) I knowI must study hard.My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.易混點(diǎn)六 need, dare的兩種用法need , dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是，多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中，后接動(dòng)詞原形。You needn t explain it to me .Dare you say that a

24、gain在肯定句中，它們后邊多接動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。Tom needs to fetch the bool for me .Mary dared to go across the street by herself.易混點(diǎn) 七 used to do / be used to doing / be used to doused to do表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作而be used to doing意為 現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣做 ”，be可有各種時(shí)態(tài);be used to do意為被使用去做，”為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。My father used to eating meat.She is used to eati

25、ng meat.He wasn t used to eating in a restaurant.Knives are used to cut things.練習(xí)檢測(cè)Nobody do it. Let me.A. can, try B. can t, to try C. can, to try D. can t, tryingyou like bananas to eat? ”“ Yes, please. ”A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some“ Can you answer this question in Englis

26、h?”“ Sorry, I.A. needn t B. may not C. can t D. mustn tI borrow your dictionary? ”“ Certainly, here you are.A. Must B. May C. Need D. ShallI see the words on the blackboard.you write a bit clearly?A. mustn t, Can B. don t, will C. can t, Can D. needn t, CouldIt s a sunny day today. You take a rainco

27、at with you.A. can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. canI ve looked for my pen everywhere, but I d ftnA. couldn t B. can t C. mustn t D. didn “I speak to Ann? ”“ Speaking. ”A. Must B. May C. Need D. ShallShall we go to the zoo tomorrow?A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shallC. Yes, you will D. All rightMr. John, we must hand in our homework today,?No, you. But you must bring it t