2022年《美國文史及選讀》考試題型及復習要點

1、學習好資料 歡迎下載 2022 年英語雙學位 期末考試題型及分值： 美國文學史及選讀期末考試題型及復習要點 1作家,作品配對題（ 10*1 分 = 10 分） 2作品選讀題（填空題,簡答題 5*5 分 = 25 分） 3. 文學術語,文學人物說明題（ 4*5 分 = 20 分） 4. 論述題（ 3*15 分 = 45 分） 認真閱讀教材的中文版的序言 熟識教材中以下復習要點中各位作家的選文 Benjamin Franklin: . Remember Benjamin Franklin as inventor, statesman and writer. . Remember him as fa

2、ther of the United States . . Writing features The Autobiography : It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision. The narrative is lucid, the structure is simple, the imagery is homely. . 本杰明富蘭克林： 本杰明富蘭克林是創(chuàng). 造家,政治家和作家； 他是“美國之父”； .寫作特點 自傳：這是清教徒的簡潔,直接和簡潔的方式；敘事清晰,結構簡潔, 意象淳樸； Edgar

3、Allan Poe Remember Poe as father of modern short story and father of detective story. Remember his important works. Remember his critical works: The Poetic Principle and The Philosophy of Composition. Be able to list some of his famous short stories and some of his famous poems such asThe Raven, Ann

4、abel Lee, To Helen. . Tell the story The Cask of Amontillado in your own words. What is the theme of this short story. Be familiar with his poem To Helen. 埃德加愛倫坡 Poe 是現(xiàn)代短篇小說之父和偵探小說之父； 他的重要著作； 他的批判作品：詩歌原就和寫作哲學； 能夠列出一些他著名的短篇小說和一些著名的詩歌,如烏鴉, Annabel Lee, 海倫等； .表達一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的話； 這個短篇小說的主題是什么？ 對海倫熟識他的詩； Ral

5、ph Waldo EmersonKnow something about transcendentalism. Remember Emerson as the leader of this philosophy: Transcendentalismrefers to a kind of attitude that believes in the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the sense

6、s.Major concepts第 1 頁,共 6 頁學習好資料 歡迎下載 1 Power of intuition. 2 Spirit first, matter second. 3 Nature as symbolic of spirit or God. 4 Individual as the most important element in society/ self-reliant 5 Religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “ oversoul ” 6 C

7、ommerce as degrading/ pay less attention to the material world The “ ove-rsoul ”as called by Emerson was an all -pervading unitary spiritual power of goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent, from which all things came and of which everyone was a part. Generally, the over-soul referred to spirit of God

8、as the most important thing in the universe. EmersonNs atureiscalled manifesto of transcendentalism . The American Scholar 1837 is regarded as “ America Ssecond Declaration of Independence / Declaration of Intellectual Cultural Independence ” Be familiar with the essay -relianSceelf . 拉爾夫瓦爾多愛默生 .知道一

9、些關于超驗主義； 記得愛默生作為這一哲學的領導： 超驗主義指的是一種態(tài) 度,信任人的直覺熟識真理的才能的識別,或實現(xiàn)學問超越感官；主要概念 .1）直覺的力氣； 2） .精神第一,物質二； .3）自然象征精神或上帝； .4）個體在社會 /獨立的最重要的元素 .5）宗教作為一種情感溝通個人靈魂和宇宙的“超靈” 6）商務 .降級 /較少關注物質世界 .“終止”艾默生稱作是一種無孔不入的整體精神力氣的和善的靈魂,無所不在,無 所不能,這一切來的都是一部分；一般來說,過度的靈魂提到上帝的靈魂是宇宙中 最重要的東西； .愛默生的自然是被稱為“超驗主義”宣言； .美國學者（ 1837）被譽為“美國的其次次申

10、報學問 .熟識文章“自力更生”； Henry David Thoreau RememberThoreaumasterpiece.Tell the main contents of Walden in your own words. 亨利戴維梭羅 Nathaniel Hawthorne Introduce The Scarlet Letter in your own words. The influence of Puritanism on The Scarlet Letter. Analyze the main characters. /獨立宣言（文化）獨立” Tell the symboli

11、c meanings of the letter A. List Hawthorne ajosrmworks. 納撒尼爾霍桑 第 2 頁,共 6 頁學習好資料 歡迎下載 A 的象征意義”； Herman MelvilleBe able to list Melville s major works. Be able to retell the story of Moby Dick in your own words. Be able to analyze the character Captain Ahab. Be able to tell the symbolic meanings of Mo

12、by Dick, the ship Pequod and the coffin: the White Whale can be read as an allegorical representation of an unknowable God or the mysterious force of nature; the Pequod is a symbol of doom/death; Queequegs coffin alternately symbolizes life and death. The influence of Puritanism on Moby Dick. 赫爾曼梅爾維

13、爾 Melville 的主要作品； Moby Dick 的故事； Ahab 船長； Moby Dick 的象征意義,船和棺材：白鯨可以解讀為一個不行知的上 帝或大自然的奇妙力氣的一種象征；是厄運和死亡的象征； Queequeg 的靈柩交替 象征著生命和死亡； Moby Dick 的影響； Walt Whitman. Remember Whitman s most important work. . What is free verse. A kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular metre: the length of its

14、lines is irregular, as is its use of rhyme if any. Instead of regular metrical pattern it uses more flexible cadences or rhythmic groupings, sometimes supported by anaphora and other devices of repetition. Now the most widely practiced verse form in English, it has precedents in translations of the

15、biblical Psalms and in some poems of Blake and Goethe, but established itself only in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries with Walt Whitman. Be familiar with the poem O Captain , My Captain and know its main idea. . 沃爾特懷特曼 . .記住懷特曼最重要的工作； . 自由詩是什么？一種不符合任何格律的詩：它的線條長度不規(guī)章,如用韻；而不是 常規(guī)的格律接受更靈敏的節(jié)奏或韻律的

16、分組,以照管和重復其他設備有時支持；現(xiàn) 在是英語中使用最廣的詩歌形式,它在圣經圣歌和布萊克和歌德的一些詩歌中有先 例,但只有在第十九世紀末和其次十世紀,沃爾特惠特曼才建立起自己； 熟識. 船長的詩,我的船長,知道它的主要思想； Emily Dickinson Be familiar with her three poems in the textbook and their themes. Know something about Dickinson s poetic features: A. Her poems have no titles, hence the first line of

17、each poem is always quoted as the title of each poem. B: particular stress pattern: dash ” “ C: Capital letters as a means of emphasis; 第 3 頁,共 6 頁學習好資料 歡迎下載 D: Language: brief, direct, and plain; E: Poem: short, always on original images or symbolsF: Conventional meters, iambic tetrameter, off-rhym

18、es. G: Short poetic lines, condensed by using intense metaphors and by extensive use of ellipsis. 狄金森 用作為每首詩的題目； B：特殊應力模式：短跑“ -” C：大寫表示強調； D ：語言：簡潔,直接,淳樸的； E：詩：短,總是對原始圖像或符號 F：常規(guī)米,四音步抑揚格,無韻； G：短的詩句,用猛烈的隱喻和省略大量使用濃縮； Mark TwainWhat was Mark Twaintsruename.Samuel Langhorne Clemens What does his pen name

19、 mean. What book of his is thought to be the best one about which Hemingway said “ Allmodern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain. What is his first real novel. What is its sequel. Name three of his other works. Retell the short story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.

20、 What do you know about Mark Twain s Style. .Vernacular Language: Mark Twain wrote in his unpretentious, colloquial, and poetic style. He used vernacular language. The directness of the language is a very influential point in Twain s style. . Local Color: Twain depicted social life through descripti

21、ons of local places and people he knew best and believed that “ the most valuable capital, or culture, or education usable in .the building of novels is personal experience. ” a cracker-barrel Cracker-barrel Philosopher: Twain adopted the moral stance of philosopher. This term is often used to mean

22、someone who understands folk wisdom, has a pretty good common sense of view of life, and is pretty realistic about social problems.Twain was that kind of a person. Stephen CraneThe definition of American Naturalism.Remember Stephen Crane s important works. Be familiar with The Open Boat and know the

23、 themes of the short story. F. Scott Fitzgerald. Remember Fitzgerald as the spokesman of the Jazz Age and his major works. . Be able to introduce The Great Gatsby and make comments about Gatsby. William Faulkner. Remember some of Faulkner s famous works. . Know something about his writing features:

24、a. complex plot 第 4 頁,共 6 頁.學習好資料 歡迎下載 b. stream of consciousness . c. characterization: he was able to probe into the psychology of characters . d. violation of chronology . e. courtroom rhetoric: formal language . f. multiple points of view, circular form . Be familiar with Barn Burning and know t

25、he conflict in it. Ernest Hemingway. Remember him as the spokesman of the Lost Generation. . Memorize Hemingways major works. . Know the theme of the short story A Clean, Well-Lighted Place: The theme of Nada /nothingness is the keynote of the whole story. Nada means hopelessness, aimlessness andmea

26、ninglessness of life. Nearly all the characters live in Nada. Faced with “ nothing in the modern society now and then, man should seek light and order to establish dignity inlife. . Hemingways Icebergprinciple:Hissentencesonlygiveonesmallbit of the meaning.The rest is implied. One must go very deep

27、beneath the surface to understand the fullmeaning of his writing. Certainly, there are moments when the reader feels the suggestionof vast meaning beneath Hemingways few, spare words. . Hemingways CodeHero:. The “Hemingway Code”of manhood does not involve mere physical strength, sexualpotency, or ab

28、ility to accumulate or spend wealth. . According to this code, a man is defined by will, pride, and endurance: the endurance to accept pain, even loss-when the loss cannot be avoided; the pride of knowing that one hasdone one s besti,thwthe courage to act truly according to ones own nature; and the

29、willto face defeat or victory without whining on one hand or boasting on the other. Ezra Pound.Remember Ezra Pounds most important work The Cantos. “th（inngo”fuss, .Be familiar with In a Station of the Metro and know the images in it. .Remember the three Imagist poetic principles: direct treatment of the frill,orornament）, exclusion of superfluouswords（pr