人教版(新教材)高中英語(yǔ)選修4Unit2 Iconic Attractions學(xué)案1：Grammar

1、Grammar情境探究Have you noticed the fallen leaves on the ground?Have you noticed the fallen leaves on the ground?Yes, the ground is dotted with leaves,like a colorful design made by nature.觀察上面句子，并說(shuō)出畫(huà)線局部的作用fallenmade by nature要義詳析過(guò)去分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式之一。過(guò)去分詞保存著動(dòng)詞的局部特性，有完成或被動(dòng)含義, 可帶狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。在句法功能上，過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))與形容詞或副

2、詞作用類(lèi)似，在 句子中可充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被動(dòng)和完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)不表 示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。(1)表示被動(dòng)和完成a polluted river 一條被污染的河流the watered flowers 澆過(guò)水的花(2)只表不完成，不表不被動(dòng)fallen leaves 落葉the risen sun升起的太陽(yáng)K名師點(diǎn)津I過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在所修飾詞的前面；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放 在后面，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。*A watched pot never boils. K諺語(yǔ)U 心

3、急鍋不開(kāi)。*The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那個(gè)學(xué)生是我女兒。K即學(xué)活用U語(yǔ)法填空Some of the people(invite) to the party cant come.The trees(blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.The police will come soon to take away the(damage) car.二、過(guò)去分

4、詞作表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞(如be, get, become/ook, feel, seem等)之后，多表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或狀況，它所 表達(dá)的是形容詞的特性。She looks disappointed.她看上去很失望。We were encouraged at the news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我們很受鼓舞。K名師點(diǎn)津】過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，而動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者, 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被湯姆打破的。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))K即學(xué)活用X語(yǔ)法填空I was

5、 too(tire) to walk any further.When he heard the(move) story, he was deeply(move).Tom was more(surprise) than(disappoint) at this news.Both he and I are(satisfy) with the result.三、過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。*He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看著電視機(jī)被搬出了房間。*Last year t

6、hey had the house rebuilt.去年他們讓人重建了房子。幾類(lèi)能夠接過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)).表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))，如 see, watch, observe, find, look at? hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等。*1 heard the song sung in English.我聽(tīng)到有人用英語(yǔ)唱這首歌。.表示“致、使”意義的動(dòng)詞，如have, make, get, keep, leave等。They managed to make themselves understood by using v

7、ery simple English.他們用了很簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)以使別人能聽(tīng)懂。Don leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。K名師點(diǎn)津U “have+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的三種含義(1)表示“讓某人做某事”ril have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理發(fā)。(2)表示“遭遇某種不幸；受到打擊”He had his wallet stolen.他的錢(qián)包被偷 了。(3)做某事(主語(yǔ)可能參與其中)1 had my house repaired last week.上周，我修補(bǔ)了房子。3.表示“希望、要求”等意義的動(dòng)詞，如like, want, wish

8、, order等。*The teacher doesnt wish such questions (to be) discussed in class.老師不希望在課堂上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。*The police, finding the film unhealthy, ordered it banned.警察發(fā)現(xiàn)這部電影不健康，令其禁演。K即學(xué)活用H語(yǔ)法填空Youd better have your shoes(mend).The father wants his daughter(teach) the piano.I saw an old man(knock) down by a car.rd

9、 like the job(do) when I come back from the journey.四、過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)when, while, after, once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。*Once published(=Once it is published), the dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版，這本詞典將大受歡迎。.作原因狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)as, since, because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

10、Absorbed in painting(=Because John was absorbed in painting), John didnt notice evening approaching.由于專(zhuān)心畫(huà)畫(huà)，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。.作條件狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。*Given another hour(=If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem.如果再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能把這道題算出來(lái)。.作讓步狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though, al

11、though, even if/though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ) 從句。*Beaten by the opposite team(=Though we were beaten by the opposite team), we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.雖然被對(duì)方的隊(duì)打敗了，但我們并沒(méi)有灰心而是相互鼓勵(lì)。.作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)并列句。*The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl(=and he was supported by a girl).在一位

12、姑娘的攙扶下，老人上了公共汽車(chē)。仁名師點(diǎn)津1過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的考前須知(1)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞，如when, though, although, as if, as though, if, unless, until, once等，表時(shí)間、讓步、條件、方式等。*If (I am) invited, I will attend the wedding of my friend.如果受到邀請(qǐng)，我會(huì)參加我朋友的婚禮。(2)過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)要一致。*Caught, the thief will be punished by the police

13、, (caught 的邏輯主語(yǔ)為 the thief)小偷如果被抓，就會(huì)受到警方的處分。(3)有些過(guò)去分詞已形容詞化，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示人的狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有satisfied, surprised, interested, moved, worried, pleased, disappointed 等。*Disappointed at the examination results, the girl stood there without saying a word.因?yàn)閷?duì)考試結(jié)果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句話也沒(méi)說(shuō)。K即學(xué)活用H語(yǔ)法填空(1)(leave) to himself, the baby began to cry.She accepted the gift, deeply(move).We went to the cinema,(fill) with excitement.Once(pour), water cannot be taken back.參*考*答*案情境探究.過(guò)去分詞，作前置定語(yǔ)2.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作后置定語(yǔ)要義詳析一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)invited (2)