人教版(新教材)高中英語選修4Unit2 Iconic Attractions學(xué)案1：Grammar

1、Grammar情境探究Have you noticed the fallen leaves on the ground?Have you noticed the fallen leaves on the ground?Yes, the ground is dotted with leaves,like a colorful design made by nature.觀察上面句子，并說出畫線局部的作用fallenmade by nature要義詳析過去分詞是非謂語動詞形式之一。過去分詞保存著動詞的局部特性，有完成或被動含義, 可帶狀語構(gòu)成過去分詞短語。在句法功能上，過去分詞(短語)與形容詞或副

2、詞作用類似，在 句子中可充當(dāng)定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語等成分。一、過去分詞作定語及物動詞的過去分詞作定語往往表示被動和完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表 示被動，只表示完成。(1)表示被動和完成a polluted river 一條被污染的河流the watered flowers 澆過水的花(2)只表不完成，不表不被動fallen leaves 落葉the risen sun升起的太陽K名師點(diǎn)津I過去分詞作定語單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在所修飾詞的前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放 在后面，其作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。*A watched pot never boils. K諺語U 心

3、急鍋不開。*The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那個學(xué)生是我女兒。K即學(xué)活用U語法填空Some of the people(invite) to the party cant come.The trees(blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.The police will come soon to take away the(damage) car.二、過去分

4、詞作表語位于系動詞(如be, get, become/ook, feel, seem等)之后，多表示主語的狀態(tài)或狀況，它所 表達(dá)的是形容詞的特性。She looks disappointed.她看上去很失望。We were encouraged at the news.聽到這個消息我們很受鼓舞。K名師點(diǎn)津】過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)，而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者, 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被湯姆打破的。(被動語態(tài))K即學(xué)活用X語法填空I was

5、 too(tire) to walk any further.When he heard the(move) story, he was deeply(move).Tom was more(surprise) than(disappoint) at this news.Both he and I are(satisfy) with the result.三、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語與賓語有著動賓關(guān)系，賓語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者。*He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看著電視機(jī)被搬出了房間。*Last year t

6、hey had the house rebuilt.去年他們讓人重建了房子。幾類能夠接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞(短語).表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞(短語)，如 see, watch, observe, find, look at? hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等。*1 heard the song sung in English.我聽到有人用英語唱這首歌。.表示“致、使”意義的動詞，如have, make, get, keep, leave等。They managed to make themselves understood by using v

7、ery simple English.他們用了很簡單的英語以使別人能聽懂。Don leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。K名師點(diǎn)津U “have+賓語+過去分詞”的三種含義(1)表示“讓某人做某事”ril have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理發(fā)。(2)表示“遭遇某種不幸；受到打擊”He had his wallet stolen.他的錢包被偷 了。(3)做某事(主語可能參與其中)1 had my house repaired last week.上周，我修補(bǔ)了房子。3.表示“希望、要求”等意義的動詞，如like, want, wish

8、, order等。*The teacher doesnt wish such questions (to be) discussed in class.老師不希望在課堂上討論這樣的問題。*The police, finding the film unhealthy, ordered it banned.警察發(fā)現(xiàn)這部電影不健康，令其禁演。K即學(xué)活用H語法填空Youd better have your shoes(mend).The father wants his daughter(teach) the piano.I saw an old man(knock) down by a car.rd

9、 like the job(do) when I come back from the journey.四、過去分詞(短語)作狀語表示被動或完成的動作，可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。.作時間狀語過去分詞作時間狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個when, while, after, once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。*Once published(=Once it is published), the dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版，這本詞典將大受歡迎。.作原因狀語過去分詞作原因狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個as, since, because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。

10、Absorbed in painting(=Because John was absorbed in painting), John didnt notice evening approaching.由于專心畫畫，約翰沒有注意到夜幕正在降臨。.作條件狀語過去分詞作條件狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。*Given another hour(=If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem.如果再給我一個小時，我也能把這道題算出來。.作讓步狀語過去分詞作讓步狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個though, al

11、though, even if/though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語 從句。*Beaten by the opposite team(=Though we were beaten by the opposite team), we didnt lose heart and encouraged each other.雖然被對方的隊(duì)打敗了，但我們并沒有灰心而是相互鼓勵。.作方式或伴隨狀語過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個并列句。*The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl(=and he was supported by a girl).在一位

12、姑娘的攙扶下，老人上了公共汽車。仁名師點(diǎn)津1過去分詞作狀語的考前須知(1)過去分詞作狀語時，其前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞，如when, though, although, as if, as though, if, unless, until, once等，表時間、讓步、條件、方式等。*If (I am) invited, I will attend the wedding of my friend.如果受到邀請，我會參加我朋友的婚禮。(2)過去分詞(短語)作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語要一致。*Caught, the thief will be punished by the police

13、, (caught 的邏輯主語為 the thief)小偷如果被抓，就會受到警方的處分。(3)有些過去分詞已形容詞化，作狀語時表示人的狀態(tài)。常見的有satisfied, surprised, interested, moved, worried, pleased, disappointed 等。*Disappointed at the examination results, the girl stood there without saying a word.因?yàn)閷荚嚱Y(jié)果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句話也沒說。K即學(xué)活用H語法填空(1)(leave) to himself, the baby began to cry.She accepted the gift, deeply(move).We went to the cinema,(fill) with excitement.Once(pour), water cannot be taken back.參*考*答*案情境探究.過去分詞，作前置定語2.過去分詞短語，作后置定語要義詳析一、過去分詞作定語invited (2)