考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題2021

1、第第 頁(yè)共20頁(yè)assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentsstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found hergarment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn t be more out ofdate or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdresse

2、d, EliazabethCline, s three-year indictment of ufast fashion” .In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zaraand Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent rel

3、ease, and moreprofit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes asdisposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don t advertise that-and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items atdirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacke

4、d fashion cycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers.For II&； M to offer a $5. 95 knit miniskirt in all its2,300-pius stores aroundthe world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that str

5、ainnatural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world s answer to consumer-activist bestsellerslike Michael Pollan, s The Omnivores Dilemma.uMass-produced clothing ,like fastfood, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,“ Cline argues.Am

6、ericans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year - about 64 itemsper person - and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads towaste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced herideal, a Brooklynwoman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2021 has made all of her own clothe

7、s- and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decadesto perfect her craft； her exle can, t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion panies have made efforts to curb theirimpact on labor and the environment - including II&；M, with its greenConscious Collection line - Cline

8、 believes lasting change can only be effected bythe customer. She exhibits the idealism mon to many advocates ofsustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity isa constant； people willonly start shopping more sustainably when they can t afford not to.Priestly criticizes her assistant for herpoor

9、 bargaining skill.insensitivity to fashion.obsession with high fashion.lack of imagination.According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers tobat unnecessary waste.shut out the feverish fashion world.resist the influence of advertisements.shop for their garments more frequently.The word uindictm

10、entn (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning toaccusation.enthusiasm.indifference.tolerance.Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?Vanity has more often been found in idealists.The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.People are more interested in unaffordable garment

11、s.Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.What is the subject of the text?Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.Challenge to a high-fashion myth.Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.Exposure of a mass-market secret.考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題4Text 1In order to “change lives for the bettern and reduce “de

12、pendency, “ GeorgeOrbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the uupfront work searchnscheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV register foronline job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible forbenefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnight

13、ly. What couldbe more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day waitfor the jobseeker, s allowance. uThose first few days should be spent looking forwork, not looking to sign on. he claimed. We re doing these things because weknow they help people say off benefi

14、ts and help those on benefits get into workfaster Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concernedchancellor, trying to change lives for the better, plete with ureformsn to anobviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newlyunemployed to find work, and subsides

15、laziness. What motivated him, we were tounderstand, was his zeal for ufundamental fairnessn -protecting the taxpayer,controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimantsreceived their benefits.Losing a job is hurting： you don t skip down to the jobcentre with a songin your heart,

16、 delighted at the prospect of doubling your ine from thegenerous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing andyou know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are nownot wanted； you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are nownot wanted

17、； you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purposeand structure in your life. Worse, the crucial ine to feed yourself and yourfamily and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what theywant and the answer is always： a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct

18、is to fall into dependencypermanent dependency if you can get it - supported by a state only too ready toindulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of thejob search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle ofBritish welfare is no longer that you c

19、an insure yourself against the risk ofunemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Eventhe very phrase ujobseeker s allowancev - invented in 1996 is about redefiningthe unemployed as a “jobseeker who had no mandatory right to a benefit he orshe has earned through making n

20、ational insurance contributions. Instead, theclaimant receives a time-limited “allowance,“ conditional on actively seeking ajob； no entitlement and no insurance, at ?71.70 a week, one of the leastgenerous in the EU.George Osborne, s scheme was intended toAprovide the unemployed with easier access to

21、 benefits.Bencourage jobseekersJ active engagement in job seeking.Cmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.Dguarantee jobseekersJ legitimate right to benefits. The phrase “to sign on” (Line 3,Para.2) most probably meansAto check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.Bto accept the government? s restrictions on the allowanc