中醫(yī)診斷學(xué)理論（英文版）Interrogation

1、中醫(yī)診斷學(xué)理論（英文版）InterrogationconceptionTo know the onset ,development,treatment,present symptoms and other information of disease by questioning patient or accompanying peopleInternal classic Treatise on cold attackThousand worthy prescriptions for emergencepurposeTo know the hobby , custom of patientOn

2、set development of diseaseJudge the cause and nature of diseaseData from all diagnostic methods should be taken into comprehensive consideration in order to avoid mistake in diagnosisMethod of interrogationSuitable environmentAsk the patient directly Questioning method in emergencyThe doctor should

3、be serious and patient, and be good at thinking and arousing patientsContent of interrogation1.General data: name ,sex occupation,birth place,nationality, address, marriage state,24-solar terms of disease onset, visit data ,admission data Examples:hepatic echinococcosis(包蟲病)(pastoral area), rheumati

4、sm(風(fēng)濕病),postpartum disease(產(chǎn)后病)2.Life style and process(Diet, mental activity,regular daily life)3. Family history and anamnesis4.Chief complaint The symptoms the patient feels the most obvious and painfully and the main cause for visiting a doctor. symptoms + period5.History of disease 1)The cause

5、of disease onsetcircumstance,time,symptoms,sudden or not,cause or predisposing cause , development and treatment 2)Present symptoms明代醫(yī)學(xué)家張景岳十問歌：一問寒熱二問汗，三問頭身四問便，五問飲食六問胸，七聾八渴俱當(dāng)辨，九問舊病十問因，再兼服藥參機變，婦女尤必問經(jīng)期，遲速閉崩皆可見，再添片語告兒科，天花麻疹全占驗。 Cold and fever Aversion to cold Intolerance of coldA. Chill and fever a.more

6、 chill than fever b.more fever than chill c.fever with aversion to coldB.the chill and fever seprately a.fever without chill sthenic fever,tidal fever,low grade fever olerance of cold without feverC.Alternate chill and fever a.shaoyang syndromesweatingThe action of yang puts on yin makes the sw

7、eating.No sweating wind-cold in the exterior yin insufficiencySweating Normal sweating Abnormal sweatingAbnormality of sweating characterA.spontaneous sweatingB.Night sweatingC.profuse sweating heat or coldD.yellow sweating damp-heatE.fighting sweatingF.dying sweatingAbnormality on sweating location

8、A.hemihidrosis(半身汗)B.head sweatingC.Chest sweatingD.sweating in the palm and soleE.genital sweatingPainMechanism of pain: Stagnation or stasis Innutrition of bodyClassification of pain A. Character of pain B. Location of PainTo distinguish: heat cold excess deficiencypainCharacter of painExcess: sud

9、den onset, severe and, incessant aggravated by pressing Causes: exogenous evils, qi stagnation,blood stasis, phlegm retention ,parasitosis or food retentionDeficiency: occurs gradually , dull, paroxysmal, relieved by pressingA. Distending pain-qi stagnationB. Stabbing pain-blood stasisC. Colic pain(

10、絞痛)-solid evils obstructionD. Retraction pain(掣痛)malnutrition of tendonsE. Scorching pain(灼痛)fire evilsF. Cold pain-yang deficiency , cold attackG. Hollow paindeficiency of essence or bloodH. Dull pain(鈍痛)deficiency of painLocation of painA. Headache excess deficiency Occiput radiating to nape -taiy

11、ang meridian forehead- yangming meridian bilateral sides -shaoyang meridian vertex - jueyin meridianappendixDizziness or vertigo: No phlegm no vertigo No deficiency no vertigo Excess-phlegm dampness Deficiency - qi and blood, Ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang , kidney essenceB. General aching(pa

12、ntalgia) wind-cold, wind-dampness pestilential toxin Insufficiency and disharmony of qi and bloodC. Chest pain lungphlegm-dampness, heat, abscess, yin deficiency heartqi deficiency and blood stasis, qi stagnation D. Hypochondriac pain blazing of liver fire shaoyang syndrome blood stasis from sprain

13、or falling down damp-heat suspending fluid retentionE. stomachache stomach cold or heat liver qi stagnation blood stasis spleen yang deficiency spleen yin deficiency F. abdominal pain cold heat excess deficiency yangming fu syndrome deficient cold of spleen blood stasis in lower jiao cold attack liv

14、er meridian parasitosis intestinal abcess G. lumbago kidney yin or yang deficiency blood stasis cold attackH. Pain of limbs(joints) wind, heat ,cold ,dampness 4.Diet and taste in mouth(飲食與 口味)A. Thirst and drinking(口渴與引水)B. Appetite and food intake(食欲與進食)C. Abnormal taste in mouth(異?？谖?A. Thirst and

15、 drinkinga. No thirst(口不渴)b. Thirst with profuse drinking and urine(伴多汗) consumptive thirst disease lung stomach heat, kidney yin deficiencyc. Thirst but little drinking(少飲) yin deficiencydamp-heatfluid-retention blood stasisB.Appetite and food intake食欲與進食To distinguish the yin or yang constitution

16、of bodya. Poor appetite(食欲差) spleen deficiency/dampness/qi stagnation/food injury/pregnancyb.over eating but still feeling hungry(多食易饑) stomach fire/strong stomach and weak spleenc.Hunger without appetite (饑不欲食) stomach yin deficiency d.food addiction(偏嗜) parasitosis/pregnancy/Symptoms relieved afte

17、r food taking-deficiencySymptoms aggravated after food taking-excess (食后痛減,食后加重)Food drunk(食醉)-spleen deficiencyTo know the developing tendency of diseaseC.Taste in the mouthMorbid taste in the mouth(口味異常)Tastelessness(口淡) deficiency of spleen and stomachSweet taste(口甜)-damp-heat in middle jiaoSour

18、taste(口酸)heat accumulation in liver and stomachBitter taste(口苦)gallbladder heat syndromeSalty taste(口咸)kidney disease5.Defecation and urination二便Defecation is related to large intestine/lung /spleen/liver/kidneyUrination is related to bladder/kidney/lung/liverTo know the nature of disease and the fu

19、ntion of visceraA. defecation(大便)a.stool form(便形): dry stool and dark color-heat in large intestine extremely dry stoolblood or body fluid deficiency loose bowel-deficient cold in spleen hard stool first &loose then-dampness / deficiency alternate dry and loose-stagnation of liver qi undigested food

20、 in stool-kidney yang deficiency food retention/ damp-heat in large intestineb.Frequency of defecation(大便次數(shù)) constipation(便秘): excessive heat /cold accumulation/ yin or qi blood deficiency diarrhea(腹瀉): spleen deficiency/declining of life gate / fire/food retention/damp-heatc.color of stool(便色): dar

21、k yellow stagnated heat in intestine black- far blood red -near blood red and white-dampness in large intestine grayish white-jaundance of damp heatd. feeling of defecation(便感) hot and burning sensation-damp heat unsmooth defecation-liver qi stagnation tenesmus(里急后重)dampheat fecal incontinence(大便失禁)

22、-deficiency of spleen and kidneyUrination(小便)Related to body fluid/lung/spleen/kidney4-6 times a day1500-2000 ml a dayReflect the condition of body fluid/visceraUrination(小便)a.amount of urine( 尿量) Excessive urine(多尿): kidney yang deficiency consumptive thirst(消渴) kidney yin deficiency Scanty urine(少

23、尿):heat /sweating/vomiting /Diarrhea / deficiency b. frequency of urination Frequent urination(尿頻) kidney yang deficiency damp heat in lower jiao dysuria and anuria(癃閉): excess and deficiencyc. color of urine(尿色) normal-light yellow and tranparent yellow-heat, dampheat(jaundice 黃疸) clear-deficiency

24、cold red-collateral impairmentFeeling of urination urethral pain(尿痛) enuresis(遺尿) dripping (淋瀝不盡) incontinence(失禁)Normal -hiding of yang and flourish of yin (陽潛陰盛則寐)a. Insomnia(失眠) 1. Disharmony between the heart and kidney (心腎不交) 2. Deficiency of heart and spleen(心脾兩虛) 3. Gallbladder stagnation and

25、 phlegm disturbing ( 膽郁痰擾) 4. Food retention(食積)b. Sleepiness(嗜睡) 1. damp-phlegm encumbering in spleen (痰濕困脾) 2.spleen qi deficiency (脾氣虛)食醉 3.deficiency of heart and kidney 4. heat in pericardium(熱入心包)7 . Women diseaseA. menstruation( 月經(jīng)) 5-7 24-30 B.vaginal discharge(白帶)C. pregnancy(懷孕)D.symptoms after delivery(產(chǎn)后癥狀)A. menstruation( 月經(jīng))a.Irregular menstruation(月經(jīng)不調(diào)) preceded me