高考情態(tài)動詞復(fù)習(xí)(詳細易懂)

1、 情態(tài)動詞modal verbs情態(tài)動詞的基本用法特點1） 情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事 情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2） 情態(tài)動詞 除 ought 和 have 外，后面只能接不帶 to 的不定式。3） 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第 三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4） 情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分 詞，等形式。 表示能力: can, could, be able to *be able to 能用于各種時態(tài)。 can / could 只能表示現(xiàn)在或過去的能力。 *was / were able to : “設(shè)法做成某事” 相當(dāng)于 managed to do sth

2、. succeeded in doing sth.。1. 表示能力、許可的情態(tài)動詞的用法。1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toA D 3. They will _ run this machine

3、 on their own in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able toD 表示許可: may / might, can / could * might, could 比較委婉, 一般多用于疑問句.* can, may 表達的語言比較隨便.* 在以could, might 表示征詢對方意見 或表示請求時，回答應(yīng)相應(yīng)使用can, may.5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should6. Might I

4、watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. canC A 2. 表示否定的情態(tài)動詞的用法:mustnt不準, 禁止 neednt沒必要 ( = dont have to )cant不能; 不可能may not不可以; 可能不shouldnt不應(yīng)該 ( = ought not to )wont/ wouldnt 不愿意darent 不敢can/may/must/need 問句的回答方式Can/Could you do sth.Yes, I/we/can/couldNo, I wecant/ couldntMay I

5、do sth.?Yes ,No ,you Must I /we do sth.?Yes, No you Need I do sth.?Yes ,No, you 疑問句式肯定句式否定答式y(tǒng)ou may.mustnt/may not.you mustneednt/dont have to.you must.neednt/dont have to.7. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not8. Johnny, you _

6、 play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldntC B 9. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont10. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you neednt B. Not,

7、 please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wontB C 表示推測情態(tài)動詞的重要用法.肯定的推測可能的推測否定的推測疑問的推測 ust/should 對將來 對現(xiàn)在 對過去情態(tài)動詞may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用not表示“可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing1. You

8、 must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here.2. He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He cant have slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.8. You could be right

9、, I suppose. 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be in Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking5. Philip _ seriously in the car acci

10、dent. 菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷.6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She _ (go) by bus.7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐 公共汽車來上班的。may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found情態(tài)動詞+完成式：1. must have done2. may/might have done3. c

11、ant couldnt jave done4. should /ought to have done5. shoulnt/oughtnt to have done6. could have done7. neednt have done8. would rather have done1. The ground is rather wet, so it _ have rained last night, didnt it?2. Tom _ have gone to Shanghai, but Im still not sure about it.3. The ground is very dr

12、y, so it _ have rained last night.4. Someone must have broken into our bedroom. Who _ have done it?5. I really regretted wasting the hours when I _ have studied hard, but it was too late.mustmaycantcouldshould6.Your home is not far from your school, so you _ have left in such a hurry then.7. I _ hav

13、e come to help you with your English, but I was too busy at that time.8. -I paid a visit to New York last month and we stayed at a nice hotel.-Oh,you _have stayed with Barbara.She is always willing to do you a favour.couldneedntwould rathershall和will的比較比較內(nèi)容肯定句疑問句shall表示“威脅”、“警告”、“允諾”的語氣與第一、三人稱連用，表示征

14、詢對方的意見Will/would1）表示“習(xí)慣”2）表示“愿意/望”3）表示“必然性”與第二人稱連用，表示征詢對方的意見1. If you _follow my advice, I _ offer you some help.2. _ you meet him right now or _ he wait outside, sir?willshallWillshall11. He _ be punished if he disobeys. 如果他不服從, 就要受到懲罰.12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you _ only let me spe

15、ak. 只要你讓我說話, 我們根本就不會吵架.13. -Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go. A. will B. shall C. might D. couldshallwillB 14. The door _ open. 這門經(jīng)常打不開.15. Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would16. You _ have the book after I read it. 我看完以后一定把這

16、本書給你.wontD shallwould 和 used to的比較1、would 主要表示過去一段時間內(nèi)的某種習(xí)慣，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用，意為“總要，總是” used to 主要表示過去存在但是現(xiàn)在已不再存在的習(xí)慣，意為“過去常?！薄n Sundays he _ go to call on the old man when he was young.I _ get up late, but now I have got used to getting up very early.Xiao Li _ be a model worker. He is now a university s

17、tudent.wouldused toused to可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need 、 dare 情態(tài)動詞 (+動詞原形)行為動詞 .needdare 1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化; 2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑問句中;*在if/whether之后;*或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用; 3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出現(xiàn);4.dare有其過去時dared. 多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing I darent ask her for a

18、rise. 我不敢請求她加薪.How did you dare to tell her that? I wonder whether he dare stand up in public. I dont know how she dares to wear that dress. Do you need any help?I wonder whether he need send it immediately.I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous.The garden doesnt need watering at the mome

19、nt.You neednt finish that work today.判斷正誤:How dare you say such a thing?How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the

20、disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.情態(tài)動詞短語的使用:would like to dowould rather dowould rather + 從句would prefer to do.had better do.改錯:1. Would you like having some tea?2. Id prefer going to the lecture this evening

21、.3. Id rather you to go to the meeting.4. He would rather to die than to give in.5. Youd better to have your hair cut today.Would you like to have some tea?Id prefer to go to . you went to .He would rather die than give in.Youd better have .f. 3. 情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法A. 對現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)和動作的推測高考題點擊：1. Peter _ come with u

22、s tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. (N 1993) A. mustB. may C. canD. will2. Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short. (1994上海) A. needntB. cantC. shouldD. mayBBmust 加動詞原形表示“必須做”；may 加動詞原形表示“可能會做”；can 加動詞原形表示“能夠做”；can 表示“可能性”時只用在問句和否定句中。該句的關(guān)鍵在于“but he isnt sure yet”。 neednt 表示“不必”；cant 表示“

23、肯定不”；后兩個選項與句意差別太大。此句的關(guān)鍵在于 “for he is much too short”.3. Its nearly 7:00. Jack _ be here at any moment. (N 1995) A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can4. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. (N 1996) A. wont, cantB. mustnt, may C. shouldnt, mustD. cant, shouldCB must + be 表示“肯定會”；need + be

24、表示 “需要在”；should + 動詞原形表示“非常有可能”；can 表示可能性只用在否定和疑問句中。前句表示“你不能玩刀”，此處的 “不能”并非表示“能力”，而是表示“允許”，所以只能用“mustnt”；后句表示“可能會傷著你自己”，故用 may。5. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. ( N 2000) A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might6. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be

25、 that he was late for the opening ceremony? (2001上海春季) A. canB. shouldC. mayD. mustDA此句的關(guān)鍵在于“Im not sure”，既然不能肯定，只能是一種“可能性”。此句的意思為：“Bush 先生總是很守時，他怎么可能在出席開幕儀式時遲到呢？“ can 在否定句或疑問句中表示“可能性”。7. - Is John coming by train? - He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (N 2002) A. mustB. canC. needD.

26、may8. - I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. - It _ true because there was little snow there. (N 2002北京) A. may not beB. wont be C. couldnt beD. mustnt beDC此句的關(guān)鍵是“He likes driving his car.” can 和 may 都可用于否定句中，cant 表示“根本不可能”，語氣很強；may not 表示“也許不可能”，語氣較弱。 couldnt 的語氣比 cant 弱。B. 對過去動作或

27、狀態(tài)的推測Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (N1993) A. have told B. tell C. be tellingD. having told2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. (N 1994) A. had to write it outB. must have written it out C. should have written it outD. ought to write it outAC ought to

28、相當(dāng)于 should；此句的關(guān)鍵是“He meant no harm”，顯然指的是過去的事。 should have written 意指“本該寫但實際上并沒有寫”。3. - There were already 5 people in the car but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. (N 1995) A. cant beB. shouldnt be C. mustnt have beenD. couldnt have been4. Susan_ written a report like t

29、his. (1995上海) A. can haveB. mustnt have C. cant haveD. ought to not haveDC此句談?wù)摰氖沁^去的經(jīng)歷，故 A、B 不合題意；must 表示判斷和推測只能用在肯定句中。該句的意思為 Susan 不可能寫出這樣的報告來。ought to have done 的否定式為 ought not to have done。5. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (N 97) A. mustnt have arrivedB. shouldnt have arrived C. ca

30、nt have arrivedD. neednt have arrived6. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You_ with Barbara. (N 1998) A. could have stayedB. could stay C. would stayD. must have stayedCA此句的關(guān)鍵是后半句，“otherwise he would have phoned me”，此處為省略了條件句的虛擬語氣，表示“如果到了他會打電話給我的”，由此可見，他肯定沒到。此句并不表示判斷，而是一個虛擬語氣。7

31、. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? (1999上海) A. must have B. shouldC. need haveD. ought to have8. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (N 2001) A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave9. Oh, Im not feeling

32、 well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. (2002上海春季) A. shouldnt cutB. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eatenD. mustnt eatDBC4. shall; should 的特殊用法 1. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海) A. canB. willC. ma

33、yD. shall2. Its nearly 7:00. Jack _ be here at any moment. (N 95) A. mustB. needC. shouldD. canDC該句的意思為：“通知說所有的考生必須坐在位置上直到考卷收完了才能離開。”考生坐在位置上不能用“能夠、將要、可以”來表示。而 shall 在第二、三人稱里面表示一種“命令、警告、承諾”等。3. - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. - They _ be ready by 12:00. (N 1998) A. c

34、anB. shouldC. mightD. need4. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海) A. mightB. needC. shouldD. wouldBC此句應(yīng)是店主對顧客的承諾。 should 與 how; why 等表示疑問或否定的詞連用時，用來表示一種驚奇的心情，意思為“居然、竟然”5. 情態(tài)動詞的應(yīng)答 1. - Shall I tell John about it? - No, you _. Ive told him already. (N 1994) A

35、. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt2. - Could I call you by the first name? - Yes, you_. (1998上海) A. willB. couldC. mayD. mightAC此句的關(guān)鍵是“Ive told him already”，由此可見，你就不必再對他說了。在回答 “Could I ”這類婉客氣的請求時，只能回答“Yes, you can 或 may”。不能用 could 或 might。3. - Will you stay for lunch? - Sorry, _. My brother is c

36、oming to see me. (N 1999) A. I mustntB. I cantC. I needntD. I wont4. - Write to me when you get home. - _. (2001北京春季) A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I canBC此句的關(guān)鍵是 “My brother is coming to see me.” 所以我不能在這兒吃飯。在回答對方的請求或命令時，應(yīng)該用 “Yes, I will.”而不能使用 would 或 should。6. 情態(tài)動詞的其它一些用法1. I wonder how he _ that

37、 to the teacher. (1996上海) A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. (N 1997) A. had toB. wouldC. was able toD. could3. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. (1996上海) A. wouldB. shouldC. had betterD. mightDCA注意比較 dare 和 need 的兩種詞性的不同用法。注意比較 could 與 was able to 的用法區(qū)別。 would 在此處表示過去慣常的動作。1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone_get one.A. were able to B. wouldC. was able to D. could2. You_re