2022年五年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解話題分類解讀與訓(xùn)練-專題06-時(shí)文報(bào)道類

1、專題 06 時(shí)文報(bào)道類在信息時(shí)代的今日,我們必需關(guān)注國(guó)內(nèi)外的重要大事；因而時(shí)文報(bào)道類 也稱新聞報(bào)道類 文章也是閱讀懂得中必不行少的；時(shí)文報(bào)道類文章一般以記敘文為主；文章的特點(diǎn)是用特別簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言清晰地向讀者闡述一件事；這類文章的寫作思路往往是這樣的：簡(jiǎn)述某個(gè)大事 何時(shí)、何地、何人、何事、結(jié)果 具體描述該大事 細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容 作者或其他人的看法和評(píng)判；不過(guò),在表達(dá)方式上,作者會(huì)運(yùn)用各種表達(dá)方式,如倒敘、插敘等,思維的跳動(dòng)性較大；另外,這種文章中往往顯現(xiàn)大量的生疏的人名或地名,在閱讀時(shí),要學(xué)會(huì)排除干擾；時(shí)文報(bào)道類是歷年高考英語(yǔ)的必考話題,主要題型為閱讀懂得,體裁一般為說(shuō)明文,分值所占比重也比較高；如202

2、2 年新課標(biāo)卷I 閱讀懂得 C 篇； 2022 年新課標(biāo)卷II閱讀懂得D篇； 2022 年新課標(biāo)卷III閱讀懂得 C篇等重視時(shí)文類的標(biāo)題重視時(shí)文類的導(dǎo)語(yǔ)標(biāo)題通常點(diǎn)明短文的主題思想；由于高考試卷中的大部分時(shí)文類文章都會(huì) 有意識(shí)地刪掉標(biāo)題, 因此全文的主題和論點(diǎn) 必需通過(guò)懂得和分析導(dǎo)語(yǔ)部分來(lái)獲得；時(shí)文報(bào)道類時(shí)文類文章通常結(jié)構(gòu)看似比較松散,而實(shí)際上并非如此； 時(shí)文類的正文主要對(duì)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)部分【高考探究】重視每個(gè)段落的連接高考試題常常以閱讀懂得的形式顯現(xiàn)新聞報(bào)道類的文章；【典例剖析】 A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the ches

3、t after he suffered a serious allergic 過(guò)敏的 reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping 踩 on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzy s mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save he

4、r father, so decided to use CPR. However, she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough, so she stamped on her father s chest instead. Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions 按壓 until the ambulance arrived. Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, s

5、aid: I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.Shes a little star, said Debbie. I was real

6、ly upset but Izzy just took over. I just cant believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery aller

7、gic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment. He has now made a full rec

8、overy from his suffering. 1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest . A.to express her helplessness B.to practise CPR on him C.to keep him awake D.to restart his heart 2.What s the right order of the events. Izzy kicked Colm. Debbie called 999. Izzy learned CPR. Colms heart stopped. C.D.A. B. 3.What doe

9、s Paragraph 8 mainly talk about. A. What Colm suffered. s allergy. B. Colm s present condition. C. What caused ColmD. Symptoms of Colms allergic reaction. 4.Why does the author write the news. A. To describe a serious accident. B. To prove the importance of CPR. C. To report a 9-year-old girls brave

10、 act. Izzy的父親因過(guò)敏反應(yīng)心臟停D. To call peoples attention to allergic reaction. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為新聞報(bào)道；文中報(bào)道了9 歲女童英勇救父的故事；止工作, Izzy 實(shí)行急救措施挽救了父親的生命；2.C 【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)懂得；由上下文可知,Izzy 從前明白了一些CPR心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù) ,后來(lái)她父親因過(guò)敏反應(yīng)心臟停止了工作,Izzy 的母親 Debbie 撥了 999 急救電話,然后 Izzy 實(shí)行了急救措施；3.A 【解析】考查段落大意；第八段主要講 Colm所患的疾病,即古怪的過(guò)敏反應(yīng)；所以 A 項(xiàng)正確；4.C 【解析】考查寫作目的；

11、文章為新聞報(bào)道,第一段中的A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest為導(dǎo)語(yǔ),所以作者的寫作目的是報(bào)道 9 歲女童英勇救父的故事；【長(zhǎng)難句解讀】 A schoolgirl saved her father s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic 過(guò)敏的 reaction which stopped his heart. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句 , 句中 A schoolgirl saved her father

12、 s life by kicking him in the chest 為主句, after 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,which stopped his heart為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞 reaction；Passage 1 （2022 年新課標(biāo)卷 I ）體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文人類語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越少及其緣由 350 7 分鐘Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the w

13、orld was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit 聯(lián)系 groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon

14、 afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation an

15、d better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general r

16、ule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone acco

17、unts for well over 800. The median number 中位數(shù) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. only Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinctionCameroon eight 消亡 , with a few elderly speakers left. Pick, a

18、t random, Busuu in remaining speakers,Chiapaneco in Mexico150, Lipan Apache in the United Statestwo or threeor Wadjigu in Australia one, with a question-mark: none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times. A. They developed very f

19、ast. C. They had similar patterns. B. They were large in number. D. They were closely connected. 29. Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present. A. Ab

20、out 6,800 B. About 3,400 C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200 31. What is the main idea of the text. A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 【文章大意】文章敘述了隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)展人類語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越少及其緣

21、由；29.C 【解析】推測(cè)詞義題； 依據(jù)文章其次段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 可知, 英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)正在替代其他語(yǔ)言；由此推知 dominant languages 意為：強(qiáng)有力的語(yǔ)言；應(yīng)選 C；30.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)懂得題；依據(jù)文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和 The median number 中位數(shù) of speakers is a mere 6,000,

22、which means that half the world s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知,目前世界上大約有 6800 種語(yǔ)言,但是講的人數(shù)少于 6000 人的占一半即 3400. 應(yīng)選 B；31.C 【解析】主旨要義題； 依據(jù)文章第一段中的主題句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.C；可知,語(yǔ)言的

23、產(chǎn)生和消逝進(jìn)行了幾千年,但最近時(shí)代語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)生的少,消逝的太多；應(yīng)選Passage 2 （2022 年新課標(biāo)卷II ）體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文青少年和年幼的孩子們讀300 7 分鐘書(shū)的樂(lè)趣大大削減 Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the

24、 report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the report s key findings, “ the proportion 比例 who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds

25、in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2 8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session

26、. When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel 建議 parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data

27、 shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read

28、more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom 靠近 ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 28. What is the Common S

29、ense Media report probably about. A. Childrens reading habits.s books. B. Quality of childrenC. Childrens after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships. 29. Where can you find the data that best supports children are reading a lot less for fun. A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3. C. In par

30、agraph 4. D. In paragraph 5. 30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading. A. E-books are of poor quality. B. It could be a waste of time. C. It may harm childrens health.D. E-readers are expensive. 31. How should parents encourage their children to read more. A. Act as role models for them. B.

31、Ask then to write book reports. C. Set up reading groups for them. D. Talk with their reading class teachers. 【文章大意】據(jù)本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report報(bào)告顯示,青少年和年幼的孩子們讀書(shū)的樂(lè)趣大大削減；文中從閱讀的樂(lè)趣,閱讀的時(shí)間,閱讀方式和父母對(duì)孩子閱讀的影響等角度展現(xiàn)了該報(bào)告的內(nèi)容；28.A 【解析】推理判定題；題干問(wèn)的是這篇報(bào)道可能是關(guān)于什么內(nèi)容；依據(jù)整篇文章,我們可以看出這篇報(bào)道敘述了孩子們閱讀的樂(lè)趣,孩子們閱讀的時(shí)間,孩子們閱讀方式和父母

32、對(duì)孩子閱讀的影響；A項(xiàng)意為：孩子們的閱讀習(xí)慣；B項(xiàng)意為：孩子們所讀書(shū)籍的質(zhì)量；C項(xiàng)意為：孩子們的課后活動(dòng)；D項(xiàng)意為：父母與孩子的關(guān)系；應(yīng)選 A；30.C 【解析】推理判定題； 依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最終一句 many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可知,很多家長(zhǎng)仍舊限制電子閱讀,主要是由于擔(dān)心看一些電子屏幕的時(shí)間越來(lái)越多,也即是擔(dān)憂會(huì)損害孩子們的健康；應(yīng)選 C；31.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)懂得題；依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段 The most hopeful data sh

33、ared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. 可知,有明顯的證據(jù)說(shuō)明,父母為孩子們做榜樣并為孩子們作重要指導(dǎo)能培育孩子的閱讀習(xí)慣；也即是說(shuō),父母可以通過(guò)給孩子們作榜樣來(lái)勉勵(lì)孩子們閱讀的；應(yīng)選 A；Passage 3 （ 2022 新課標(biāo)卷 III）體裁 話題 詞數(shù) 難度 建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文 美國(guó)黃石公園重新引進(jìn)灰狼 300 6 分鐘After years of heated deb

34、ate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the conti

35、nental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected

36、 results. Deer and elk populations major food sources 來(lái)源 for the wolf grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation 植被 , which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park s r

37、ed fox es, and completely drove away the parks beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves wo

38、uld kill their farm animals or pets. The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellow

39、stone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 28. What is the text mainly about. A. Wildli

40、fe research in the United States. B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. 29. What does the underlined word displaced in paragraph 2 mean. A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down

41、. 30. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about. A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the parks income.C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals. 31. What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project. A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disap

42、proving. D. Uncaring. 【話題解讀】本文是一篇時(shí)文報(bào)道,該文報(bào)道了美國(guó)黃石公園重新引進(jìn)灰狼的事情；人類活動(dòng)的影響使灰狼的數(shù)量逐步削減,鹿群數(shù)量逐步增加,從而導(dǎo)致植被被大量破壞；【名師點(diǎn)睛】詞義推測(cè)題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀懂得中常見(jiàn)的題型,一般考查考生對(duì)生詞、熟詞生義詞、短語(yǔ)、代詞的指代的推測(cè)以及對(duì)句子的懂得等；要求考生嫻熟把握構(gòu)詞法,仍要學(xué)會(huì)利用上下文語(yǔ)境、利用定義、說(shuō)明、舉例和對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折等線索來(lái)進(jìn)行判定；另外構(gòu)詞法也是一種猜詞的方法,比如通過(guò)前綴：dis- ,un- ,im- 等,如此題中的 displace；31.B 【解析】推理判定題；依據(jù)文章末段的最終一句可知,作者認(rèn)為引進(jìn)灰

43、狼的項(xiàng)目是很有價(jià)值的試驗(yàn),因此可推知作者對(duì)這一舉措持確定的態(tài)度；體裁 TerrafugiaPassage4（2022 新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II ）建議時(shí)間話題詞數(shù)難度說(shuō)明文公司研制出了飛 316 6 分鐘車Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle named the Transit

44、ion has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the a

45、ir. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon. Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dontt expect

46、it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $279,000.And it wonhelp if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway. Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than a

47、nyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. Mann said Terrafugia was helpe d by the Federa

48、l Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requi

49、rement pilots would find relatively easy to meet. 28. What is the first paragraph mainly about. A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars. C. The potential market for flying cars. C. The designers of the Transition. 29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too man

50、y driveways. A. It causers traffic jams. B. It is difficult to operate. C. It is very expensive. D. It burns too much fuel. 30. What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car.A. Cautious B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving. 31. What is the best title for the text. A. F

51、lying Car at Auto Show B. The Transitions First Flight Dream Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality C. Pilots 【話題解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道；主要介紹了 Terrafugia 公司研制出了飛車,試飛勝利,估計(jì)將于 明年進(jìn)行銷售；本文主要對(duì)飛車的歷史由來(lái)及其構(gòu)架進(jìn)行了介紹；29.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)懂得題； 依據(jù)“But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. It s expected to cost 30.B $279,

52、000” 可知,由于Transition 的價(jià)格較高,所以不太可能在太多的公路上顯現(xiàn)；應(yīng)選C；【解析】細(xì)節(jié)懂得題；依據(jù)“he government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly ” 以及“Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administrations decision five years ago to create a separate set

53、of standards for light s port aircraf” 可知,政府對(duì)于飛車的研發(fā)是比較支持的；應(yīng)選 B；31.D 【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題；瀏覽全文,主要從飛車的試飛勝利、飛車的構(gòu)架以及多年以前人們對(duì)飛車的 設(shè)想至今成為現(xiàn)實(shí)綻開(kāi)說(shuō)明；應(yīng)選 D；Passage 5 （2022 天津卷）體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間說(shuō)明文無(wú)人駕駛的自動(dòng)化車輛 348 6 分鐘This month, Germanys transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles

54、自主駕駛車輛 . They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley ”of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could dela

55、y the driverless future. Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property財(cái)產(chǎn) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel to check email, say the cars maker is responsib

56、le if there is a crash. “ The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says. Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and

57、lawyers. “The liability法律責(zé)任 issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK. An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment. But that is not what

58、many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “ When you say driverless cars , people expect driverless cars. ”Merat says. “ You know no driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation. Driverless cars may

59、end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched. That would go down poorly in the US, however. “ The idea that the gove

60、rnment would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo. 46. What does the phrase “ death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to. A. A place where cars often break down. B. A case where passing a law is impossible. C. An area where no driving is