+Unit+1+Review+useful+structures課件-2021-2022學(xué)年高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

1、UNIT 1SCIENCE FICTIONReview the passive voice被動(dòng)語態(tài)了解被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu);能夠正確理解并運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況；主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況。Learning objectivesI.Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.1. It was going to be tested out by Lorrys wife, Cl

2、aire.2. . , but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.3. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.4. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, .5. As he was not allowed to acco

3、mpany her to the shops, .6. The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.7. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. 8. Tony expected that the house, which was being completely transformed, would be ready.Grouping：1.2.7 51. It was going to

4、 be tested out by Lorrys wife, Claire.2. . , but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.7. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. 不定式的被動(dòng) to be done5. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, .過去時(shí)的被動(dòng) waswere done3. Now she was being looke

5、d after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.4. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot, .6. The saleswoman there was rude to her, so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.8. Tony expected that the house, which was being comp

6、letely transformed, would be ready.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng) waswere being doneYou are invited to make a speech in our school.A new bike was bought for me by my parents as a gift last week.It is said that the meeting will be held at 8：00 am tomorrow.He was being punished for being late by the head teacher.The life o

7、f the milu deer is being studied by specialists at present.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.The work will have been finished by the end of next month.現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)isamare done過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)waswere

8、 done將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)will be done過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)had been done將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)will have been done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)hashave been done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)isamare being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)waswere being done一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化（be done, be有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化）時(shí)體現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done進(jìn)行is/am/are being donewas/were being don

9、e完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/shouldhave been done(1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞。The baby should be taken good care of by the babysitter.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式：(4)在使役動(dòng)詞have，make，get以及感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加 to。Someone saw

10、a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building.(5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.【學(xué)以致用1】單句語法填空On t

11、he last day of our weeklong stay，we _ (invite)by them to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will _ (install) by 2023 for the event.Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，_ (regard) as one of the bes

12、t allround forms of exercise. I dont think aliens can _ (find) in space.were invitedhave been installedis regardedbe found二、不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)：appear, disappear, break out, come true, run out, date back, happen, go on, take place, belong to。(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞，如：last；hold；benefit；conta

13、in；equal；fit等。(3)表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have；own；belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish；want；hope；like；love等?！緦W(xué)以致用2】單句語法填空Both our countries _.我們兩國都屬于第三世界。The wind is changing round, so the storm _.風(fēng)正在轉(zhuǎn)向，因此暴風(fēng)雨不會(huì)持續(xù)太長的時(shí)間。belong to the Third Worldwont last long三、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況(1)英語中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break；catch；clean；drive；lock；open；

14、sell；read；write；wash；measure; wear; move;cook;shut等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征屬性時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.The door wont shut.注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock.(指門本身有毛病)The door wont be locked.(指不會(huì)有人來鎖門，指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因)(2)表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞與短語，如：happen；last；ta

15、ke place；break out；come out；come about；come true；run out；give out；turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例：How do the newspapers come out?(3)系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式， 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel；sound；taste; look; smell; remain等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例：Your reason sounds reasonable.(4)在“be + 形容詞+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

16、常見形容詞有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等。 The question is difficult to answer. (the question與answer之間主動(dòng)關(guān)系)Volleyball is very interesting to watch.(volleyball與watch之間主動(dòng)關(guān)系)補(bǔ)充（5）當(dāng)want, need, require 表示“需要”時(shí)，其賓語可用動(dòng)詞-ing 形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 eg The

17、 carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned). Most house plants require watering (= to be watered).（6）形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。The picturebook is well worth reading.The picturebook is very worthy to be read.補(bǔ)充【學(xué)以致用3】單句語法填空As time went on, Einsteins theory _ (prove)

18、 correct.It is said that pandas _ (disappear) in our country year after year.Great changes _ (take) place in my home town and a lot of factories _ (set) up in the past decade.I like the material because it _ (feel) vedare disappearinghave takenhave been setfeels隨堂訓(xùn)練鞏固提升C.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Differe

19、nt types of teas _ (taste) by skilled teatasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre.2Today, the forests have almost gone. People must _ (stop) from cutting down too many trees.3Chinese kites in ancient times _ (design) in the shape of birds.4This is one of the highest buildings that _ (build)

20、in our city recently.were tastedbe stoppedwere designedhave been built5Its great that all the visitors who _(trap) on the island were saved.6They havent moved into the new house because it _ (decorate) now.7I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told the cloth _(wash) well.8The first t

21、extbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language _ (come) out in the 18th century.9Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos _ (take) then.10. English _ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries.had been trappedis

22、 being decoratedwashescamewill be takenhas changed.單句寫作1He _ in the story when he _ by a loud noise.他正沉浸在故事中，這時(shí)被一陣巨響嚇到了。2The coat _ cotton.這件外衣是棉制的。3The workers _ 12 hours a day.工人們被迫一天工作12小時(shí)。was absorbedwas frightenedis made ofwere/are made to work4Our homework _ on time.作業(yè)應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)上交。5The girl _to the

23、railway station, only to find the guests _.女孩匆忙趕到火車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)客人已經(jīng)被接走了。should be handed inhurriedhad been picked up.語法填空The novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) hit Wuhan，China，in early 2020，with the number of infected people 1. _ (rise) rapidly across the country.The viral disease that swept into most cou

24、ntries around 2. _ globe and killed thousands of people was officially characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation，on 11 March,2020. COVID19，3. _ was reported，is genetically similar 4. _ the known bat coronaviruses.Wild animals sold for food were 5. _ (original) suspected to be the

25、intermediary hosts of COVID19 because many of the individuals 6. _ (find) infected by the virus were workers at Huanan Seafood Market.The outbreak promoted a ban on the trade and 7. _ (consume) of wild animals in China.The Chinese government and people demonstrated their responsibility with 8. _ (pr

26、actice) actions.A strict national prevention and control program was swiftly put in place.Two specialized hospitals were built in less than 15 days.9. _ (guarantee) that no family in need was left unattended to，community workers left no stone unturned in checking on every block.In those toughest day

27、s，donations in cash and kind 10. _ (make) to help battle the disease.Thanks to the joint efforts，everything is getting better and better.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了新冠肺炎的暴發(fā)，分析了可能的原因并且介紹了中國政府為阻止病毒的蔓延所采取的措施。1rising考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空前的with，可知此處使用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語。the number of infected people和rise是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填rising。2th

28、e考查冠詞。around the globe意為“全球”。故填the。3as考查定語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，as was reported意為“正如媒體報(bào)道”。故填as。4to考查固定搭配。be similar to為固定搭配，意為“和相似”。故填to。5originally考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞suspected，應(yīng)用副詞。故填originally。6found考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？仗幾骱笾枚ㄕZ修飾individuals，且和individuals為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填found。7consumption考查名詞?？仗幒蛅rade并列，作on的賓語，故填名詞，且consumption

29、為不可數(shù)名詞。故填consumption。8practical考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞actions，應(yīng)用形容詞。故填practical。9To guarantee考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？仗幈硎灸康?，應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。故填To guarantee。10were made考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。本文主要使用一般過去時(shí)，且主語donations和make是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。故填were made。2.Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences

30、into Chinese.1.What is done cannot _. (undo)2.Janet _chairwoman of the student union last month, (elect)3.Two hundred grammes of flour should _to the cake mix. (add)4.A 3,000-seat venue _for the circus performance in November, (build)5.Working efficiency_since this new software was adopted. (improve

31、)be undonewas electedbe addedwas built /will be builthas been improvedTextbook Page52.Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.6.Only one piece of carry-on luggage_for each economy class passenger, (allow)7.It is a gre

32、at honour for me to _to address this international Al conference, (invite)8.When I entered the room, I found that the salesmans salary_at the meeting, (discuss)9.With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination

33、, He is expected to _to a top university.(admit)is allowedbe invitedwas being discussedbe admitted3.Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.Science fiction _by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and _. The Three-Body Problem, _by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first vol