2019版高考英語提分單元加餐練通用版(全解析)單元加餐練65含解析

1、單元加餐練.閱讀理解AGettingclosetoactiveoreruptingvolcanoescanbedangerous.ButforMichaelRampino,itsallinadayswork.Rampinoisavolcanologist,ascientistwhostudiesvolcanoesandhowtheyaffectourplanet.Rampinohasbeenclosetored-hotlavaflows(熔巖流)inHawaiiandexplosivevolcanoesinIndonesia.Heknowswhentogetclosetoanactivevol

2、canoandwhentobackaway.Rampinowasntalwaysavolcanologist.HeworkedforNASAforsevenyears.Hestudiedrocksuntilhebegantoresearchclimatechangeandtheeffectsthatvolcanoeshaveonclimate.Hebecameinterestedinthesubject.“OnceIstartedworkingwithvolcanoes，”Rampinosaid,“Iwashooked.”RampinoisaprofessoratNewYorkUniversi

3、ty.Aspartofhisjob,hetravelstoareaswherevolcanoeshavebeenactive.“Activemeans”theyhaveeruptedwithinthepastfewcenturiesandprobablywilleruptagain.Rampinostudiesthedeposits(沉積物)ofashandothermaterialsfromtheeruptions.TheashmayholdcluestowhathappenedtotheEarthinthedistantpast.Itmayalsohelpscientistspredict

4、whatcouldhappentoEarthsclimateinthefuture.Rampinodoesntworkalone.Heworkswithateamofscientistswhousecomputerstostimulate(模擬)theeffectsvolcanoeshaveonEarthsatmosphere.Beingavolcanologistmaybehardwork,butitsalsofun.“Itscooltravelingtheworldstudyingvolcanoes，”Rampinosays.Whenhetalkstostudentsabouthiswor

5、k,hetellsthemthathisgoalistheeventsthathaveshapedEarthshistory.”“tounde篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位火山學(xué)家的相關(guān)事跡。1ToRampino,beingclosetoactivevolcanoesis_.AadventurousbutmeaningfulBscarybutnecessaryCimpossibleandunnecessaryDdangerousbuturgent答案：A推理推斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知這樣的工作很具有冒險性；再根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句可知這樣的工作也很有意義。2Theunderlinedw

6、ord“hooked”inParagraph2probablymeans“_”AtrappedBtouchedCfrightenedDattracted答案：D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上一句中的“becameinterestedinthesubject”可知，Rampino一旦開始火山研究工作時，就會入迷、被吸引，故這里是被“吸引”的意思。故選D項。3Rampinosstudyonvolcanoesmighthelp_.AwarnpeopletoprotecttheenvironmentBsupportthestudyofEarthsfutureclimateCtellthefutureeruptio

7、ntimeofthevolcanoesDreducethepossibilityofthevolcanoeseruptions答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ItmayalsohelpscientistspredictwhatcouldhappentoEarthsclimateinthefuture”.以及第四段最后一句可知，他的工作有助于研究地球未來的氣候。故選B項。4Inwhichpartofanewspapercouldwefindthistext?AClimate.BHistory.CPeople.DBusiness.答案：C推理判斷題。本文是介紹了一位研究火山的專家，應(yīng)該屬于

8、報紙中的人物版塊。故選C項。BThevolcanoisoneofthemostsurprisingfrighteningforcesofnature.Maybeyouhaveseenpicturesofthese“fireworksof”nature.Sometimeswhenavolcanoerupts,_averylargewallofmeltedrockmovesdownthesideofamountain.Itlookslikesa“riveroffire”.Sometimesvolcanoesexplode,throwingthemeltedrockandasheshighintot

9、heair.Butwheredoesthismeltedrockcomefrom?Theearthismadeupofmanylayers.Thetoplayer(層)thatweseeiscalledthecrust.Underthecrustaremanylayersofhardrock.Butfar,farbeneaththecrustwhoserockissohotthatitissoft.Insomeplacesitevenmelts.Themeltedrockiscalledmagma.Sometimesthemagmabreaksouttothesurfacethroughint

10、hecrack.Thesecracksarevolcanoes.Mostpeoplethinkofmountainswhentheythinkofvolcanoes.Butnoteverymountainisavolcano.Avolcanoissimplytheopeningintheearthfromwhichthemagmaescapes.Thehotmagma,orlavaasitiscalled,buildsuponthesurfaceoftheearth.Overthousandsofyears,thispileofcooledlavacangrowtobevery,verybig

11、.Forexample,thehighestmountaininAfrica,Kilimanjaro,isavolcano.Ittowersmorethan16,000feetabovethegroundaroundit.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自然界的神奇力量火山。5Theunderlinedword“erupts”inParagraph1means“_”AmovesdownBbreaksawayCbuildsupDsuddenlythrowsoutlava答案：D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的描述可知此處指火山噴發(fā)，項意為“突然釋放出巖漿”，與“噴發(fā)”意義最為接近。故D項正確。

12、6Whichwordsinthepassagehavethesamemeaningas“meltedrock”？A“Volcano”andB“Crust”andC“Magma”and“explode“hardrock“l(fā)ava”D“Volcano”and“magma”答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段倒數(shù)第三句和第二段第四句可知，“magma”和“l(fā)ava”可代替“meltedrock”，表示“巖漿；熔巖”。7Whichisthecorrectorderofthelayersoftheearth(beginningwiththetoplayer)?Acrusthardrockmagmasoftroc

13、kBcrusthardrocksoftrockmagmaCmagmasoftrockhardrockcrustDvolcanocracksmagmacrust答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段倒數(shù)第37句可知地球的正確分層為B項所述。8Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe“_”ATheVolcanoBKilimanjaroVolcanoCTheMountainsDTheMeltedRock答案：A標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文后可知，本文主要講的是有關(guān)火山的相關(guān)知識。.七選五Anewreportsaysplasticsareresponsiblefor$13billionindam

14、agetotheoceansandtheunderseaenvironment.ThefindingswereannouncedrecentlyataUnitedNationsconference._1_Plasticthrownawaycarelesslymakesitswayintoriversandotherwaterways._2_Afterawhile,itcollectsinthesea.Andplasticnevergoesaway.Plasticisnotbiodegradabledestroyedbybacteriaornaturalprocesses.Instead,itj

15、ustbreaksupintosmallerpiecesovertime.Theoceanscontainalotofchemicalsandotherpollutants._3_Thatmeansharmfulmaterialsmaygetintoourfoodsupply._4_Humanbeingscausepollutionandtheycantakestepstostopit.Theycanusefewersingle-useproductcontainersandthrowplasticsawaycorrectly.Plasticrecyclingprogramsalsoworkw

16、hereoldbottlesandotherplasticsarecollected,brokendownandusedtomakenewproducts.Wecouldreusebottlesinourhouseholdsmanytimesifwewishto,ratherthanendthemafterthefirstuse.Wecould,whenwegetridofplastic,recycleitandreuseit,whichreplacestheneedforrawmaterials.Thereportalsocallsoncompaniestoimprovemethodsfor

17、usingplastics._5_Anditcallsforinformationaboutthewayplasticisthrownoutorremovedfromuse.Byputtinganewvalueonplastic,industryhasaspecialreasontocleanuptheenvironment.Andallofthecompaniesmustjointodealwiththeproblem.AThen,fishmayeattheplastic.BItasksforthemtobettermeasureanddirectplasticuse.CTheplastic

18、eventuallyreachescoastalareasandoceanwaters.DThereporttellsabouttheharmtosealifeandwhatmightbedonetoimprovethesituation.EPlasticsshouldbegatheredtogetherandreused.FButpeoplecanmakeabigdifference.GItisconvenienttouseplasticbagsineverydaylife.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。一份新的報告指出：被丟棄的塑料匯聚到海洋，不僅嚴(yán)重污染了海洋環(huán)境，而且最終會通過魚等海洋生

19、物進(jìn)入人體，危害人類健康。同時，該報告也指出了個人以及企業(yè)應(yīng)該如何采取措施來改善這種狀況。1D根據(jù)語境可判斷出，D項承接上文“Anewreportsays.”，進(jìn)一步闡釋該報告的內(nèi)容，故選D。2C根據(jù)上下文語境及下句中的“collectsinthesea”可知，被丟棄在河里和其他航道的塑料最終會流入沿海地區(qū)和大洋水域，故選C。3A由設(shè)空處前后的句子可知，此處敘述海洋污染和人類食物污染之間的關(guān)系，故A項符合語境，故選A。4F本段談的是人類應(yīng)該如何做才能減少塑料對海洋及海洋環(huán)境的污染，故F項“Butpeoplecanmakeabigdifference”.符合語境，總領(lǐng)該段并與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折。5B根

20、據(jù)設(shè)空前一句中的“Thereportalsocallsoncompaniestoimprove.plastics.”及空后“Anditcallsfor.”可知，本段重在闡釋該報告對各個公司在合理使用塑料方面的要求。B項中的It指代Thereport,them指代companies，且全句符合前后語境。故選B。.語法填空MyhusbandandIwerepayingavisit_1_myparentsinTucson.Wewenttoafastfoodrestaurantfordinnertogether.Myhusbandwenttothecounter_2_(order)dishesandI

21、stoodwithmyparents.Mydadwas90yearsold.Hecouldhardlyseeverywellandwalkedwithastick.Iwasscanningtherestaurant,_3_(wait)tositatthefirsttablethatwas_4_(convenient)thanothers.Awomanwhowassittingwithhersonmadeeyecontactwithmeandaskedmetocometoher.Witha_5_(puzzle)lookonmyface,Ipointedtomyselfandsaid,“Me？”S

22、he_6_(nod)andsaid,“Yes,you.”Iwalkedtothetableandshesaid,“Bringyourfamilyhere.Icanfinisheatingatthecounter.Mysonisin_7_hurrytoleaveanyway.”Myeyes_8_(fill)withtearsasshewipeddownthetableandguidedmydadtotheseat.alwaysbelievethatthereare_9_(nature)kindpeopleinthisworld.Thiswomanhassetagoodexampleforhers

23、on,_10_isareallyluckyguy.1_2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。“我”和丈夫以及“我”的父母在一家飯店準(zhǔn)備就餐，“我”的父親九十高齡，行動不便，一位女士主動讓座，這讓“我”感到了世界的美好。1to考查介詞。payavisittosb.為固定搭配，意為“拜訪某人”。2toorder考查動詞不定式。空處所填詞表示去柜臺的目的，故用動詞不定式。3waiting考查非謂語動詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所填詞和句子謂語動詞之間無連詞，應(yīng)用非謂語動詞；I與wait之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。4moreconveni

24、ent考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)該句中的“than”可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。5puzzled考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幩钤~修飾“l(fā)ook”，表示人的表情，故用形容詞puzzled。6nodded考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“andsaid”可知，這里陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時。7a考查不定冠詞。inahurry為固定搭配，意為“匆忙”，故用不定冠詞。8werefilled考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。動詞fill和該句主語Myeyes是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；該處陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時。9naturally考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幩钤~修飾形容詞kind，故用副詞naturally。10who考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞herson，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故用who。.書面表達(dá)假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國朋友Tom想來承德避暑山莊(theChengdeMountainResort)旅游。特寫信向你詢問該景點的情況。請你根據(jù)以下提示，給他寫封回信。1位于河北省承德市，清代皇帝曾在此避暑和處理國事(stateaffairs)；2景區(qū)有眾多宮殿、園林景觀及寺廟建筑等，模仿中國不同地區(qū)建筑風(fēng)