不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表格現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)英語過去完成時(shí)

1、定義過去完成時(shí)(past perfect)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。它表示句子中描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+had+過去分詞 vpp.(done) 肯定句：主語 +had+過去分詞.否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞.一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞？肯定回答：Yes,主語+had.否定回答：No,主語+had not .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句(Had+主語+過去分詞)？基本用法(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即 過去的過去可以用by, before等介詞短語或一個(gè) 時(shí)間狀語從

2、句 來表示,也可以 用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。例如： By nine o clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到 200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。(2)表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.當(dāng)車來的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。He said he had work

3、ed in that factory since 1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。(3)敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng) 作時(shí)，常使用過去完成時(shí)。例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I didn t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無所知，因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。(4)在含有定語從句 的主從復(fù)合句中、如

4、果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。 例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已歸還了我借的書。She found the key that she had lost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。(5)過去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動(dòng)作之前。例如：He said that he had known her well.他說他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我認(rèn)

5、為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。(6)狀語從句：在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。如 when,before,after,as soon as,till/until 弓I導(dǎo)的例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來時(shí)雨已停了。She didn t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。注意：如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)?這 時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句

6、的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時(shí)可以用一般 過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語水平。(7)動(dòng)詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想 法，希望，打算或意圖等。例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。We had

7、hoped to be able to come and see you我們本來希望能來看看你。(8) 過去完成時(shí)還可用在hardly when, no sooner than ，It was the first (second, etc) time (that) 等固定句型中。例如： Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他剛到就又走了。It was the third time

8、 that he had been out of work that year.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。時(shí)間狀語 before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no soonerthan , yet, already 等。過去完成時(shí)-語法判定.由時(shí)間狀語來判定一般說來，各種 時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：(1 ) by +過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.(2 ) by the end of +過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：We had learne

9、d over two thousand English words by the end of last term.(3 ) before +過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.由過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時(shí)表示 過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有 先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：(1 )賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard,

10、thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如：She said that she had seen the film before.(2 )狀語從句中在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的， 要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如：After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意：before, after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于 before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作 的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如：After he closed the door, h

11、e left the classroom.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載(3) 表示意向的動(dòng)詞， 如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等， 用過 去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能”We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.過去完成時(shí)-語法區(qū)別一、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，以現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為助動(dòng)詞have (has) +過去分詞”；過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，以過去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，

12、更強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000個(gè)英語單詞。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了1000 個(gè)英語單詞。Im sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。(等”的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)二、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)

13、別雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：.時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去時(shí)間。比較： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來 判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her,

14、too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用and或but連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；另外，在 before , after , as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于 這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.過去完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空We(paint) the house bef

15、ore we(move) in.That rich old man(make) a will before he(die).They(study) the map of the country before they(leave).The robbers(run away ) before thepolicemen(arrive). I(turn off) all the lights before I(go) to bed.When I(arrive) at the station, he(leave).8We(learn) about 4000 English words by the e

16、nd of last term.9We were surprised at what she already(do)He said he already(give) the book to the teacher.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載She told me she（be） to Sanya three times.12I had sold the ticket when she came（改否定旬）二改寫句子1She had sung a song to us before she danc e政否定旬）.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up.（用過去完

17、成時(shí)連接兩句）.Jim s father mended the car. It was broken（用過去完成時(shí)連接兩句）.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday刖過去完成時(shí)連接兩句）After we, we.He showed us the picture. Then he showed us around the house過去完成時(shí)連接兩旬 ）Before he, he.Mr Li swimming for 3 hours, and his son an hour ago.A.has been, started B.have start

18、ed, has startedC.started, started D. Has started, has started.-How long you stamps?-Since two years ago.A.have, collect B.have, been collecting C.did, collect D.are, collecting.She had a headache because she too long. She ought to shop.A.has been reading B.had read C.is reading D.read4.The boy TV al

19、l the morning.A.has watched B.had watched C.has been watching D.watched5.- have you been learning to swim? -Half a year.A.How long B. How often C.How far D.When6.Our teacher has been teaching in this school for .A.two year and a halfB.two and a half yearC.two years and halfD.two and a half years7.He

20、 it for two hours, and hes still watching now.A.has been watchedB.watchingC.has been watching D.is watching動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)態(tài)和過去分詞川原形過去分詞漢語be動(dòng) 詞 (ABC)amwasbeen是isarewereAB型cancould/能maymight可以；也許；可能shallshould將要；會(huì)；好嗎willwould將要；會(huì)；愿意；要AAA型costcostcost值（多少錢）；花費(fèi)cutcutcut切；剪；削；割hithithit打；撞；擊中hurthurthurt傷害；受傷；傷人感

21、情letletlet讓mustmustmust必須；應(yīng)當(dāng)；必定是putputput放；擺readreadread讀；朗讀setsetset放；安置二shutshutshut關(guān)上；封/禁閉；合攏spreadspreadspread延伸；展開AAB型beatbeatbeaten敲打；擊打；打贏ABA型becomebecamebecome變得；成為comecamecome來；來到runranrun跑/奔跑；（顏色）褪色ABB型bringbroughtbrought拿來；帶來；取來buildbuiltbuilt建筑；建立burnburntburnt燃燒/著火；使燒焦/曬黑buyboughtbought

22、買catchcaughtcaught接/捉住；趕上；染上（疾?。ヽreepcreptcrept爬行（橫向的）digdugdug挖（洞、溝等）；掘dreamdreamtdreamt夢(mèng)；夢(mèng)想feedfedfed喂（養(yǎng)）；飼（養(yǎng)）feelfeltfelt感覺；覺得；摸；觸一fightfoughtfought打架/仗；與打仗findfoundfound找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)；感到getgotgot成為；得到；具有；達(dá)到hanghunghung懸掛；吊著；把吊起have / hashadhad有；吃/喝；進(jìn)行/經(jīng)受hearheardheard聽見；聽說；得知holdheldheld拿/抱；握住；舉行keepkept

23、kept保持；保存；繼續(xù)不斷l(xiāng)aylaidlaid放；擱leadledled領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)learnlearntlearnt學(xué)；學(xué)習(xí)；學(xué)會(huì)leaveleftleft離開；把一留下；剩下lendlentlent借（出）；把借給loselostlost失去；丟失makemademade制造；做；使得meanmeantmeant意思是；意指meetmetmet遇見；見到paypaidpaid付錢；給報(bào)酬saysaidsaid說；講sellsoldsold賣；售sendsentsent打發(fā)；派遣；送；郵寄shineshoneshone發(fā)光；照耀；杰出；擦亮sitsatsat坐sleepsleptslept

24、睡覺smellsmeltsmelt嗅；聞至發(fā)出（氣味）spellspeltspelt拼寫spendspentspent度過；花費(fèi)（錢/時(shí)間）spillspiltspilt溢出；濺出；灑出spitspatspat吐痰；吐唾沫spoilspoiltspoilt糟蹋；損壞；溺愛standstoodstood站；立；起立；/坐落；經(jīng)受；持久stickstuckstuck粘住；釘住；堅(jiān)持sweepsweptswept掃除；掃一teachtaughttaught教書；教telltoldtold告訴；講述；吩咐thinkthoughtthought想；認(rèn)為；考慮understandunderstoodunderstood懂得；明白；理解winwonwon獲勝；贏得windwoundwound蜿蜒bearboreborn生殖