（5）閱讀理解-歷史文化類-2022年高考英語真題模擬試題專項解析

1、（5 ）閱讀理解-歷史文化類2022年高考英語真題模擬試題專項 匯編1.【2022年全國甲卷，閱讀D】Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there-broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally dive

2、rse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate wayshe

3、for a lunch break, I to explore the city.Til miss these old boats, he said as we parted.How do you mean?11 asked.“Oh, theyre replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but theyre not so elegant, and theyre not fun to pilot. But thats progress, I guess.Everywhere in Sydney these days, cha

4、nge and progress are the watchwords（ 口 號），and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the citys official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. Sydney is confused about itself/ she said

5、. We cant seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. Its a conflict that we aren*t getting any better at resolving（解決）On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anth

6、ony. Many people say that we lack culture in this country/1 he told me. What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. Weve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive

7、and dynamism of a young country. Its a pretty hard combination to beat.”He is right, but I can*t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.What is the first paragraph mainly about?Sydney*s striking architecture.The cultural diversity of Sydney.The key to Sydneys development.Sydneys tourist attr

8、actions in the 1960s.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?He goes to work by boat.He looks forward to a new life.He pilots catamarans well.He is attached to the old ferries.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?It is losing its traditions.Tt should speed up its progress.主旨大意題。題干問的是”第五段主要講述

9、了什么？二根據題干可將解題信息定位到文章的第五 段。由第五段內容可知,對語言數(shù)據庫的分析也證實，新石器時代之后，國際語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球 性的變化。第五段主要列出一些可以使研究結果更令人信服的證據。故選A。.觀點態(tài)度題。題干問的是“Steven Moran對人類語音有什么看法?”,根據題干可將解題信息定位到 文章的最后一段。Steven Moran認為：自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們使用的語音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，今天我 們發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語音都是像生物變化和文化進化等事物相互作用的產物。由此可推知,它是一個復雜 的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。.答案:l.D; 2.A;3.B;4.C解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的 B

10、y controlling and directing the secondary roots, they have created strong living bridges with which to cross streams and rivers by themselves.（通過控制和弓I 導次級 根，他們創(chuàng)造了強大的活橋梁，用它自己跨越小溪和河流。）可知，這些橋都是在部落里的村民們 的幫助下“長出來”的。故選D。.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的 the tribespeople use the trunks of a betel nut tree whose middle is got

11、rid of, as a guidance system.（這個部落的人用檳榔樹的樹干，它的中間被去掉了，作為一個引導系統(tǒng)）可 知，在這些橋的形成過程中，檳榔樹的樹干起到了引導樹根橋方向的導向作用。故選A。.推理判斷題。根據第三段的首句 To make a tree grow in a certain direction, the tribespeople use the trunks of a betel nut tree whose middle is got rid of, as a guidance system.（為了 使樹木向一定的方向生 長，該部落用去掉中間的檳榔樹的樹干作為引導

12、系統(tǒng)。）并結合本段的內容可知，該段主要敘述了 這些樹根橋的形成過程。故選B。.細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的 There is even a double decker bridge, known as the Umshiang Double-Decker Root Bridge, which features two bridges grown right on top of each other. It is thought to be the only bridge of its kind.（這里甚至還有一座雙層橋，被稱為烏姆香雙層橋”，它的特點是兩座橋 相互疊在一起。它被認為是同類橋梁中唯

13、一的一座）可知，這座橋的奇特之處在于它的“形狀”與眾 不同，是一座由樹根形成的雙層橋。故選C。.答案：l.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D解析：1 .細節(jié)理解題。從第二段的描述可以知道，1066年以前，英國人主要使用兩種語言一Celtic和 Old Englisho 故選 Co.推理判斷題。從文章第三段的描述可以知道，當時在英國，由于統(tǒng)治者來自法國，凡是政治、法律和 供Normans上層階級吃的食物的名稱都來源于法語。故選A。.推理判斷題。從第四段第一句話When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germ

14、any more foreign, than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does.”可知法語單詞與英語單詞比較相似。故選Co.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，短文介紹了英語的發(fā)展變化之1066年諾曼征服之后，隨著英國政權被 法國人接管，英語因此吸收了許多法語詞匯。所以，法語對英語產生了影響。故選D。.答案：LD;2.A;3.B; 4c解析：1.推理判斷題。根據第一段第三句 For example, A

15、merican Sign Language is unintelligible to British Sign language（例如,美國手語是英國手語無法理解的。）可知，美國手勢語與英國手勢語沒有 什么共同之處。故選D。.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段最后兩句So a manual alpha-bet is kind of a subsystem within a sign language that is used to represent a written language. And there*s a hand shape that corresponds to each letter.”

16、（所以手勢語字母表是手語中的一個子系統(tǒng)用來表示書面語言。每個字母對應一個手的形 狀。）可知，手勢語字母表的特別之處在于它的每個字母都與一種手勢相對應。故選A。.推理判斷題。根據第四段第二句Surprisingly, the Austrian manual alphabet influenced sign languages as far away as Russia.”（令人驚訝的是,奧地利的手語字母表影響了遠在俄羅斯的手語。）可 知，作者認為奧地利手勢語字母表的影響是令人吃驚的。故選Bo4,主旨大意題。根據最后一段內容”future research.in general, evolves（

17、未來對不同手語詞匯的比較研 究可以提供更多線索，了解它們是如何隨著時間變化的。理解手語是如何進化的可以告訴我們很多 關于語言進化的信息。）”可知，本段主要介紹了研究手勢語的意義。故選C。.答案：1-4BDBC解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的By absorbing local rural characteristics, the village branches of the Librairie Avantgarde Bookstore（LAB） chain have transformed into important platforms to display local history,

18、 culture and folk traditions.（先鋒書店（L.AB）連鎖書店的鄉(xiāng)村分店吸收了當?shù)剜l(xiāng)村特色， 成為展示當?shù)貧v史、文化和民俗傳統(tǒng)的重要平臺）”可知，先鋒書店的鄉(xiāng)村分店以當?shù)氐泥l(xiāng)村文化為 特色。故選B。.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的Many of nearly 20,000 books in the store are associated with the history, geography and folk customs of Yunnan and the Bai people.（書店近 2 萬冊書中，有許多與云南和白族 的歷史、地理和民俗有關）”可知，沙溪分店幫助村

19、民更多地了解白族人。故選D。.細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數(shù)第二段的“The biggest benefit of opening bookstores in villages is that it helps provide a healthy environment for childrens growth.（在農村開書店的最大好處是為孩子們提供了一個 健康的成長環(huán)境）”可知，鄉(xiāng)村書店對當?shù)刈畲蟮挠绊懯菫楹⒆觽兲峁┮粋€健康的環(huán)境。故選B。.主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第一段的While some feel that bookstores are fading away, one Chinese boo

20、kstore has found new life by marching into rural areas in China to bring colorful cultural life and higher incomes lo local residents.（雖然有些人覺得書店正在消失，但一家中國書店卻找到了新生 命，它進軍中國農村地區(qū)，為當?shù)鼐用駧砹素S富的文化生活和更高的收入）”可知，本文主要講的 是中國的先鋒書店進軍中國農村地區(qū)，為當?shù)鼐用駧砹素S富的文化生活和更高的收入，也就是 本文主要介紹的是一個促進鄉(xiāng)村生活的書店，因此最好的題目是C選項Village Bookshops

21、Promote Rural Life（鄉(xiāng)村書店促進鄉(xiāng)村生活）故選C。8 .答案：1-4 DAB A解析：1.推理判斷題。根據第五段 few Haida speakers are extremely concerned about the languages future a（為數(shù)不多的說海達語的人非常關心這門語言的未來，對這部電影非常熱情。）可知我們了解 到海達語高度瀕危。故選D。.詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞所在的句子 Their numbers were ravaged by smallpox and other diseases in the 19th （19世紀，他們的數(shù)量因天花和其他疾病而

22、大幅減少。以前的數(shù)萬人口已經下降到今天的 幾千人。）可知劃線詞的意思是“大幅減少”。A.Greatly reduced大幅減少；B.Slightly increased略有 增加；C.Stabilized 穩(wěn)定；D.Determined 下決心。故選 A。.推理判斷題。根據第五段 The few Haida speakers are extremely concerned about the languages future with Haida speakers taking incidental roles, weavers creating the costumes and other

23、craftspeople making props.（為數(shù)不多的說海達語的人非常關心這門語言的未來，對這部電影非常熱情。超過70名當?shù)?人參與制作，海達演講者擔任配角，織工制作服裝，其他工匠制作道具。）可知關于SgaateyKuuna 我們知道的是當?shù)厝藶槠渖a做出貢獻。故選B。.推理判斷題。根據最后一段This film has done something that I dont think Ive ever seen before, using a feature movie as a process of language revitalization. Its a hugely cr

24、eative 也說：”這部 電影做 了一些我以前從未見過的事情，將故事片作為語言復興的過程。這是社區(qū)做出的一個極具創(chuàng)造性 和強大的承諾?！保┛芍R克都靈認為用電影來復興一種語言是一種創(chuàng)新的。故選A。C. It should expand its population.D. It is becoming more international.4. Which statement will the author probably agree with?A city can be young and old at the same time.A city built on ancient cultu

25、res is more dynamic.Modetnity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.2.【2022年全國乙卷，閱讀B】In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.一Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood一traveled to a settlement in the Rocky

26、 Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo, to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unex

27、pected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons,

28、 and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickendens book,

29、 she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牽涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and

30、Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（堅忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glo

31、w all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A.To teach in a school.B.To study American history.C.To write a book.D.To do sightseei

32、ng.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A.They enjoyed much respect.B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A.The extreme climate of Auburn.B.The living conditions in Elkhead.C.T

33、he railroad building in the Rockies.D.The natural beauty of the West.What is the text?B.A book review.D.A diary entry.A.A news report.C.A childrens story.3.【2022年新高考I卷，閱讀D】Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common m and a to the rare clicks of some southern African lang

34、uages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called lab

35、iodentals, such as f and v, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adult

36、s were aligned（對齊）， making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure（結構），making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agric

37、ulture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didn*t grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of

38、 nf t and v increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. nThe set

39、 of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution/1 said Steven Moran, a member of the resear

40、ch team.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasis research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?A. They had fewer upper teeththan lowerteeth.B. They could not open andclose

41、 their lipseasily.C. Their jaws were not convenientlystructured.D. Their lower front teeth werenotlargeenough.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?Supporting evidence for the research results.Potential application of the research findings.A further explanation of the research methods.A reasonable doubt

42、about the research process.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?It is key to effective communication.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.4.【2022年河北張家口模擬，閱讀C】It contributes much to cultural diversity.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.Theyre not the worlds tallest

43、 or longest bridges, but a string of river crossings made from tree roots are engineering wonders that contain lessons for modern architects.The town of Cherrapunji in the Khasi Hills is credited with the world record for annual rainfall of over 75 feet! And in this rainy, wet climate, the rubber fi

44、g tree grows with abandon. The tree has a secondary root system that grows up above the ground floor and lets the tree easily grow on top of big stones and even out in the middle of streams. Long ago, the Khasis, a tribe in Meghalaya region, realized they could make use of these roots to their own a

45、dvantage. By controlling and directing the secondary roots, they have created strong living bridges with which to cross streams and rivers by themselves.To make a tree grow in a certain direction, the tribespeople use the trunks of a betel nut tree, whose middle is got rid of, as a guidance system.

46、The thin, tender roots of the rubber tree are placed so they grow in the direction of the tree trunk rather than fanning out. Eventually, the roots reach the other side of the river and grow into the soil. This process can take well over a decade before the bridge is fully functional and then over t

47、ime the bridge grows and strengthens. Rocks are placed along the bridges sides to improve the footpaths.Some of these bridges are over 100 feet long and can even support the weight of fifty or more people at a time. These bridges are used daily by the people of the villages around Cherrapunji and a

48、few are thought to be more than 500 years old. There is even a double decker bridge, known as the Umshiang Double-Decker Root Bridge1, which features two bridges grown right on top of each other. It is thought to be the only bridge of its kind.What do we know about the bridges in Meghalaya?A.They re

49、semble the fig tree roots.B.They Ye works of modern architectsC.They take a very short time to build.D.Theyre constructed by the villagers.How is a betel nut tree used in building the bridges?A.It plays the role of a guide.B.It bears the weight of the bridge.C.It protects the surface of the bridge.D

50、.It delivers materials across the river.What does the third paragraph mainly describe?A.A complex system.B.A construction process.C.A scientific theory.D.A natural landscape.What makes the Umshiang Double-Decker Root Bridge1 unusual?A.Its history.B.Its material.C.Its shape.D.Its length.【2022年河南高三模擬，

51、閱讀C】If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like Shakespeare,” Samuel Johnson,1 and Webster, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak English William the Conqueror.Before 1066, in the

52、 land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons,

53、 actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic people, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon （or Old English）, a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Normans led by Wi

54、lliam defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English ev

55、en shows a distinction（區(qū)另U）between upper- class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing

56、the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “foreign than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize th

57、at the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one mans ambition.The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066 were.A.Welsh and ScottishB.Nordic and GermanicC.Celtic and Old EnglishD.Anglo-Saxon and

58、Germanic. Which of the following groups of words are, by inference, rooted in French? A.president, lawyer, beefB.president, bread, waterC.bread, field, sheepD.folk, field, cow.Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit to Europe? A.Most advertisements in Franc

59、e appear in English.B.They know little of the history of the English language. C.Many French words are similar to English ones.D.They know French better than German. 4.What is the subject discussed in the text ? A.The history of Great Britain.B.The similarity between English and French.C.The rule of

60、 England by William the Conqueror. D.The French influences on the English language.6.【2022年云南麗江模擬，閱讀C】More than 140 sign languages are used today, primarily by deaf communities around the world. Like spoken languages, each sign language has its own grammar, vocabulary and other special features. For