八年級(jí)下知識(shí)精講精練（綜合）9

1、PAGE PAGE 7（英語(yǔ)提高培訓(xùn)）中考綜合復(fù)習(xí)八年級(jí)下知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講精練（9）1.end up 結(jié)束，結(jié)尾 ； end up doing sthDo you _ this story _ ?你知道這個(gè)故事是怎樣結(jié)尾的嗎?His birthday party _ an English song. A. end up singing B. ended singing C. ended up to sing D. ended up with singing2. have a problem (in)_( do) sth.做某事有問題 =have difficulties (in) doing sth

2、= have trouble (in) doing sth 另外，have fun (in) doing sth=have a good(great) time (in)doing sth These children had fun _ and _ English. A. learn; speak B. to learn; to speak C. learning; speaking D. learnt; spoke She had a great time _in Disneyland. A. play B. plays C. played D. playing3. during the

3、daytime=_the day在白天 4. Neither的其他用法 (1) neither用作形容詞，表示“(兩者)都不”置于單數(shù)名詞之前。 Neither boy_(be) going there.兩個(gè)男孩兒都不打算去那里0 (2) neither用作代詞，表示“兩者都不，雙方均不”。可 單獨(dú)使用，也可以與Of連用。例如: He answered neither of the letters.他兩封信都沒回。 -Which one would you like, coffee or tea? -_. Id like orange juice A. either B. Neither C.

4、 Both (3)neither用作連詞，常用短語(yǔ)為neither nor. . .， 表示“既不也不”。例: Neither Tom nor Mary _(know)how to do the work. 注:neither和nor 后面接同一詞性的單詞或短語(yǔ)。 neither nor結(jié)構(gòu)用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與nor后面的名詞或代詞在人稱及數(shù)上保持一致，即所謂的就近原則。例如: Neither he nor I _(be) right. Neither I nor my mother _noodles. A. like B. likes C. have liked D. has been

5、 liking 在表示“既也”，即“兩者都”時(shí)，常用短語(yǔ)both. . and. . .;表示“或者或者 “”(即二者選一)時(shí)，常用短語(yǔ) either.or. . . Both Jim and Ann _(be) to China before. Either her parents or she _ (have/has) been in China for 2 years. My sister isnt good at English._am I. A. Either B. Too C. Neither D. So David has seen the movie. -_. A. Me, n

6、either B. So do I C. So have I D. Neither do I Would you like to go to the movie? If he does, so _I. A. do B. would C. am D. will If you dont go to the party, _ . A. so do I B. neither do I C. so will I D. neither will IIts difficult for me to decide which one to choose, because _ of them are good.

7、A. neither B. both C. either D. each 5. population “人口” = 1 * GB3 population常與定冠詞the連用，作主語(yǔ)用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如: The population of Chongqing _(be) more than 30，000，000.重慶有三千多萬(wàn)人口。區(qū)別: The number of the students _(be) 2000. A number of students _ (have) already seen this movie. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是表示“人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

8、詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:- About seventy percent(百分之) of the population in China a _(be) farmers .中國(guó)大約有百分之七十的人口是農(nóng)民。 注意區(qū)別： About 50% of the food _(have/has) gone bad.表示人口的“多”或“少” ，不用 “much”或“l(fā)ittle”，而要用“l(fā)arge”或“small”。例如: India has a _ population.印度人口眾多。 Singapore has a_ population.新加坡人口少。 The Population of China i

9、s larger than that of America.中 國(guó)人口比美國(guó)多。 The population of Chongqing is _ than _ Kunming. A. larger, in B. larger. that of C. much more, that in I D. bigger, it is in 問某國(guó)某地有多少人口時(shí)不用 “How much. . ?”，而用“How large.”;在問具體人口時(shí)用。 “What.?”。例如: How large is the population of your hometown?你們家鄉(xiāng)有多少人口? -The popu

10、lation of Canada is about 30,000,000.加拿大的人口大約有三千萬(wàn)。-_ _the population of Canada加拿大的人口有多少? 有時(shí)population可用作可數(shù)名詞，其前可用不定冠詞。例如: China a population _ about 1. 3 billion.中國(guó)大約有十三億人口。 New York is a big city with a population _ over 10 million.紐約是一個(gè)有一千多萬(wàn)人口的大城市。6. 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):分?jǐn)?shù)由分子及分母兩部分構(gòu)成。用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。若分子大于1

11、，則分母的序數(shù)詞后加s。1/2 =one (a) _或one second(one-second) 1/4=one(a) _或one-quarter 舉例如下 二分之一a/one half=one second 三分之一one _ 三分之二two _ 四分之三three _=three quarters 五分之二two _ 十分之九nine _ 在英語(yǔ)中，分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)一定要與分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞取得一致。 如:Two thirds of the students_( were /was)late today. One third of my fathers hair _( is/are

12、) white. A quarter of the students _ (want) to visit the park.Dinner will be ready soon, two thirds of the food _(be) on the table now.7. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)句式是“It + be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that. . .”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是簡(jiǎn)單 句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象是人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用who，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom，其余 一律用that, It was because I could speak English _ I got the job.正

13、是因?yàn)槲視?huì)講英語(yǔ)我才得到了這份工作。（強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句）_was my father who/that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.是我父親昨天晚上在實(shí)驗(yàn)室做實(shí)驗(yàn)。_ was at the gate of the school_ I met Tom.正是在校門口我見到了湯姆。 _ was last week _ I attended an art exhibition for the first time.是上周我才第一次參觀一個(gè)藝術(shù)展覽。 _ was because he was ill _ he didnt come to

14、 school yesterday.正是因?yàn)樗×俗蛱觳艣]來(lái)上學(xué)。 本講語(yǔ)法精析 (一)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 (1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞 have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 常和already“已經(jīng)”，” yet“已經(jīng)，ever“曾經(jīng)”,never“從不” ，just“剛剛”、before “以前” 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 Who has cleaned the door?( The door is so clean now.)(說(shuō)明打掃對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是，門是干凈的。) She has memorized all the phone numbers.( She

15、can tell me Maggies number).(說(shuō)明記憶對(duì) 既在的影響是她記得馬 吉的電話。) I have already read this story-book.(說(shuō)明已經(jīng)對(duì)這本書的內(nèi)容很熟了) Have you ever listened to this song? 你曾經(jīng)聽過這首歌嗎? Have you met Mr Li _? A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago(2)already與yet多與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。ready用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句或一般疑問句。already用于一般疑問句時(shí)，表強(qiáng)烈的的驚語(yǔ)氣. She _

16、already _(do)the cleaning. 她已經(jīng)做完清潔了。 The boy _ _(arrive) yet.這個(gè)男孩還沒到。 _ you_( finish) all the work yet?你已經(jīng)完成所有的工作了嗎? _you swept the floor _?-Yes, I have. A. Have, already B. Do, yet C. Have, yet D. D. did , alreadyHave you ever been to Beijing?_. A. Yes, I did B. No, I have C. No, not yet D. Yes, I

17、do (3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能剛結(jié)束，也可能還會(huì)延續(xù)下去。 此時(shí)常和這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用: = 1 * GB3 Since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)如:since last year, since three years ago, since 1998, since yesterday, since+過去式從句等。since+一段時(shí)間+ago.如: He _ _(watch)TV since yesterday. They _ _(be) ill since they failed the test. = 2 * GB3 for+時(shí)間段如:for two days, for a f

18、ew months等。 Mr Green _ _(teach) in this school for several years. He_ (wake) for ten minutes. I _ this novel for three times. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. was readingIve _ been to the park, because Im so busy every day.ever B. never C. neither D. justMr Brown _by train for about a week. A.

19、has traveled B. travels C. travel D. is traveling = 3 * GB3 表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ) 如:these days，so far, up to now, by now, until now; in the last/past+時(shí)間段等。如: We _ _(look) after the old man in the last 5 years. How many worm _you_( learn) so far?語(yǔ)法專練A 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空(1) _you _(find) your watch yet?(2)Im hungry. Mum.

20、 Hungry? You _ just _ (eat)four hamburgers.(3)1 dont think I _(see) you before.(4)Li Ping and Wu Dong_ ( see) the old man three times.(5) _she ever_ (learn) English?(6)-Are you thirsty? No, I _just _ (have) some orange.(7)Has Tom taught you English? -Yes, he _(teach) us English for two years.(8)The

21、students _ (study) in the middle school since last month.(9) Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.(10)How long _ you _(stay) in China?（二）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用 一般情況下，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞都可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但與for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，在肯定句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;但在否定句中則兩種動(dòng)詞都可以使用。如: His grandpa has died for th

22、ree years.(誤) His grandpa has_ _for three years.(正) I havent received his letter for a long time.(正) (2010) Do you know the boy over there? Sure, I _ him for years. A. knew B. will know C. have known . D. known(2010 .) Rose came to Beijing m 2002. She_ _here for eight years. A. was living B. live C

23、will have D. has livedZhao Lan _ _already _ in this school for two years. A. was, studying B. will, study C. has, studied D. are, studying We _Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have knownD. knewIt _ ten years since he left the army. A. is B has C. will D. was1)常見延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性

24、動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。 borrow-_ = 2 * GB3 leave-_ 爭(zhēng)lose-_ = 4 * GB3 finish-_ fall ill-_ catch a cold-_ a cold get to know _ open-_open die _ dead buy- _ begin-_ on wake-_awake get up _ up become_ return- _ back come- _here go there-_there join-_in/ be a member of 如:Li lei has the bike for two years. A. buy B. have

25、C. had D. bought Be quick! The play _for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. beginMario _ this pair of shoes for about six years. Its too old to wear.A. has boughtB. has had C. boughtMy sister has _a nurse for three years. A. grown B. been C. get D. becomeOh, Jack, your MP4 looks

26、 nice. Is it new? No, I _it since two years ago.A. had B. bought C/ have hadD. have bought How long have you _this book? A. bought B. buy C. hadD. buying 2)He has lived here _ four years. 他住在這里已經(jīng)四年了。 He has lived here _ four years ago.我們還可以用下列句型來(lái)表示: its+time+since+從句。如: _four years _he moved here. =

27、 2 * GB3 time + has passed + since+從句。如: Four years _passed _he moved here. 3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。有具體的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)。如: He _（live） in Chongqing in 2007. (他目前住在哪里并不清楚) He _（live） in Chongqing since 2007. (他目前還住在重慶) Tom _(buy) a blue car.(表明Tom現(xiàn)在仍在使用) T

28、om_(buy) a blue car.(不涉及Tom 現(xiàn)在是否還在使用)Have you read this book? Yes. I _ (read) it two weeks ago.I _ to the amusement park with my parents last Saturday. A. didn t go B. havent gone C. havent beenD. wont go-_you _your homework yet? Yes. I _it a moment ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished

29、C. Have; done; have finished D. will; do; finish-I have been to Guangdong.When _ you _ there? A. have, gone B. did, go C. do, go D. have been I _my classmate in the street yesterday. We _each other since I left school. A. met; didnt see B. had met; hadnt seen C. met; havent seen D. met; hadnt seen另外

30、，since主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。 如:He _( work ) here since the factory opened. They have grown a lot of vegetables since they _ (move) there.*have been to, have been in, have gone to的用法及區(qū)別。 (1)have gone to意為“到某地去”，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一人稱、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。如: -Where is Jim?吉姆在哪里?- -He _ _ to England.他去英國(guó)了。(尚未回來(lái)) Mr W

31、ang isnt here. He _ _ to Qingdao.王先生不在 t里。他去青島了。 (2 )have been to ,為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已不在那里了，后可接次數(shù)，如 once ,twice; three times等，表示“去過某地幾次”，也可和 just, never, ever等連用。如: My father _ _ to Beijing twice.我父親去過北京兩次。 I _ never _ to the Great Wall.我從未去過長(zhǎng)城。I _ never been _ Beijing.我從來(lái)沒有到過北京。 (3)have been in表示“ 在某地呆了多

32、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與時(shí) 間段狀語(yǔ)連用。如: I have _ _ Shanghai for three years.我到上海已有三年了。 He has _ _London for half a month.他在倫敦已有 坐個(gè)日了 *My uncle _ Shanghai on business ( 出差). He_ Shanghai twice. A. has gone to; has been to B. has gone to; has been in C. has been to; has been to D. has been to; has been語(yǔ)法專練 用have gone (to)

33、, have been (to), 或have been (in) 填空1) Where is Jack? He _his country.2)Is your father at home? No, he _ Shanghai.How long _there?-Since last Sunday.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ you _ this village?5) The Smiths_ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _America? Yes, I _ there many time

34、s.7)I _ this school since three years ago.8)Where is Jim? He _the farm.9)-_ you _ the zoo before? -No, I _there.10)Where have you been ? I _ the bedroom. 11) Miss Green isnt in the office. She _to the library. A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been12) Where is John? He _to the library and he _th

35、ere for an hour. A. has been, has been B. has gone, has been C. goes, went D. has been, will be句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1) They have been here since 2000. （劃線） _ _ have they been here? 2) They have planted trees behind their house. （劃線）What_ they _behind their house? 4) Miss Cao left an hour ago. (同義句) Miss Gao_ _ _sin

36、ce an hour ago. 5) He has been to Canada twice. （劃線） _ _ _ _ he been to Canada? 6) The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句) _ two years _the Green family moved to France. 7)I have already cut the meat up. (變否定句)I _ _ the meat up _. 8) He began to work here three years ago. (同義句)=He _her

37、e for three years.=He has worked here _ three years _.=_three years _ he began to work here.=Three years _ _ since he _ to work here. 9). I became a student a year ago. (改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) I _ _ a student _ a year.10). The population of Chongqing is over 30,000,000. (（劃線提問）) _ the _ of Chongqing?11).加已經(jīng)3年了。(漢

38、譯英) .He has been here for three years.12). Mei Shan is a flight attendant. _ _ Mei Shan _ ?13).I have been to Japan. (一般疑問句) _ you _ _ Japan ? Yes, _ _ . No, I _ 南開中考能力訓(xùn)練IV. 閱讀理解。（每小題2分，共30分） 閱讀下列材料，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案，并把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。（A）Wednesday , May 23rdDear Kim ,We arrived at holiday Cove on

39、Monday and we are having lots of fun .It was so boring on the plane . I nearly fell asleep but at least everything went wellnot like last time . Kim AllenWhen we landed we went straight to our camp . 4 Landsdowne ParadeMy cousin Gemma is staying next to us . MILL HILL QLD 4332I am excited because we

40、 are going to visit the crocodile farm tomorrow . Peter is afraid and says he wants to go to the aquarium instead .Tom P.s. We are leaving for Rest Harbor on Friday .51. Who is this postcard sent to ? A. Peter .B. Gemma .C. Kim .D. Tom .52. How did Tom go to Holiday Cove ? A. By plane .B. By ship .C

41、. By car .D. By train .53. Why does Peter want to go to the aquarium instead of the crocodile farm ? A. Because he has visited it before . B. Because he is afraid of crocodiles . C. Because he is interested in dolphins . D. Because he has no tickets to the crocodile farm .（B）When I was told to play

42、for a drama competition , I became nervous . I had never done anything like this before . But after reading Shakespeares Twelfth Night , I was excited about what was to come . The story was great and the sentences were so funny . I wanted to give it a go .I was playing Sir Toby Belch , a very funny

43、old knight（騎士）. I had to remember a lot of sentences and very funny old words . I worked hard in order to act well , like a real knight from the old days . But the most difficult job was to be funny in all my acting . This is quite different from the way I am in real life .“ OK , its time to be a different me now ! ” I said to myself . At first , I couldnt do anything naturally . I didnt know what to do when acting in this silly way . But I always told myself that I was Sir Toby no