英語語法專題復習講義參考模板范本

1、英語語法專題復習講義英語語法專題復習講義10/10英語語法專題復習講義英語語法專題復習講義一、名 詞【要點點撥】可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)構成規(guī)則:1.規(guī)則變化:加-s, -es; 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的去y加ies;把f/ fe變成ves;(1)keys three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes (2) 縮寫,數(shù)字,字母等在后面加s或s都可,如: some VIPs (VIPs); in his 50s / 50s; in

2、 the 1990s / 1990s; There are two ts in the word “l(fā)etter”. 2.不規(guī)則變化:men children feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen等;單復數(shù)形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工廠); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes, metals等表示種類);(3)只有復數(shù)形式:trousers, glasses(眼鏡);remains(遺體/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目錄); goods

3、; customs(海關); arms(武器); (4)復合名詞的復數(shù)形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law(5)表示某國人的復數(shù)形式:A:單復一樣:(Chinese / Japanese) B: 把man變成men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加s (包括Germans, humans)不可數(shù)名詞1.量的表示：用some / a little / much等表示數(shù)量的詞（組）及單位名詞（量詞），用得較多的有piece, article, bottle, head, l

4、oaf, bar等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a bar of chocolate two head of cattle2.不可數(shù)名詞具體化： These games are great successes; The party was a great success.名詞的所有格：1.表示有生命的名詞后加s,

5、如一樣東西為幾人共有，則在最后一個名詞后加s: Jack and Toms room(兩人共有的房間); Jacks and Toms rooms（兩人各自的房間）；表示無生命的名詞的所有格用of表示：the windows of the room;(但表示時間、距離、國家、城市、團體、機構等無生命的名詞后也可加s: Chinas industry; todays paper; ten minutes walk)2.表示“某人家里”“某店鋪”等的名詞所有格后省略所修飾的名詞：at my aunts (house); at the doctors (office); go to the chem

6、ists (shop);3.雙重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such / another / which 等+名詞+of +.s / 名詞性物主代詞（表示“部分”的概念或表示某種感情色彩，如：贊賞、討厭等）；比較：a friend of her mothers她母親的一個朋友（強調(diào)她母親的朋友中的一位，為雙重所有格）a friend of her mother她母親的朋友（強調(diào)兩人間的關系，為of所有格）a picture of his brothe

7、rs(他弟弟的所擁有的照片中的一張，照片上不一定是他本人)a picture of his brother（他弟弟本人的一張照片，照片上就是他本人）名詞作定語修飾名詞：前一個名詞表示后一個名詞的特點、性質(zhì)及用途；(1)一般前面的名詞用單數(shù)形式，復數(shù)加在后面主體名詞上：shoe shop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s); 個別名詞修飾另外一個名詞用復數(shù)形式：sales manager; sports meet; 由man / woman與另一個名詞構成復合名詞兩者都變復數(shù)：men/ women doctors;(2)比較名

8、詞作定語及形容詞作定語的不同意義：a dust bag ( a bag for dust) 裝灰塵的袋子/ a dusty bag布滿灰塵的袋子 a chemical change化學變化(具有化學性質(zhì)的變化)/ a chemistry teacher( a teacher of chemistry)一個化學老師a gold watch 一只金表(表材質(zhì))/ a golden watch一只金黃色的表五.英語中”很多”的表達:只修飾可數(shù)名詞:quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large / small) number of只修飾不可數(shù)名詞:

9、 a great deal of / a great amount of ( great amounts of) 既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of ) / a (large) quantity of / large quantities of【各個擊破】1. No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _of his advertisement.A. standard B. level C. message D. promise2. Wh

10、at do you think of his composition? Much better, but theres still some _for improvement.A. space B. room C. area D. place3. Sometimes doctors make higher _ for their work than they should.A. bills B. charges C. costs D. prices4. The _of a big snake made her frightened, so she sat there still.A. sigh

11、t B. look C. view D. scene5. No _ she fell ill, considering that she had been overworking for years.A. problem B. way C. wonder D. matter6. How is it that you lost your way? When I came to the crossroads, I went the wrong _.A. way B. direction C. distance D. path7. Little Tom asked me for small _ fo

12、r his _, so I gave him _.A. change; ten pennies; ten pence B. changes; ten pennies; ten penceC. change; ten pence; ten pennies D. changes; ten pence; ten pennies8. Will you please tell me _you are talking about?A. which Zhang Yimous film B. which film of Zhang YimouC. which film of Zhang Yimous D. z

13、hang Yimous which film9. The baby broke a _which is made of _just now.A. tea cup; glass B. cup of tea; glass C. teas cup; glasses D. tea cup; glasses10. Look, Mother has just bought three _ and _.A. fruit; lots of vegetables B. fruits; a number of vegetablesC. fruit; a great many of the vegetablesD.

14、 fruits; a great amount of vegetables11. If you get the job youll have to make business _every now and then.A. journeys B. trips C. travels D. voyages12. I listened to his lecture about biology but I missed the key _.A. messages B. sense C. notes D. points13. He is always full of _as though he never

15、 knew tiredness.A. strength B. force C. power D. energy14. There has been a great _ in the number of cars in our city in the past five years.A. increase B. improvement C. result D. effect15. I dont think its my _ that the TV doesnt work. I just turned it off.A. mistake B. fault C. duty D. error16. W

16、hats the _ of this pair of shoes? 500 yuan. Oh, its really too expensive. But its comfortable, so I think its good _ for money.A. cost; value B. price; value C. price; cost D. cost; price17. How did you like the _of the interpreter(口譯員)at the conference on TV? A. performance B. achievement C. materi

17、al D. words18. She is not in good _for such heavy work.A. state B. condition C. position D. situation19. Its bad _ for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.A. manners B. action C. movement D. manner20. Johnson is an honest businessman. Our company and his has had a lot of _ i

18、n the past few years.A. agreements B. sales C. deals D. bargains主謂一致 【要點點撥】英語句子中謂語動詞的數(shù)必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)取得一致，這就叫做主謂一致。解決主謂一致主要遵循三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。1：either neither each one the other another anybody anyone anything somebody someone something everythingeverybody everyoneno one nothingnobody 做主語時，謂語一般用

19、單數(shù)。Neither of the two sentences is correctEverything around us is matter(注意：none neither, allany作主語時，謂語可用單數(shù)，也可用復數(shù)，具體取決于說話人的意思。)None of them owns/own a carNeither of the boys are / is interested in geography.All are here. And all that can be done has been done.2 ：表示“時間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積”等度量的名詞做主語時，謂語

20、用單數(shù)。Five minutes is enoughFour hundred francs is a lot of money3：each and each ，every and everyno and nomany a and many a 等結(jié)構由于強調(diào)個體行為，因此謂語動詞使用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary.No sound and no voice is heard for a long time.4：從句、不定式、動名詞或短語作主語時謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式。To say somethi

21、ng is one thing to do it is another（to say something to do 是不定式） “How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting（How do you do?是句子，作主語） (注意：what 引導主語從句時應注意其所指的具體內(nèi)容來確定謂語的單復數(shù)。)What we need is more timewhile what they need are more doctors and medicines.5：one and a half 后面帶名詞的復數(shù)，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。One and half

22、 bananas is left on the table6：用and 連接的兩個名詞表示單一概念時謂語動詞使用單數(shù)。The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month.Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.7 ：有些名詞呈復數(shù)形式，但并不表示復數(shù)概念。The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city.8：名詞由and 或both and 連接主語時，謂語動詞使

23、用復數(shù)形式。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop9：people public police cattle 做主語時，謂語動詞習慣上使用復數(shù)。The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news.考點10：表示成雙、成套的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞使用復數(shù)。Your trousers are too long, but these shoes fit you quite well.但有a pair of 連接時，謂語動詞使用單數(shù)。A pair of g

24、loves is a nice present for her.11: 不可數(shù)名詞作主語，但前面有表示數(shù)量的復數(shù)名詞修飾時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Three million tons of oil are exploited every year in the oil field.12: 在or either or neither nor not only but also not but there be 等結(jié)構中，采取就近原則，即謂語動詞使用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)取決于最靠近的主語的單復數(shù)。Either the teacher or the students are to blame.Not only t

25、he students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.考點13: 下列結(jié)構用于引起一個附加的成分，謂語動詞的形式應不受附加成分的影響而于前面的主語取得一致: as well as rather than like except besides with along with including such as; No one but Jack and Mary knows about it.I as well as they am ready to help you.考點14：some of plenty of a lot of mos

26、t of the rest of all(of ) half (of );分數(shù)或百分之+of +名詞做主語時，以名詞的單復數(shù)為準。A lot of students are waiting outside. And lots of the time has been wasted.More than 70% of the earths surface is covered by water.Ten percent of the apples are bad.The rest of the story needs no telling.He stayed at home and the rest

27、 of the boys were out at play.15：由a kind of this kind of many kinds of 和名詞+ of this kind 等以及與kind 意思相近的type sort 等構成的類似的短語做主語時，謂語動詞與of 前的名詞取得一致。This kind of apple sells well in China.Apples of this kind are highly priced.16：more than 開頭的句子，看其后面的名詞。More than one answer is written on the blackboard.Mo

28、re than two hundred soldiers were killed in the battle.17: 定語從句中謂語動詞的形式與先行詞一致，但one of +復數(shù)名詞+who/ that 引導的定語從句的謂語動詞的形式看one 的前面是否有the (only )等修飾語，有為單數(shù)，無為復數(shù)。This is one of the best books that have appeared this year.She is the only one of those women who doesnt know a thing about knitting(編織)18: popula

29、tion; company class team family group nation world government 等詞做主語時，如果強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞使用單數(shù)；如果強調(diào)組成成員，謂語動詞使用復數(shù)。Our family has a reunion every year.His family are waiting for him.19 ：the +形容詞，表示一類人，謂語動詞用復數(shù);若指單數(shù)，則用單數(shù)謂語動詞。The rich are for the plan but the poor are against itThe true is to be distinguished from

30、 the false.真實應與假相區(qū)別。(the true / the false表單數(shù)概念)20：a number of + 復數(shù)名詞 結(jié)構應用復數(shù)動詞。the number of + 復數(shù)名詞 結(jié)構應用單數(shù)動詞。如：A number of people were killed and injured in the explosion.The number of people who were killed in the tsunami(海嘯) has grown to 160,000. 注：“many a + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)?！靖鱾€擊破】1.Have you hea

31、rd that Tian Liang, along with his parents, _ to Canada?Really? No wonder I havent seen him these days.A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone2. Over three-quarter of the city _ destroyed in the Iraq Waris B. are C. were D. was 3. This kind of stories _ instructive while stories of that ki

32、nd _ harmful to childrenis seems B. are seem C. is seem D. are seems 4. Everybody in our hometown men and women young and old _ sports and gamesare fond of B. joins C. enjoys D. go in for 5. The Whites family which _ rather a large one _ very fond of their housewere were B. was were C. were; was D.

33、was was6. Not his son but his two daughters _ to Canada never to be seen againA. has gone B. have gone C. has been D. have been 7. When the injured _ to the hospital, they came to _.was rushed life B. were rushed life C. rushed lives D. were rushed lives 8. Despite much research there are still cert

34、ain elements in the life cycle of the insect that _ not fully understoodA. are B. were C. is D. was 9. _ visitors to Hong Kong were asked by newspaper reporters what their impressions of the people were.The number of B. A numbers of C. Numbers of D. Any numbers of 10. Though small the ant is as much

35、 as a creature as _ all other animals on earthare B. is C. do D. have 11. Between the two rows of trees _ the teaching buildingA. have B. has C. stands D. are 12. Every possible means _ tried but without much resulthave been B. had C. has D. has been 13. The rest of the story _ no telling Half of th

36、e students _ no interest in itneed has B. needs have C. needs has D. need have 14. John and Mary, _ sure to come to our party this evening.A. be B. are C. is D. to be15. This is the only one of the books on the subject _ ever been written in Englishthat has B. which have C. that have D. which is 16.

37、 Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _ to visit the museum_ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.are, are B. is is C. are, is D. is are17. A great many people_ present at the meeting But many a man _ late for the meeting because of the traffic jamA. are; are B.

38、 is; is C. were; was D. was are 18. He is the only one of the children who often _ ill of others behind their backshave spoken B. were speaking C. speaks D. speak 19. Its I who _ the Christmas gift to youA. has sent B. have sent C. is going to fetch D. are going to fetch 20. What were your problems

39、a year ago _ mine nowA. has become B. have become C. becomes D. became 二、介 詞 【要點點撥】復習時要把握三點：A. 要注意理解情景意義：同一介詞可表達多種意義，同一場合意義不同則介詞不同。He hasnt come for a month(for 持續(xù)時間)The day is warm for April（for 就而言）B. 要突破幾個關鍵介詞in on at with by from of to for1 表示時間的：at; in on since from to after within during throu

40、ghout towards over by till2 表示穿越的:through across over 3表示地理位置的：in on; to4 表示原因、目的的：forwith from5. 表示關于的:about concerning regarding with regard to as foras to6. 表示根據(jù)：on according to7. in the corneron the corner at the corner 的區(qū)別8between 和among 9besidesexcept butexcept for 10in 和with C. 要注意介詞搭配，集中歸納，反

41、復練習。1. 固定與to 構成搭配的名詞：key answer visit apology introductionnote etc.2. 與on 有關的：mercy congratulations 3. 與at有關的：angry good bad clever terrified surprised4. 與of 有關的：afraid sure full tired fond proud worthy certain5. 與with 有關的：angry strict careful busy poplar6. 與to 有關的：next, good polite kind cruel rude

42、known anxious married close near similar, due7. 與for 有關的：sorry good free fit unfit eager, anxious hungry8. 與from 有關的：far different free, safe absent tired【各個擊破】1. What do you want _ those old boxes ? To put things in when I move to the new flatA. by B. for C. of D. with 2. Luckily the bullet narrowl

43、y missed the captain _ an inchA. by B. at C. to D. from 3. The train leaves at 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _ 5:30 pm.A. until B. after C. by D. around 4. The little boy was quite alone in the world _ an aunt in the United StatesA. except for B. except C. besides D. except that 5._ his gre

44、at surprise his shop was robbed _ computersA. To of B. For of C. From with D. To with 6. We offered him our congratulations _ his passing the driving testA. at B. for C. of D. on 7. Einsteins special theory of relativity is quite _ meA. for B. beyond C. to D. against 8. How much did you pay _ the ti

45、ckets _ tonights New Year Concert?A. for; for B. for to C. for of D. to for 9. He has been caught _ the rain and is wet _ skinA. by to B. in to C. in through D. with in 10. How long have you been like this? _ last FridayA. From B. Since C. In D. After 11. Besides being able to walk on for three days

46、 without drinking camels can also live for a long time _ small quantities of foodA. with B. on C. by D. without 12. Im sorry its _ my power to make a final decision on the projectA. over B. above C. off D. beyond 13. Did you lose the match ?Yes we lost the match _ one goalA. by B. at C. with D. only

47、 14. The study you have been making _ the living things in the ocean is an instructive jobA. to B. for C. of D. from 15. I felt it rather difficult to take a stand _ the opinion of the majorityA. to B. by C. in D. against 16. Your daughter is tall enough _ her age. Yes. I was much _ when I was her a

48、ge.A. for taller B. at taller C. at shorter D. for shorter 17.When will the game begin ? It will begin later than usual _ ten minutesA. in B. on C. by D. at 18.Is your grandma still with you ? No She still prefers to live in the countryside _ all its disadvantagesA. for B. except C. with D. to 19.Le

49、ts keep in touch You can reach me _ this numberA. at B. on C. from D. in 20.Miss Li Jack is ill so he cant come to schoolThen well begin our class _ himA. except for B. apart from C. except D. without 21.Its so noisy upstairsPeter better go and see what they have been up _.OK A. to B. in C. with D.

50、for 22.Whats your favorite sport?Jogging I run _ the river every morningA. around B. on C. along D. in 23._ running learning English needs willA. As with B. As to C. As for D. As if 24._ left before the deadline it doesnt seem likely that he will finish the jobA. Though such a short time B. Because

51、such a short time C. With such a short time D. As such a short time 25. He reminded me _ the time _ the meetingA. at at B of; of C. in in D. at in 26. The sun will rise _ about a quarter of an hourA. on B. in C. after D. at 27. Liu Xiangs parents were overjoyed and burst _ tears _ the news of their

52、sons victory in the Olympic GamesA. into at B. out for C. forth on D. to after 28. Hellen used to be a shy girl but she has grown _ it now.A. without B. over C. away D. out of 29.This is the Audi car _ she came hereA. by which B. by that C. in which D. with which 30. My house is _ a stones throw fro

53、m school so I often go to school _ footA. within on B. to by C. on on D. of with 31. We went on a picnic _ the heavy rainA. although B. in spite of C. because of D. for 32. Can I borrow some money from you ? Youre already in debt _ me for sixty dollarsA. to B. for C. from D. by 33.His best -known wo

54、rk that is _ all praise can be seen in the museumA. without B. beyond C. with D. within 34.He likes his coffee with sugar I like mine _.A. not B. of no C. none D. without 35. Without a thorough grasp _biology a student cannot hope to study medicineA. in B. for C. of D. with 36.We decided to climb th

55、e mountain but _ second thought realized that it was too dangerousA. after B. on C. in D. at 37._ success I dont mean what is usually thought of when that word is usedA. In B. By C. With D. For 38.Mr. Smith apologized _ the children _ the lady _ what they had doneA. for to to B. for to for C. to to

56、for D. to for for 39.We live _ a small river that flows _ the ThamesA. in into B. on into C. at onto D. in; onto 40._ curiosity I went to the customer service counter and asked whyBeyond B. Besides C. Apart from D. Out of 41. Mr. Johnson goes to work very early in the morning and goes on working unt

57、il late in the afternoon _ a break at middayA. with B. for C. as D. through 42.The manned spacecraft “Shenhou V”,_ China greets the 21st century marks new progress in the centurys space program.for which B. from which C. in which D. with which 43. He might have been killed _ the arrival of the polic

58、eexcept for B. apart from C. but for D. in spite of 44. Isnt _ rude _ him to talk to his mother like that ?A. that for B. that of C. it for D. it of 45.Theory is based on practice and _ turn serves practiceA. on B. in C. by D. at三、代 詞 【要點點撥】1、在定語從句中，當先行詞是代詞he / she / those / anyone等時，從句的引導詞指人時用who,

59、指物時用that。 e.g. Those who know the answer can go on with the other exercises. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Anything that benefits the people will be accepted.2、all ( both, every, each) not = not all ( both, every, each) 構成部分否定，他們的全部否定分別是：none, neither, no one ( nothing)e.g.

60、 Not all the students could understand his explanation. Each child can not go to school in the mountain village.3、 含有else的所有格有以下幾種表示法：somebody elses, anybody elses, nobody elses who elses = whose else4、定代詞作主語，代詞可用：it（指物） 、he（指人） 、they（指人、物）e.g. Everyone knows how to do it, doesnt he/ dont they?all 作