蒙大英語國家-英國概況擴展課件05 British family

1、ContentsWarm up1Language study2Detailed study3Extension 4Part Two British familiesWarm-Up Discuss the Following Questions1.How do you think about “nuclear family”? 2，The British marriage has been based on monogamy, how about Chinese marriage?Patriotism n. 愛國主義，愛國精神Language StudyCustodian n. 監(jiān)護人，看守人C

2、hastise v. 懲罰，懲戒Extravagant adj. 奢侈的Valid adj. 有效地Subsidize v. 補助，資助Cocktail party 雞尾酒會Breadwinner n. 養(yǎng)家糊口的人Influenced by Christianity, British people attaches the utmost importance to family life and the upbringing of children.The English family is called nuclear family-husband and wife with their

3、unmarried children. The British marriage has always been based on monogamy without exception.The contract was considered holy and could only be terminated by death. They believed that the bond of marriage was stronger than any previous family bonds.The law protects communication between husband and

4、wife as confidential, and they have the right not to tell anyone.Due to the influence of the religious stories about Virgin Mary and the birth of Jesus Christ, women and children were given special protection in times of war and natural disaster.Detailed StudyBritish families were patriarchal in str

5、ucture. A married woman had to take her husbands surname, and her legal existence was suspended during marriage in history.Today a married woman still take her husband surname and both of them have equal rights and obligations.Parents are the legal as well as natural guardians of their children. The

6、y could reasonably chastise the children, such as smacking, but the law does not allow parents to chastise their children excessively.Detailed StudyParents must provide for their children such necessities of life as food, clothing, shelter, education, and medical care.The English law does not requir

7、e sons and daughters to provide for their parents even if their parents are too old to look after themselves. That not mean that the English values concept rejects filial piety, they just regards it as the duty of society to help elderly people who need help. Detailed StudyEverything related with fa

8、mily life included family meal , is regarded as privacy in Britain.British people like drink tea. Afternoon tea is an important component of the English way of life, but different classes has different routines. British people are not heavy drinkers and alcoholic beverages may only be sold in licens

9、ed hotels, pubs, or wine merchants.Detailed StudyThe First World War caused great changes in British society.Women got paid jobs because men were drafted as solders and this led to change in womens social status.With the growth of their income, women feel they are entitled to more personal gratifica

10、tion through marriage and family life and if unsatisfied, they choose divorce. So the size of British families continues to shrink and the birth rate falls.Detailed StudyNotes Nuclear family：In British, a family that consists of father, mother and their unmarried children, when it is thought of as a

11、 unit in society. (核心家庭，小家庭)Monogamy：The fact or custom of being married to only one person at a particular time. (一夫一妻制)Afternoon tea：It is an important component of the English way of life, but different classes have different routines . (下午茶) Working-class people have a “high tea” with hot dishes

12、 at about 5 pm. Middle-class people have a “l(fā)ight tea” at about 4 or 5 pm. Notes The Sex Discrimination Act：The act of 1975 outlawed discrimination between men and women in employment and education. With the development of new industries, women gained more employment opportunities and with the growt

13、h of their income, women feel theyre entitled to more personal gratification through marriage and family life. (性別歧視法案)The Family Allowances program：A way that the government makes weekly financial payments to parents to subsidize the cost of rising their children. The purpose is to maintain proper

14、growth of population and help families with children. (家庭津貼計劃)Extension 根據(jù)基督教福音書，耶穌是伯利恒的圣母瑪利亞受圣靈感孕后生下的，瑪利亞和丈夫約瑟當時正在去羅馬人口普查注冊的路上。耶穌的出生在信徒看來是猶太教預(yù)言中的彌賽亞將要到來計劃的實現(xiàn)，因為伯利恒是約瑟祖先大衛(wèi)一族的家。圣誕節(jié)也是西方世界以及其他很多地區(qū)的公共假日。其中包括像日本，香港這樣的亞洲國家和地區(qū)。但耶穌確切的出生日期是存在爭議的。 路加描述說，瑪麗婭年幼時收到天使加百列的消息，身為處女的她藉由圣靈受孕。當時羅馬皇帝奧古斯都有下旨，叫天下人民各歸各城人口普

15、查，于是她和丈夫約瑟離開在加利利的拿撒勒城上猶太去,這是居里扭作敘利亞總督之后，頭一次報名上冊，途中他們經(jīng)過約瑟祖先大衛(wèi)生活的伯利恒城，在伯利恒因為在鄉(xiāng)村旅店已經(jīng)沒有空房，他們只好寄宿在旅舍外面，瑪利亞在那兒的馬廄里生下了耶穌，這里的馬廄根據(jù)圣經(jīng)版本不同而不同，但通常是一個喂食槽或是個畜欄?；匠錾诓悖闶羌s瑟祖先大衛(wèi)王的家，這就實現(xiàn)了以色列的預(yù)言。后來耶穌家逃到埃及是為了逃避憤怒的大希律王的追殺，因為希律王聽說了在伯利恒出生一個新的猶太王。當希律王死后，新的猶太王繼位，他并不認識耶穌和他的父母，因此耶穌的生命就沒有了威脅，這樣耶穌和家人返回了以色列，他們定居在拿撒勒。Virgin

16、Mary 與天主教在天主教會中，人們對圣母瑪利亞的敬禮特別隆重，對她的祈求特別熱切。圣母瑪利亞在信徒的心目中是一位“天上的母親”。從圣經(jīng)上看，與基督的救世事業(yè)發(fā)生密切聯(lián)系的除了宗徒之外，便是瑪利亞了。由于瑪利亞這層關(guān)系，救贖便具有了某種屬于女性的視角。教會關(guān)于圣母瑪利亞的教義與教會關(guān)于基督、關(guān)于救贖的教義密切相關(guān)，在神學(xué)上形成瑪利亞學(xué)。教會對圣母的其他認識，如無染原罪受孕、終生不犯本罪、卒世童貞、榮升天堂等等都源自圣母瑪利亞是天主之母這個信念。根據(jù)新約的記載，教會認為瑪利亞在基督的救世事業(yè)中所起的獨一無二的配合作用，使圣母能夠成為恩寵的中保。也就是說，天主因耶穌的救世之功而賜給人們的恩寵或直接

17、或間接地要通過瑪利亞而分施給人們。教會為此認為，唯有通過瑪利亞，人們才能分享天主的恩寵。這正如通過圣子才能到達圣父那樣，唯有經(jīng)過他的母親，人們才能到達圣子。另外，教會關(guān)于圣母瑪利亞的重要教導(dǎo)還有圣母肉身靈魂同時榮升天國。關(guān)于圣母升天，教會認為人們不應(yīng)作任何神化意義上的解釋，而應(yīng)該認為，這是人們分享基督戰(zhàn)勝罪惡之實在的保證，是信徒通過信和愛而參與基督救贖工程的確實保證。每年的八月十五日，天主教會都要隆重慶祝圣母升天。耶穌是基督教信仰的救世主，基督教的創(chuàng)始人。其稱號基督為希伯來文彌賽亞（意為受膏者，原指上帝派來拯救以色列的救世主）之希臘文譯音。根據(jù)新約四福音書的記載，耶穌是上帝之子，由童貞女瑪麗亞

18、受圣靈感孕，生于伯利恒城客店的馬廄之中。耶穌成年后從施洗約翰受洗，并經(jīng)受了40天的考驗，后開始在猶太各地和巴勒斯坦的加利利傳教。他率領(lǐng)其12個門徒一方面宣傳天國將臨、悔改得救的福音，一方面治病救人，扶危助困。其教義宣揚“愛上帝愛鄰人”、“愛人如己”，并抨擊了當時的當權(quán)者和猶太教的某些戒規(guī)，因而遭到猶太教上層分子的忌恨。在逾越節(jié)前夕，被其門徒之一猶大所出賣，以“誘惑國民”和“僭稱猶太人之王”的罪名，被釘死在十字架上。死后第三日復(fù)活，并顯現(xiàn)于眾門徒中，第40日升天。關(guān)于耶穌其人的歷史性問題，曾經(jīng)引起學(xué)術(shù)界的爭議。歷史實證主義者力圖剔除早期教會傳說的信仰成分，要求返回有關(guān)耶穌的原始事實。而許多神學(xué)家

19、如利奇爾等則認為不能把歷史上的耶穌與信仰中的基督分開。從公元1世紀猶太史學(xué)家約瑟弗斯的猶太古史和古羅馬史學(xué)家塔西陀的編年史中，都可以找到關(guān)于耶穌的一些資料，這些資料間接地說明了歷史上的確出現(xiàn)過耶穌其人。Assignment一.Fill the blanks.1.Traditionally, the British culture has been characterized by its requirements of decency and civility. 2.When English economy was based on agriculture, English people we

20、re divided into the upper class, the middle class and the working class.3.The upper landed class/the nobility/aristocracy/ were once the ruling class set the tone for the whole society and continued to play key roles in the House of Lords even after the founding of Parliament.4.Today , the British middle class accounts for over 60% of the total population.5.Primogeniture limited the growth of the English noble class in size.Assignment二.True or False 1.According to British tradition, the bond of marriage is stronger than any previous family bonds. (T)2.Under