Unit4Grammarandusage-Assessment詞匯課件-高中英語牛津譯林版必修第二冊

1、單詞課堂版本：新譯林 單元：必修二 Unit 4（Grammar and usage Assessment）本單元詞匯梳理1. ought to：詞塊：ought (not) to do sth, ought to have done2. particular：詞塊：in particular, be particular about / over3. topic：同義詞：theme；詞塊：a hot / sensitive topic, on topic4. collection：collect + -tion 詞塊：a collection of short stories, a stam

2、p collection 詞族：collect, collection, collector5. section：sect (cut) + -ion；熟詞生義 ：版塊6. mean：同形異義詞： 動詞源自于-men詞根 (think)，同根詞mind 形容詞詞源同common，詞源義“共有的”，引申為“平庸的”，后詞義貶義化，演變?yōu)椤傲邌莸摹⑿獾摹?詞塊：mean to do, be meant to be 注意與means的區(qū)別：means是名詞 7. transport：trans- (into another place) + -port- (to carry 運輸、攜帶) 詞塊：pu

3、blic transport8. generosity：來自generous gener- (birth, produce 產(chǎn)生) + -ous (不斷) 產(chǎn)生 慷慨的；豐富的9. chapter：隱喻：具體的“篇章” 抽象的“（歷史或人生的）重要篇章”10. poetry：詞族：poem, poet, poetry11. stage：隱喻：具體的“舞臺” 抽象時間的“舞臺”(時期；階段) 詞塊：on stage, set the stage for12. extremely：extreme + -ly 英語釋義：more than very13. destroy：de- (down 向下)

4、+ struere (build 建，同structure) 破壞建筑的結構 毀壞；精準的漢語釋義“毀壞” 14. defeat：de- (un-, not) + facere (to do, perform 做) ，“做”的相反面就是“毀滅”，引申為“打敗”15. attempt：n 詞塊：in an attempt to do sth, make an attempt to do sth, at the first attempt v 詞塊：attempt to do sth = try to do sth16. straighten：straight（直的）+ -en（使役動詞詞綴“使變

5、成”）17. accomplish：近義詞：achieve 派生詞：accomplishment 詞塊：accomplish the task18. confused：confuse + -ed (分詞形容詞) 注意與confusing的區(qū)別19. flash：詞源：擬聲詞，模仿物體或火把快速閃過的聲音 一詞多義：基本義“閃” 詞塊：a flash of lightning / inspiration / anger; in / like a flash 熟詞生義：閃現(xiàn)；突然想到；閃光燈隱喻英語釋義attempt使役動詞后綴重難點詞精講同形異義詞形容詞動詞化defeat搭配義damage, d

6、estroy,ruin精準的漢語釋義辨析義辨析damage, destroy, ruindamage和destroy可謂是形影不離的好朋友，想表達“遭到破壞”到底用哪個詞才對呢？我們先來看一篇學生習作。 U 損害；損壞；損失 harm or injury causedwhen sth is broken or spoiled： He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage. do / cause damage toThe problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home

7、over the years. 2008 全國 C 復數(shù) 損害賠償金：He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000.damage n 損害；損壞：(名詞動化）Dont damage your health for a good figure. 側重 “損”，可修復damage vt 毀壞；摧毀；毀掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists：The building was completely destroyed by fire.destroy vt 消

8、滅；殺死：The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.側重 “毀”，無法修復destroy = de- (down) + struere (build) 破壞一棟建筑的結構意味著毀掉這棟建筑“被雨水毀了的頭發(fā)”，用哪個詞呢？The rain ruined my hair. 頭發(fā)還在，只是“美好的發(fā)型”被毀了。在這里，理解英語釋義也很重要。 destroy: to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists ruin: to damage sth

9、so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc. 糟蹋；(完全地) 毀壞 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.：Dont let a small disagreement ruin your friendship. 使破產(chǎn) to make sb lose all his / her money：If she loses the court case it will ruin her. n U 毀滅；破產(chǎn)：the ruin of civiliza

10、tion financial ruin C 常用復數(shù) 廢墟；遺跡；殘余：the ruins of Rome ruin vtin ruins 成廢墟；嚴重受損：In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 小結運用精準的漢語釋義和英語釋義區(qū)分damage, destroy和ruin。 damage 的名詞和動詞都側重“損”，表示可修復，常和badly、seriously等副詞搭配； destroy 側重“毀”，表示不可修復，不復存在，常和completely、entirely等副詞搭配； ruin 側重“毀壞”，使美好的事物失去用途

11、或優(yōu)良特性，盡管此物仍然存在。頭發(fā)經(jīng)常燙、染，容易損傷（damage）頭發(fā)，需要做護理修復。燙壞、燙焦，頭發(fā)就毀（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做個美美的發(fā)型出門，遇到大雨，頭發(fā)還在，但發(fā)型被毀（ruin）了。defeat挫敗并不是最糟糕的失敗，不去嘗試才是真正的失敗。defeatvt 擊?。粦?zhàn)勝 (beat)：defeat an enemy Our team was narrowly defeated in the final. 使（計劃、希望等）落空；使受挫 to stop sth from being successful：Dont let your arms relax as tha

12、t would defeat the object / purpose of the exercise. n C & U 擊?。粦?zhàn)?。皇。簊uffer a defeat admit / accept defeat de- (un-, not) + facere (to do, perform 做) ，“做”的相反面就是“毀滅”，引申為“打敗”。根據(jù)所給提示，用適當?shù)脑~塊完成句子。Body language is particularly important when we_（試圖）communicate across cultures.（2012 全國）attempt to try to a

13、ttemptattemptn C & U 試圖；嘗試；努力 (try)：All attempts by the experts to cure him failed. The town is banning plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment. The team made an attempt to climb / at climbing the mountain. He made no attempt to hide his feelings. vt 試圖；嘗試；企圖 to try to do sth, especially

14、sth difficult：He did not attempt the last question in the examination.attempt to do sth:Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. 2019 全國【詞匯拓展】attempted adj 只用于名詞前 企圖的；未遂的：attempted murder / robbery使役動詞后綴使役動詞后綴-(i)fy-enclassify 分類 / 歸類 beautify 美化 c

15、larify 使清晰 signify 表示 / 表達 qualify 使合格 testify（尤指出庭）作證 / 證明 simplify 簡化 identify 確認 / 找出 / 認出lengthen （使）變長 strengthen 加強 / 增強 straighten （使）變直sharpen （使）變得鋒利 weaken （使）衰弱 lessen 減少 broaden 變寬；增長使役動詞后綴 -(i)fy 通常加在形容詞和名詞后構成動詞，意為“使得 (make)” “使變成 (make into)”。 使役動詞后綴 -en 可加在形容詞和名詞后構成動詞，意為“使”“使成為”“使變得”(

16、make or become)。 同形異義詞寫出下列句子中畫線單詞的詞性及漢語釋義。1. What does “youre so mean” mean? _ _ 2. The farmer didnt feel well after drinking the water in the well. _ _3. The boy was lying on the bed. He began to regret lying to his mother. _ _4. The man holds an important post in the company. He likes to post his

17、selfie（自拍）online every day. _ _5. In one of the theft cases, a brown case was stolen from an elderly woman. _ _adj 吝嗇的 / 刻薄的 v 意思是同形異義詞指拼寫相同，但意義不同的詞。常見的同形異義詞有mean, well, post, case等。學習時要注意同形異義詞與多義詞的區(qū)別：同形異義詞各源自不同的詞，而多義詞的詞源是同一個詞。多義詞的釋義之間有聯(lián)系，而同形異義詞的釋義之間無聯(lián)系。adj（身體）好的 n 井v 躺 v 說謊n 職位 v 發(fā)布n 案件 n 箱子 / 盒子閱讀

18、下列句子，體會中畫線單詞的意思并完成下頁表格。1. At last the man made the right decision and managed to right the plane.2. Shes really slimmed down over the last few months. Now she is tall and slim.3. In this game, ten red cards equal a yellow one; five yellow cards are equal to a blue one.4. They built a high fence（圍欄）t

19、o secure the house against attack. Now they feel safe and secure.5. Welcome to join our club in an attempt to better yourselves, the faster the better.6. My mum was busy in the kitchen. She busied herself with the preparations for the party recently.7. Keep cool! I think we all should wait until tem

20、pers（怒火）have cooled.8. Dont sit on the dirty floor you might dirty your trousers. 形容詞動詞化單詞adjvright正確的使回正常位置slim 苗條的（靠節(jié)食）變苗條 / 減肥equal相等的secure安全的better 更好的 busy忙碌的cool冷靜的冷靜下來 / 鎮(zhèn)靜下來 dirty臟的形容詞動詞化使安全 / 保護等于 / 相當于提高 / 改善使忙碌弄臟 英語中有很多形容詞可轉化為動詞，常表示具有該形容詞意義的動作。 英語中的metaphor（隱喻）來源于希臘語metaphora，該詞由meta- (o

21、ver) 和pherein (to carry) 合成，合起來意思是to carry over（拿過來）。因此，隱喻的本質(zhì)是用一種事物來理解另一種事物，并且多是參照熟悉的、有形的、具體的事物來認識和表達無形的、抽象的事物。隱喻是一種思維方式，無處不在，它是多義詞產(chǎn)生詞義的主要理據(jù)。建立隱喻思維能更好地理解和掌握由基本義到衍生義這一思維。隱喻 metaphor隱喻典型詞單詞基本義比喻義chapter（文章、書等的）章節(jié) gap 間隔缺口stage舞臺pressure（下壓產(chǎn)生的）壓力（精神上的、外界施加的）壓力destroy 殺死 target靶子目標（歷史或人生的）重要篇章時期毀壞隨堂檢測1.

22、 The bus was badly _ when it hit the wall. 2. The building was completely _ by fire.3. It poured with rain and my dress got _ 4. This illness has _ my life.5. Ninety percent of their island was _ and they had nothing. (2012 山東)6. The homeless shelter (收容所) was entirely _ in the huge earthquake. 一、選擇

23、適當?shù)膯卧~填空。damageddestroyedruinedruineddestroyeddestroyeddamage, destroy, ruinruin damage destroy1. The bad weather _(毀了我們的旅行). 2. Too much packaging is _ (對造成嚴重損壞) the environment. (2010 山東) 3. A number of paintings in this castle are believed to _ (被毀掉) in a fire in 2009. (2011 湖北)二、根據(jù)所給漢語提示完成下列句子。 doing / causing serious damage to have been destroyed ruined our trip寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. Six months after suffering our defeat on the spring practic