湖南省長沙市2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語上學(xué)期入學(xué)考試試卷【含答案】

1、長沙市2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期入學(xué)考試英語試題（滿分100分，時量75分鐘）第一部分閱讀理解（共三節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASpring is just around the corner, but if you are tired of sunflowers, tulips (郁金香) and other standard gardens, why not head to one of these mysterious and wonderful botanical gardens？

2、Butchart Gardens, British Columbia, CanadaOne of the rarest flowers youll find at Butchart Gardens is the Meconopsis, otherwise known as the Tibetan blue poppy. The most impressive flowers can be found in the borders, where youll find over one million bedding plants. And although the gardens are fam

3、ous for their perennials (多年生植物), 300,000 spring-flowering plants are grown every year, and over 900 varieties of plants are grown for the summer gardens alone.Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South AfricaKirstenbosch National Botanical Garden is one of a handful of botanic gardens

4、 to grow only native plants. Some of the most popular varieties include the king protea, which produces enormous flowers between autumn and summer, and the rare silver tree, a silky-leaved plant, which experts believe could become extinct in the next 50 years.Denver Botanic Gardens, Colorado, USOnce

5、 native to South Africa, these oddly-named flowers are famously drought-hardy, making them perfect for this part of North America. This garden is one of the few to focus on draught-tolerant plants from Colorado and the grasslands of Africa, Mongolia and Argentina. In fact, Colorado is home to nine s

6、pecies of endangered plant, and several can be found here.Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden Tromso, NorwayVisit the worlds northernmost botanical garden and youll find a breathtaking collection of plants from the worlds polar and mountainous regions including, in the Himalaya section, the rare giant Tibe

7、tan blue poppy, with its huge flowers and metre-high stem. Youll also see the Wilander buttercup, which can only be found in the quite terrible areas of Svalbards unforgiving icy islands.1. Which botanical garden only plants local species?A. Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden.B. Denver Botanic Gardens.C.

8、Butchart Gardens.D. Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden.2. Which is typical of the Tibetan blue poppy ?A. Rare and hot-tolerant.B. Smelly and ill-looking.C. Large and tall.D. Endangered and colorful.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To analyze the features of plants.B. To make an advertisemen

9、t.C. To protect the endangered plants.D. To introduce some fantastic gardens.【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界各國幾處神秘而美妙的植物園?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa中的“Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden is one of a handful of botanic gardens to grow

10、 only native plants. (康斯坦博西國家植物園是少數(shù)幾個只種植本土植物的植物園之一。)”可知，康斯坦博西國家植物園只種植本地物種。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden, Tromso, Norway中的“Visit the worlds northernmost botanical garden and youll find a breathtaking collection of plants from the worlds polar and mountainous regions including, in the

11、 Himalaya section, the rare giant Tibetan blue poppy, with its huge flowers and metre-high stem. (參觀世界上最北的植物園，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)來自世界極地和山區(qū)的令人驚嘆的植物收藏，包括在喜馬拉雅地區(qū)，罕見的巨大的西藏藍(lán)色罌粟，它有著巨大的花朵和一米高的莖干。)”可知，西藏藍(lán)罌粟又大又高。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Spring is just around the corner, but if you are tired of sunflowers, tulips (郁金香) and oth

12、er standard gardens, why not head to one of these mysterious and wonderful botanical gardens？(春天就要來了，但如果你厭倦了向日葵、郁金香和其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的花園，為什么不去這些神秘而美妙的植物園呢?)”可推斷，文章的目的是介紹一些奇妙的植物園。故選D。BI am a strong believer that if a child is raised with approval, he learns to love himself and will be successful in his own way. S

13、everal weeks ago, I was doing homework with my son in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair. I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate better. He sat but seconds later, as if he didnt even notice he was doing it, he got up again. I was getting angry, but t

14、hen it hit me: I started noticing his answers were much quicker and right when he stood up. Could he concentrate better while standing up?This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe. I grew up to believe that a quiet child was more likely to succeed. This child would

15、have the ability to study hard, get good grades and become someone important in life. Kids that were active and loud would only be losers. Now people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA, and all they can do is loving and accepting them. As parents, throughout

16、their growing years and beyond that, we need to guide them and help them find their way. I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate. Clearly, he is concentrating, just in his own way and not mine. We need to accept our kids, and their ways of doing things. There is nothing sweeter than

17、 seeing our children being themselves. It makes us happy and thats just the way I want my kids to live a happy life.4. The author tried to keep his son seated so that _.A. he couldnt disturb the authorB. he could keep silent in the roomC. he could finish his homework on timeD. he could pay more atte

18、ntion to his study5. Encouraged by the example of his son the author began to doubt _.A. the importance of parentsB. the old education conceptsC. the good grades of some kidsD. the love between kids and their parents6. What does the author think of teaching children?A. Encouragement is important.B.

19、Children shouldnt be punished.C. Children cant be taught in the same way.D. Children should be taught to behave themselves.7. In the opinion of the author, children should _.A. have no freedomB. have their own styleC. learn from their friendsD. be friendly to their parents【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B【解析】

20、【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過講述兒子與自己在學(xué)習(xí)方式上的不同的故事，告訴我們不同的人有不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式，要因材施教?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate (集中注意力) better.”(我不斷地要求兒子坐下來，告訴他，他將會更集中注意力于學(xué)習(xí))”可知，作者不斷要求兒子坐下來學(xué)習(xí)，是為了讓他兒子能夠更加集中注意力學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“but then it hit me: I started noticing h

21、is answers were much quicker and right when he stood up.”(但是為我突然想到，當(dāng)兒子站著的時候，他的答案更準(zhǔn)確，更快。)可知，作者對比兒子的表現(xiàn)之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)兒子現(xiàn)在的學(xué)習(xí)效果更好，因此開始懷疑自己之前的想法，再根據(jù)第三段前兩句“This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe.”(這讓我開始質(zhì)疑自己，以及我從小被教育要相信的東西。)可知，作者質(zhì)疑自己認(rèn)為安靜的孩子更可能成功的想法。這些都說明作者懷疑之前的教育方法是否正確。故選B。【6題詳解

22、】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段二、三句“Clearly, he is concentrating, just in his own way and not mine. We need to accept our kids, and their ways of doing things.”(顯然，他很專注，只是以他自己的方式，而不是我的方式。我們需要接受我們的孩子，以及他們做事的方式。)可知，作者認(rèn)為每個孩子都有自己不同的特點(diǎn)，我們要接受他們，并且因材施教，不能使用同樣的方法來教育不同的孩子。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段二、三句“Clearly, he is concentratin

23、g, just in his own way and not mine. We need to accept our kids, and their ways of doing things.”(顯然，他很專注，只是以他自己的方式，而不是我的方式。我們需要接受我們的孩子，以及他們做事的方式。)可知，每個孩子都有自己的特點(diǎn)和風(fēng)格。故選B。CRichard is a very a successful businessman. It is common for him to work hard with a non-stop. He wasnt aware that he might wear h

24、imself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a weeks leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again. In our modern life, we

25、have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: “I am so busy.”We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts, were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we se

26、em to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax this has become the model of a successful life. Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing us with strength, the

27、quiet giving us wisdom. How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week for followers of some religions for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is

28、 beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world. Rest is a spiritual and biological need; however, in our st

29、rong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permission to stop work. In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow. 8. Whats

30、 the function of the paragraph 1?A. To tell us that Richard lives a healthy lifeB. To give us a brief introduction of RichardC. To bring up the topic of the passage. D. To tell Richard is a successful businessman. 9. The “alarm” in the first paragraph refers to “_”. A. a signal of stressB. a warning

31、 of dangerC. a sign of ageD. a spread of disease10. According to the passage during the Sabbath, what we should do except _. A. Enjoying delicious meal. B. Taking a good break. C. Praying for our family. D. Only working for two hours. 11 What is the main idea of this passage?A. We should balance wor

32、k with rest. B. The Sabbath gives us permission to rest. C. It is silly for anyone to say “I am busy”. D. We should be available to our family and friends. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。對于現(xiàn)代生活中，人們只工作不休息這一現(xiàn)象，作者分析了休息的意義，提出要學(xué)會勞逸結(jié)合。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段講述了一個成功的商人理查德不間斷的工作，直到累到一天早晨沒有按時醒來，才意識到問題的嚴(yán)

33、重性，于是離開工作去休假；第二段“In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: I am so busy.(在現(xiàn)代生活中，我們已經(jīng)失去了行動和休息之間的節(jié)奏。令人驚訝的是，在這個世界上有一個普遍而愚蠢的說法：“我太忙了”)”立即提出了本文的主題：在現(xiàn)代生活中，人們只工作，不會休息。由此推知，第一段的作用是引出文章的話題。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。上文“It is

34、common for him to work hard with a non-stop. He wasnt aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, (對他來說，不停地努力工作是很正常的。直到有一天早上睡過頭，他才意識到自己可能會精疲力竭，或者英年早逝)”講“早上睡過頭”這件事讓忙碌的理查德意識到可能存在的危險，下文“He had a weeks leave during which time he read novels, listened to mus

35、ic and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again.(他休假了一周，期間他讀小說，聽音樂，和妻子在海灘上散步，這讓理查德又可以回去工作了)”講理查德馬上作出調(diào)整，開始休假，由此推知，“早上睡過頭”這件事對理查德而言是一個警告，劃線詞alarm是a warning of danger的意思。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devo

36、te ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. It is a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world.(這是一個我們不應(yīng)該工作

37、的日子，一個我們致力于享受和慶祝美好事物的日子。這是一個祝福我們的孩子和所愛的人，表示感恩，分享食物，散步和睡覺的好時機(jī)。是我們休息的時候，把工作放在一邊，相信有更大的力量在照顧這個世界)”可知，在休息日，我們應(yīng)該為家人祈禱，好好休息，享受美食，不應(yīng)該工作。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第三段中“Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing is with strength, the quiet giving us w

38、isdom.(因?yàn)槲覀儾恍菹?，我們就會迷失方向。我們想念?dǎo)游告訴我們該去哪里，食物給我們力量，安靜給我們智慧)”和最后一段中“Rest is s spiritual and biological need;(休息是精神和生理上的需要)”和“In fact, Remember the Sabbath is more than simply permission to rest;it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow.(事實(shí)上，記住安息日不僅僅是允許你休息；它是要遵守的規(guī)則，是要遵循的原則)”可知，本文主要告誡我們要學(xué)會平衡工作和休息，勞逸結(jié)合

39、。故選A。DResearchers have developed a wearable device (設(shè)備). It is stretchy (有彈性的) enough that you can wear it like a ring, a bracelet or any other accessory that touches your skin. It also changes the bodys temperature into electricity, about 1 volt of energy for every square centimeter of skin space l

40、ess voltage per area than what most existing batteries provide but still enough to power electronics like watches or fitness trackers. It can heal itself when damaged and is fully recyclable, making it a cleaner alternative (替代品) to traditional electronics. The innovation (創(chuàng)新) begins with a base mad

41、e out of a stretchy material called polyamine. The scientists then stick a series of thin heating chips into that base, connecting them all with liquid metal wires. The final product looks like a Cross between a plastic watch and a minicomputer motherboard or maybe a diamond ring. Just pretend that

42、youre out for a jog. As you exercise, your body heats up, and that heat will radiate out to the cool air around you. The device catches that flow of energy instead of letting it go to waste. A person taking a quick walk could use a device the size of a typical sports wristband to produce about 5 vol

43、ts of electricity, which is more than what many watch batteries can hold. The new devices are as stretchy as biological tissue. If your device tears, for example, you can put together the broken ends, and theyll seal back up in just a few minutes. Researchers are trying to make their devices as chea

44、p and reliable as possible, while also having as close to zero effect on the environment as possible. While there are still problems to work out in the design, they think that the devices could appear on the market in a few years. 12. Which of the following statements is false about the device?A. It

45、 can repair itself. B. It can be recycled. C. It can evaluate itself. D. It can transform energy. 13. How can a wearer make the device produce electricity?A. By shaking it fast. B. By leaving it in the cool air. C. By connecting it with watch batteries. D. By giving out heat. 14. What do the researc

46、hers think about the devices?A. They will have a bright future. B. They will be expensive. C. They can not be damaged by force. D. They are completely environment-friendly. 15. What is the best title for the text?A. An Innovation in wearable DevicesB. A Great Exercise CompanionC. A New Function of T

47、raditional ElectronicsD. A Biological Battery in the Human Body【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文本主要介紹了一種全新的可穿戴設(shè)備，該設(shè)備具有柔軟、可改變能量形式、能自我修復(fù)和綠色環(huán)保等近乎完美的特性。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“It also changes the body s temperature into electricity (它還能將身體的溫度轉(zhuǎn)化為電能)”和“It can heal itself when damaged and is fully

48、recyclable (當(dāng)它損壞時，它可以自我愈合，并且完全可回收利用)”可知，新發(fā)明的可穿戴設(shè)備可改變能量形式，可自我修復(fù)，還可以循環(huán)利用，但是文章沒有提到自我評估。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“As you exercise, your body heats up, and that heat will radiate out to the cool air around you. The device catches that flow of energy instead of letting it go to waste.(當(dāng)你運(yùn)動時，你的身體會變熱，這些熱量會散發(fā)到

49、你周圍涼爽的空氣中。該設(shè)備能捕捉能量流，而不是讓它白白浪費(fèi))”可知，設(shè)備先收集佩戴者散發(fā)的熱量，然后將其轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，所以佩戴者通過散發(fā)熱量來發(fā)電。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“While there are still problems to work out in the design, they think that the devices could appear on the market in a few years. (雖然在設(shè)計(jì)上還有一些問題需要解決，但他們認(rèn)為這些設(shè)備可能會在幾年內(nèi)上市)”可知，研發(fā)人員認(rèn)為這些設(shè)備很快就能上市，由此推知他們對自己開發(fā)的設(shè)備很

50、有信心，認(rèn)為它們會有光明的前景。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文本主要介紹了一種全新的可穿戴設(shè)備，該設(shè)備具有柔軟、可改變能量形式、能自我修復(fù)和綠色環(huán)保等近乎完美的特性。故A項(xiàng)“An Innovation in wearable Devices (可穿戴設(shè)備的創(chuàng)新)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。How often do you have a conversation with someone, and think you are paying attention

51、to him or her, only to realize shortly afterwards that you cant remember what he said? Or, perhaps you get distracted while he is speaking and miss the message that he is trying to deliver. _16_: TVs, radios, traffic noises, telephones, laptops and so on, which can make it difficult to listen with o

52、ur full attention. But how can we listen more effectively? _17_. He said, “Mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way, with a purpose, at the present moment and non - judgmentally.”_18_? Jon Kabat - Zinn describes three key elements of mindful listening that we can use to improve our lis

53、tening skills. First of all, be present. When we listen mindfully, our focus should be on the person we are listening to without distractions. Then develop empathy (共鳴). We often see the world through our own experiences. When were empathetic, we can understand a situation from someone elses point o

54、f view. _19_. Our cues are the thoughts, feelings and physical reactions that we have when we feel anxious or angry, and they can block out ideas and perspectives that we re uncomfortable with. Mindful listening can help us to be more aware of our cues. _20_ In conclusion, the rule is straightforwar

55、d: simply “Listen”! Listen carefully and attentively. Pay full attention to the other person, and don t let other thoughts, like what we are going to say next, distract us.A. Finally, listen to our own “cues”B. What can we do with mindful listeningC. But how can we apply mindful listening to our lif

56、eD. At last, “cues” helps us understand the speakers ideasE. In todays busy world, modern life is full of distractionsF. Besides, it allows us to choose not to let them block communicationG. Professor Jon Kabat - Zinn put forward the idea of mindful listening【答案】16. E 17. G 18. C 19. A 20. F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】

57、本文是說明文。主要說明了傾聽他人時容易分心的原因，提出了提高傾聽效率的方法用心傾聽，及培養(yǎng)用心傾聽的三個核心要素?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空格后的冒號及冒號后的內(nèi)容“TVs, radios, traffic noises, telephones, laptops our full attention.（電視、收音機(jī)、交通噪音、電話、筆記本電腦等都會讓我們難以全神貫注地聽）”可知，空格后向我們解釋了導(dǎo)致我們分心的因素有哪些，所以空格處是要說明現(xiàn)代生活充滿讓人們分心的事物。E選項(xiàng)中的“distractions”與后面句子中的“difficult to listen with our full atten

58、tion（難以全神貫注地聽）”進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空格后的人稱代詞“He”可以判斷，空格處需要先引出這個人是誰。G選項(xiàng)指出了是Professor Jon Kabat Zinn提出了用心傾聽的理念。另外，本段主要是要給我們引出提高傾聽效率的方法-用心傾聽，根據(jù)段落中心詞也可以判斷G選項(xiàng)合適。故選G。18題詳解】根據(jù)空格后的問號及下文內(nèi)容“three key elements（ 三個關(guān)鍵因素）”可知，空格處的問題主要圍繞如何將用心傾聽運(yùn)用到我們的生活中。選項(xiàng)C符合題意，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“three key elementsfirst of allthen（三個關(guān)鍵因素

59、首先其次）”及下文“Our cues are the thoughts, feelings and physical reactions（我們的提示是思想、感覺和身體反應(yīng)）”可知，空格處要介紹第三個因素且要引出cues這個詞。此外，祈使句“Finally, listen to our own “cues”與上文“First of all, be present”、 “Then develop empathy”句式對等。故選A。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Mindful listening can help us to be more aware of our cues（用心傾聽可以幫助我們更好地意

60、識到自己的暗示）”可知，此處介紹“Mindful listening”的好處，緊接著寫另一個好處“it allows us to choose not to let them block communication（它允許我們選擇不讓他們阻礙交流）”符合句意。且F選項(xiàng)中的代詞“it”指代上文“mindful listening”。故選F。第三節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面的短文, 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。You may have seen a barista (咖啡師) pour milk foam (奶泡) into a coffee, then you can see a b