德國“雙元制”職業(yè)培訓(xùn)制度Dr. Bernhard課件

1、The dual system of vocational training in Germanyand the modern electrical and electronics professions in industry德國的雙元制職業(yè)培訓(xùn)與現(xiàn)代電氣和電子工業(yè)行業(yè) Dr. Bernhard Diegner, ZVEI e.V. ContentVery shortly: Who is ZVEI?What is the dual system of vocational training? How does it work?Why in-company vocational trainin

2、g?The modern way of vocational training in the electrical and electronics industry很快：誰是ZVEI？什么是雙元制職業(yè)培訓(xùn)？ ？它是如何工作的？為什么在公司內(nèi)部的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)？電氣和電子工業(yè)現(xiàn)代的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)方式Who is ZVEI ?German Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers AssociationOne of the worlds largest electrical and electronics industry associations: 1,600 memb

3、er companies, 4 incorporated organizations, and a network of competence comprising over 5,000 expertsPacemakers of technical progress, with key technologies decisively influencing innovation and growth in virtually all sectors of the economyFigures 2009:Employees in Germany: 810,000Employees in Germ

4、an companies abroad: 600,000Turnover:145.0 bn (2008: 182 bn )of which from foreign customers: 67.8 bn (=46,5%)R&D spending; 10.4 bn ZVEI represents approx. 80% of the sector in terms of turnover and employee numbers 德國電氣和電子工業(yè)同業(yè)公會 一個世界上最大的電氣和電子工業(yè)協(xié)會：1600會員公司，4條編入組織，職權(quán)和專家組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)超過5000 起搏器技術(shù)的進展，決定性影響的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

5、幾乎在所有經(jīng)濟部門創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展 2009年的數(shù)字： 在德國的員工：810 000 德國企業(yè)在國外的雇員：600 000 營業(yè)額：145.0億（2008年：182億） 其中來自國外的客戶：67.8億（= 46.5） 研發(fā)支出; 10.4億 ZVEI表示約 80的部門在營業(yè)額及員工人數(shù)方面 Connection between ZVEI and the dual system of vocational trainingQualified workforce is the backbone of a hightech industry. Representing a hightech industr

6、y, ZVEI is actively engaged in matters of human resources development.Activities of ZVEI include questions of engineering studies as well as vocational training and further training for both engineers and technicians.For decades now, based on its specific experience, ZVEI represents the employers si

7、de in the development of new professions for the electrical and electronics industry within the dual system.We are convinced: The best way of vocational training is the dual system.高素質(zhì)的勞動力是一個高科技行業(yè)的中堅力量。代表高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)，ZVEI正在積極開發(fā)人力資源事宜。對ZVEI活動包括工程研究的問題，以及職業(yè)培訓(xùn)，都是工程師和技術(shù)人員的進一步培訓(xùn)?，F(xiàn)在，它的具體經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上幾十年來，ZVEI表示雙系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的雇主在

8、新的專業(yè)用于電氣和電子工業(yè)的發(fā)展方我們深信：職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的最佳方式是雙系統(tǒng)What is the dual system of vocational training?The dual system is a combination of learning (in vocational schools) and training (in companies) which provides the basis for vocational skills.Within the dual system, (state-run) vocational schools and (private) compa

9、nies share a joint educational responsibility.VT in the dual system builds bridges to further training and lifelong learning.The systems central aim is to promote employability in a changing workplace: People must be able to plan, carry out and check their work independently.雙重的：兩年的培訓(xùn)（職業(yè)學(xué)校和公司）供應(yīng)商？。系

10、統(tǒng)：兩個提供互動。的人接受這種培訓(xùn)既在公司和學(xué)生在職業(yè)學(xué)校實習(xí)State:Standardized frameworkIndustry:Industrial environmentVocational School:General education and specialized instruction1-2 days per week*Company:Practice-related training4-3 days per week*The Dual System: Partners and their contributions* 5 days working weekChamber

11、of commerce and industry:Examinations雙元制：合作伙伴和他們的貢獻國家：標準化框架行業(yè)：產(chǎn)業(yè)環(huán)境職業(yè)學(xué)校：普通教育和專業(yè)指導(dǎo)每周1-2天*公司名稱：實踐有關(guān)的培訓(xùn)每周4-3天* 商會和行業(yè)：考試職業(yè)培訓(xùn)為什么在公司內(nèi)部？教育，教學(xué)的優(yōu)勢職業(yè)培訓(xùn)中享有較高的社會地位和在德國一般自尊。學(xué)習(xí)和？促進動機和工作？提供實際工作經(jīng)驗的融合。學(xué)員取得獨立和？因此準備？接受他/她今后的工作責(zé)任。個人的利益在公司的VT使學(xué)員的保證，他/她能滿足工作的要求，并能因此謀生。在公司的VT構(gòu)成了今后參加高級培訓(xùn)和職業(yè)生涯，因此基礎(chǔ)。顯示對應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼音Why in-company

12、 vocational training?3DisadvantagesResponsibility for VT and education in vocational schools not in the same hand.Costs of VT (practice) carried by the individual company itself:Contributions to productivity during training (earnings) (in industry and trade, Germany 2007)But, it pays off bybetter qu

13、ality, greater productivity, more job satisfaction, intensive company loyalty. Qualified workforce is the backbone of a hightech industry: it transforms the ideas of engineers into products! gross costs per trainee resulting net costs16700 12100 4600 職業(yè)培訓(xùn)為什么在公司內(nèi)部？缺點職業(yè)學(xué)校中的責(zé)任不在同一手VT和教育。VT的費用（實踐）由個別公司本

14、身：在訓(xùn)練中對生產(chǎn)力的貢獻（收益）（工業(yè)和貿(mào)易，德國2007年）但是，它的回報更好的質(zhì)量，更高的生產(chǎn)力，更高的工作滿意度，公司的忠誠度激烈。合格的勞動力是一個高科技行業(yè)的中堅力量？它轉(zhuǎn)化為產(chǎn)品工程師的想法！顯示對應(yīng)的拉丁字符的拼音16700 121004600每名學(xué)員大成本的凈成本Reasons why companies are willing to offer trainingSource: BMBFBasic design principles of the new electrical and electronics professions 2003New professions, d

15、esigned by modern principles, taught in modern ways of training and examination:Business processes define professions, and ways and contents of trainingNew technologies, new employment fields new qualification challenges!Flexibility is what companies needBroad qualification profiles, wholistic actin

16、g competences, open training structures, openness to new developmentsProfessional competence for companys demand is the central aimCarry out concrete tasks, fill concrete orders, run and optimize production and service processes, cooperate with neighboring departmentsLearning by doing for experience

17、 based working and self-directed learningCombination of formal and practical knowledge, ability for responsible flexible acting, dealing with uncertainties 新電氣和電子行業(yè)2003年基本設(shè)計原則新職業(yè)，通過培訓(xùn)和考試中的現(xiàn)代方式的現(xiàn)代教學(xué)原則，旨在：專業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)流程定義，以及方法和訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容新技術(shù)，新的就業(yè)領(lǐng)域資格新的挑戰(zhàn)！靈活性是企業(yè)需要什么廣泛資格型材，代理全人能力，公開培訓(xùn)結(jié)構(gòu)，開放的新發(fā)展專業(yè)為公司的需求競爭力是核心目標開展具體任務(wù)，具

18、體填寫訂單，運行和優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)流程，與鄰國合作部門實踐中學(xué)習(xí)，工作經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ)，自我導(dǎo)向?qū)W習(xí)正式的和實際的知識，靈活的演技負責(zé)，聯(lián)合處理不確定性plan check makeSub-process Sub-process Work processes and challengestypical for the professionNetworking: Production / Services IT systemsInterfaces: Upstream and downstream steps External and internal customersQuality managemen

19、t: Products / Processes Quality documentsWork structures: Cooperation CommunicationSystems competence: Functions / connections IntegrationState of the art (tools, methods, techniques)Comprehensive (professional challenges, drivers, criteria)Integrated (complete professional action) 工作流程和提取為行業(yè)的典型接口：上

20、游和下游的步驟外部和內(nèi)部顧客網(wǎng)絡(luò)：生產(chǎn)/服務(wù)IT系統(tǒng)子過程子過程質(zhì)量管理：產(chǎn)品/工藝質(zhì)量文件工作結(jié)構(gòu)：合作通訊系統(tǒng)權(quán)限：功能/連接整合計劃檢查做目前最先進的（工具，方法，技巧）綜合（專業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)，驅(qū)動程序，標準）綜合（完整的專業(yè)動作）Qualification in competence areas(practical part)Specific qualifications21 monthsShared core qualifications21 monthsOperation areaIntegrated trainingyearsTraining of specific skills in

21、 an operation area chosen by the company Provides flexibility both to the needs of the company and to technological development!Qualifications and skills specific for a certain occupatione.g. electronics technicians for building and infrastructure systems: “configure the control devices of technical

22、 systems, test the functioning of systems and safety equipment”Qualifications and skills shared by all professions within a given groupe.g. safety, environmental and health protection, planning and organizing, 01233,5在能力領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的資格？（實踐部分）3.5年操作領(lǐng)域特殊資格21個月綜合培訓(xùn)共有的核心資格21個月在經(jīng)營領(lǐng)域的專門技能培訓(xùn)由公司既提供靈活性該公司的需要和科技的發(fā)展！為某

23、特定職業(yè) 資格和技能例如電子技術(shù)人員和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施系統(tǒng)建設(shè)：“配置技術(shù)系統(tǒng)的控制裝置，測試系統(tǒng)和安全設(shè)備的功能” 所有共有的專業(yè)資格和技能在給定的組例如安全，環(huán)境和健康保護，規(guī)劃和組織，.Source: BMBFQualification in competence areas(theoretical part)Structured by learning areas (instruction units that are derived from the main tasks within a relevant profession).In this concept, vocational-sc

24、hool learning is oriented to company processes and, thus, complex tasks.Vocational school curricula在能力領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的資格？（實踐部分）職業(yè)學(xué)校課程由學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域構(gòu)成（結(jié)構(gòu)單元來自相關(guān)過程派生的主要任務(wù)）。在這個理念下，職業(yè)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)是面向企業(yè)流程，因此，復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。 1/3一般課程材料社會學(xué)科，經(jīng)濟學(xué)科，外國語，宗教。TheoryTypical work processesCompany Sub-process nOpera-tion areaLearning areaSpecific qualifica

25、tionsCore qualificationsSynchronicity of in-company training and vocational education in competence areasSub-process n+2Vocational schoolPracticeDuration of trainingCompetence areaNew professions in the electrical and electronics industry (2003)Electronics technician for automation technologyElectronics technician for building and infrastructure systemsElectronics technician for devices and systemsElectron