高中英語語法之非謂語動(dòng)詞PPT

1、關(guān)于高中英語語法之非謂語動(dòng)詞第一張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 動(dòng)詞的非謂語的三種形式： 不定式（to do） 動(dòng)名詞（v-ing） 分詞 (v-ed,v-ing)第二張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 不定式:It is hard for me to do the work. 作主語He wants to speak at the meeting.作賓語I have a lot of work to do. 作定語He asked me to finish it in time. 作賓補(bǔ)第三張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月My job is to help th

2、e patient.作表語He is too young to go to school. 作結(jié)果狀語We were surprised to find him there. 作原因狀語He spoke loudly to make herself heard. 作目的狀語 He went to his home, only to find he was out. 出乎意料的結(jié)果 第四張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月特點(diǎn):1）不定式短語做主語時(shí)，往往放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語，（例1）2）不定式作賓語，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓補(bǔ)之后， 而用it作形式賓語，請看

3、下句： I find it interesting to study English.3) 不定式作賓補(bǔ)，在feel, hear, listen to, look to, notice, observe, see, watch, have , let, make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語，不定式不帶to, 但這些句子變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)就必須帶to.第五張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月動(dòng)名詞1）Collecting information (收集信息）is very important to businessmen.作主語2) It is no use arguing with him.(與他爭論）作主

4、語3）She finished reading the book (看完這本書）yesterday. 作賓語4) He has a reading room. (書房）作定語第六張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.在it is no use/good, no any use/good, useless等后須用動(dòng)名詞作主語，泛指抽象動(dòng)作.2 在finish,mind, enjoy, pactise, avoid, imagine, consider, feel like, keep, prevent, risk,suggest 等詞后，一定用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。3. 在forget, g

5、o on, like , mean, regret, remember, stop, try等動(dòng)詞可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，請看下列句型：第七張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1）我記得讀過這本書. I remember reading the book. (指過去的動(dòng)作） I must remember to read the book. (指將來的動(dòng)作）2）我要設(shè)法提高我的英語口語。 Ill try to improve my spoken English. 敲門沒人答應(yīng)，試著敲后門。Try knocking at the back door if nobody h

6、ears you at the front door.3) 不要講話。Stop talking. 他停下來講話。He stopped to talk.4) 我沒打算傷害你。I didnt mean to hurt you. 錯(cuò)過這班車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.第八張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月動(dòng)名詞和不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上區(qū)別： 動(dòng)名詞形式表示一般習(xí)慣，抽象概念，或已成過去的動(dòng)作，不定式表示的往往是具體的或特定的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作。 Playing with fire is dang

7、erous. （泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一次具體動(dòng)作）Its no use crying over spilt milk. （抽象動(dòng)作）He realized that to go on like this was no use. （ 具體動(dòng)作）He has forgotten seeing me before. （已成過去的動(dòng)作）I must remember to remind John that the garden needs watering（將來的動(dòng)作）第九張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞 和

8、 過去分詞 1分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞： 1）有一般式和完成時(shí)，一般式即主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 2）完成時(shí)（having+過去分詞）表示的動(dòng)作在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。When he was a student, he was interested in books. Being a student, he was interested in books. After he had done his homework, he went to bed. Having done his homework, he went to bed.第十張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于

9、2022年6月3) 當(dāng)句子的主語是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，分詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作，就用動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。 The question which is being discussed is important. The question being discussed is important.As he had been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.第十一張，PPT共二十

10、三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月過去分詞：過去分詞表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，本身有被動(dòng)的含義，所以只有一般式，沒有完成式。第十二張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. 分詞的用法：1. 作定語： 站在窗旁的那個(gè)男人是我們的老師。 The man standing at the window is our teacher. 被污染的空氣河水對人體有害。 Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health.請注意：如果現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞有先后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，而用

11、定語從句。The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.第十三張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. 作狀語:1)While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time. While reading the book , he nodded from time to time.2) Since I am a student, I must study hard. Being a student, I must study hard. As we we

12、re not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again. Not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.3) If time permits, I will finish another lesson. Time permitting , I will finish another lesson. If he is allowed, he would eat all the food in the house. If

13、 allowed, he would eat all the food in the house.4)The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing .（說說笑笑） He entered the room,followed by his girlfriend (后面跟著女朋友）第十四張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. 作賓補(bǔ): We saw the teacher making the experiment .（做實(shí)驗(yàn)） Ive never heard the song sung in English. (用

14、英語唱）4. 作表語： The news is inspiring （令人鼓舞） He is surprised. (他很吃驚)第十五張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月特點(diǎn)：1.分詞短語作狀語,其邏輯主語須與句子的主語一致.2. 表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語有時(shí)可由連詞while 或when 引導(dǎo)。3. 有時(shí)“with(without)+名詞（或代詞賓格）+分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg. 1)With his homework finished ahead of time, he began to play computer. 2) He fell asleep with t

15、he lamp burning.第十六張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. 分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，若句子主語不是它的邏輯主語（即兩邊主語不一致）通常在它前面加上它的主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 All my money stolen, I had to walk without buying anything. Time permitting ,（時(shí)間允許的話） I will finish another lesson主語賓語表語定語狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)名詞分詞不定式第十七張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1.They would not allow him_A_ across the

16、enemy line.A. to risk going B.risking to go C. for risk to go D.risk going ask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,help,wish want,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,instruct,permit,request,order,warn.cause,urge等等動(dòng)詞后可接不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 第十八張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.Though he had often made his little si

17、ster_A_, today he was made_by his little sister.A.cry,to cry B.crying,crying C.cry,cry D.to cry,cry使役動(dòng)詞 make,let只接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 Let me do it for you. 第十九張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月13.Who did the teacher have_C_an article for the wall newspaper just now?A.written B.writing C.write D.to write注意這一結(jié)構(gòu)的活用。 I saw

18、 the bike being repaired. I saw the bike repaired.We often heard the song being sung.第二十張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月14.In order to improve English,_.A.Jennys father bought her a lot of tapesB.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herselfC. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.D.a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語 通常是句子的主語 第二十一張，PPT共二十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月18.I dont mind _C_by bus,but I hate _in queues. A.traveling;stand B.to travel;to stand C.traveling;to stand D.traveling;to s