高中英語句子成分分析 (2)PPT

1、關于高中英語句子成分分析 (2)第一張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月句子成分定義 ：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語和謂語次要成分：賓語、定語、狀語、補 語、表語、同位語第二張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語謂語定語賓語狀語第三張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主語（subject）說明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Fo

2、ur plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.第四張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月The sun rises in the east.（名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. （數(shù)詞） Seeing is believing. （動名詞） To see is to believe. （不

3、定式） What he needs is a book. （從句）It is very clear that the sun rises in the east.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）找出句中主語第五張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月謂語（predictate）說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.復合謂語 由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;He can speak English well.He has caught a bad

4、cold.She doesnt seem to like dancing 第六張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（三）賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于動詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）第七張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4.They helped the old wit

5、h their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）第八張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 直接賓語和間接賓語 有些及物動詞后面要跟2個賓語,分為直接賓語和間接賓語; 直接賓語多為物,間接賓語多為人，表明動作是對誰做的。 We brought them some food. 主 謂 間賓 直賓 He showed

6、 me how to run the machine. 主 謂 間賓 直賓若先說直接賓語(物),后說間接賓語(人),必須借助介詞 to 或 for：We bought some food for them.He showed how to run the machine to us. 第九張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 賓語補足語 - 有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思, 還必須在賓語后 加上賓語補足語, 句意才完整。賓補補充說明賓語干什么, 或處于何種狀態(tài)。 名詞, 形容詞, 副詞, 介詞短語, 不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞 可充當賓補。形容詞 Leave the door o

7、pen.副詞 We found John out when we arrived.介詞短語 Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式 I saw him enter the hall.現(xiàn)在分詞 The boss keeps them working all day.過去分詞 I heard my name called.第十張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（四）定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our cla

8、ss.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)第十一張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月第十二張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is

9、his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.第十三張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（五）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分說明時間、地點、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。 I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late t

10、hat I missed the train.第十四張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月John often came to chat with me As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago.Though he is young, he knows a lot.He came running. (程度 目的)（地點 伴隨） （地點 時間）（讓步）

11、（方式）(原因)第十五張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.第十六張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（六）賓語補足語有些及物動詞除了有

12、一個直接賓語以外， 還要有一個賓語補足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。 這類常用的及物動詞有 make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.第十七張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please k

13、eep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.第十八張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后,賓語補足語變成主補. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the examThe student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor

14、.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.第十九張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（七）表語 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態(tài)和特征常見的系動詞有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear, look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn, become,get,grow,come,go etc. 系動詞不用于被動語態(tài).The apple tastes sweet.第二十張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月The war was over.They seem t

15、o know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.第二十一張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（八）同位語 位于名詞或代詞后面，說明它們的性質和情況 We young people should respect the old.名詞He himself will do the experiment.代詞He is the oldest among them four.數(shù)詞He told me

16、 the news that our team won the game.從句He told me the news that I am interested in.從句第二十二張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Exercises:分析句子結構You are a student.He felt happy today.What you said made me happy.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?After he finished his homework, he went away.He l

17、ikes pop music.第二十三張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(一) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.第二十四張

18、，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(二) 挑出下列句中的表語- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.第二十五張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(三) 挑出下列句中的定語1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was tryin

19、g to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!第二十六張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang

20、 get on the bus.第二十七張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.第二十八張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurr

21、ied off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.第二十九張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、主語 主語可以用下面這些東西表示：1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4.

22、 Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語第三十張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月當不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語

23、時，為保持句子結構前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。什么情況下用it作形式主語？第三十一張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 說謊是錯誤的。爭吵是沒用的。誰要來還不確定。第三十二張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、賓語 賓語可

24、以用下面這些東西表示：1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞不定式疑問詞+不定式從句It作

25、形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語第三十三張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、表語 表語可以用下面這些東西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spo

26、ke Chinese so well.( )名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句形容詞/副詞介詞短語分詞第三十四張，PPT共三十九頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示：Its a red car.( )They live in the room above.( )My brother is a teacher.( )We belong to the third world.( )Lucys father is a poor worker.( )Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )The man under the tree is my teacher.( )The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容詞副詞代詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格名詞介詞短語現(xiàn)在分