高中英語必修二 3　UNIT 4　 Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

1、Section Discovering Useful Structures過去分詞作定語和賓補(bǔ)1(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system2(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack，3(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, whe

2、re we could get our car battery charged(charge)過去分詞作定語時的意義1及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，在語態(tài)上表示被動；在時間上，常表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，有時也不表示時間性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last我們的老師看著我們做實驗，最后給了我們一個滿意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon會上提出的計劃將很快被執(zhí)行。2不及物動詞的過去

3、分詞作定語，它不表示被動意義，只強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard許多小孩子喜歡在庭院里收集落葉。The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning早上已升起的太陽正明亮地閃耀著。【典例1】(2019北京卷)Earth Day, _(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection解析：句意：地球日在4月

4、22日舉行，是一項旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識的年度事件。mark在這里是“慶祝，紀(jì)念(重要事件)”之意，是及物動詞，Earth Day與之是被動關(guān)系，此處的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被慶祝”，故用過去分詞短語作定語。答案：marked過去分詞作定語時的位置1前置定語一般情況下，單個過去分詞作前置定語，即放在所修飾詞之前。The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera被污染的水造成了霍亂的傳播。We needed much more qualified workers我們需要更多的合格的工人。有些過去分詞表示特定含義時，單獨作定語

5、也可放在所修飾的名詞之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所給的)，concerned(有關(guān)的)等。There are few tigers leftIt is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out剩余的老虎不多了，是相關(guān)當(dāng)局采取措施保護(hù)它們免遭滅絕的時候了。2后置定語過去分詞短語作定語時往往作后置定語，即放在所修飾詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。He is a teacher loved by his students他是一位受學(xué)生愛戴的老師。The book

6、 published ten years ago is still a bestseller today十年前出版的這本書現(xiàn)在仍然是一本暢銷書。3過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別意義形式語態(tài)時態(tài)過去分詞被動完成現(xiàn)在分詞主動進(jìn)行As we all know, China is a developing country眾所周知，中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。The visitor is from a developed country這位游客來自一個發(fā)達(dá)國家。4過去分詞(done)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)(being done)與動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)(to be done)作定語的區(qū)別意義形式語態(tài)時態(tài)done被

7、動完成being done被動進(jìn)行to be done被動尚未發(fā)生The building built last year is our classroom building去年建造的那棟樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。The building being built now is our classroom building現(xiàn)在正在建造的那棟樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。The building to be built next month is our classroom building下個月將要建造的那棟樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。常見的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況1過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動詞keep, leave等詞的后面

8、作賓語補(bǔ)足語。He passed away, leaving his works unfinished他去世了，留下他的著作還未完成。Dont keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question當(dāng)我問你問題時不要閉口不語。2過去分詞用在使役動詞have/get和make的后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。(1)“have/get賓語過去分詞”表示“讓別人做某事”。He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow他明天想去檢查眼睛。Jenny hopes that MrSmith will suggest a good wa

9、y to have her written English improved in a short period珍妮希望史密斯先生會建議一個好的方法以使她的英語寫作在短期內(nèi)得到提升。(2)在“make賓語過去分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞表示結(jié)果。They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English他們用很淺易的英語來設(shè)法使自己被理解。3感官動詞see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。When we saw the road b

10、locked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home當(dāng)我們看到道路被雪封住后，我們決定在家過假期。The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed第二天早上，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們房子外面的世界全變了樣。4表示“意愿；命令”的動詞，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this

11、week經(jīng)理要求在本周末完成這項工作。5過去分詞用在“with賓語賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。With every problem settled, he began to think of a journey每一個問題解決后，他開始考慮旅行。【典例2】(2018天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _(take)解析：句意：我需要一個新護(hù)照，因此我得照張相。本題考查非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語my photograph與take之間為被動關(guān)系，且表示讓他人去做這件事，因此用過去分詞作賓

12、補(bǔ)。答案：taken非謂語動詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別1感官動詞(短語)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等的賓語補(bǔ)足語主要有三種形式，試比較(以hear為例)：hear賓語eq blc(avs4alco1(doing sth.聽到正在做，,（主動、進(jìn)行）,do sth.聽到做了（主動、完成）,done聽到被做（被動、完成或,無時間性）)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday昨天經(jīng)過她房間時，我聽見她正在唱一首英文

13、歌。(主動、正在進(jìn)行)I heard her sing an English song just now剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。(主動、完成)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible為了學(xué)好英語，我們應(yīng)該盡可能多地聽英語。(被動、無時間性)2使役動詞make, have, get, keep后加復(fù)合賓語的比較：(1)make賓語eq blc(avs4alco1(do sth.讓做某事（主動）,done讓被做（被動）)The shocking n

14、ews made me realize what terrible problems we would face這令人震驚的消息使我意識到我們將面臨多么可怕的問題。He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself understood他說得又慢又清楚以便使自己被理解。(2)have賓語eq blc(avs4alco1(do sth.使做某事（主動）,doing sth.使持續(xù)做某事,（主動、進(jìn)行）,done使被做（被動）)Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt媽媽讓我去商店買

15、些食鹽。He had us laughing all through the meal整頓飯下來他讓我們笑個不停。My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month上個月，我姐姐的錢包在公共汽車上被偷了。(3)get賓語eq blc(avs4alco1(to do sth.使做某事（主動）,doing sth.使開始做某事（主動）,done使被做（被動）)He got me to post the letter for him他讓我替他寄信。The captain got the soldiers moving toward th

16、e front after a short rest休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)。Ill get my cellphone repaired tomorrow我明天要(請人)修一下我的手機(jī)。(4)keep賓語eq blc(avs4alco1(doing sth.使一直做某事,（主動、進(jìn)行）,done使被做（被動）)Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long對不起，讓你久等了。She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was她緊閉雙眼，待在原地未動?！镜淅?】(2019陜西期末)Today, yo

17、u can find a statue of John Harvard _(stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard，and it is perhaps the Universitys best known landmark解析：句意：今天，你可以在哈佛廣場的大學(xué)禮堂前找到一尊站立著的John Harvard的雕像，這也許是這所大學(xué)最著名的地標(biāo)。a statue of John Harvard和動詞stand之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。答案：standingeq avs4al() 單句語法填空1We se

18、e an old man sweeping the fallen(fall) leaves every morning when we pass the post office2Our teacher was very worried because there was only a little time left(leave) for us to finish this task3Generally speaking, the children brought(bring) up by grandparents tend to feel lonely sometimes4It is ama

19、zing that he fell in love with the girl dressed(dress) in a red skirt at the first sight5As is known to us all, Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is one of the top universities in the world6There was an excited(excite) look on his face when the actress appeared7The players selected(select

20、) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game8They spent two hours discussing the plan designed(design) by the famous engineer9The confused expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the confusing problem(confuse)10The teacher wanted our compositi

21、ons handed(hand) in after class11Id appreciate it if you could suggest a good way to get my English improved(improve) in a short period of time12With all her business things arranged(arrange), Diana went on holiday13The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard(hear)14Back from h

22、is twoyear medical service in Africa, DrLee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at homeeq avs4al() 語法與寫作1他們正在開會討論這個人人都知道的嚴(yán)重問題。Theyre having a meeting to discuss the serious problem known_to_everybody2為了解決這個問題，我們應(yīng)該滿足顧客提出的需求。To solve the problem, we should meet the demand made_by

23、_the_customers3使他吃驚的是，他沒有注意到錢包在公交車上被人偷了。To his surprise, he didnt notice_his_wallet_stolen on the bus4在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要動所有的菜。Youd better leave_all_the_dishes_untouched before all the guests are seated5這位年輕女士發(fā)現(xiàn)她珍貴的項鏈丟了，很惱火。The young lady was quite annoyed to find_her_valuable_necklace_lost6這對夫婦看到女兒在這家新

24、托兒所受到很好的照顧，感到很滿意。The couple felt very satisfied to see their daughter taken_good_care_of in the new nurseryeq avs4al() 單句語法填空1MrBrowns room, filled(fill) with all kinds of books, looks as if it is a small library2To tell the truth, you must make every effort to improve your spoken(speak) English3(20

25、19四川成都七中高一診斷)To his surprise, Jack found his son dressed(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve4(2019山西實驗中學(xué)高一聯(lián)考)I once found my cell phone missing(miss) during my stay in the city5If you want to make yourself respected(respect), you are above all to respect yourself6The student likes reading stories

26、 written(write) by the famous writer7Many used(use) computers will be sold in this market8Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices9Today, there are many people visiting(visit) the park every day10We should pay attention to the physical and mental health pro

27、blems caused_(cause) by a lack of sleep11My cellphone has broken down and I have to get it repaired(repair) soon12I was surprised(surprise) to find my hometown changed(change) so much13John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work completed(complete), he gladly accepted it14Dont leave the

28、 water running(run) while you are brushing your teeth15The yoga club, opened(open) last month in our school, is popular among women teacherseq avs4al() 閱讀理解The first people in Canada crossed the Bering Strait from AsiaIn the north the Inuit lived by hunting seals, walruses(海象) and whalesThey also hu

29、nted caribou(馴鹿)On the west coast people hunted deer, bear and beaverThey also fishedOn the plains people lived by hunting buffaloIn the east people grew crops of beans, squash, maize and sunflower seedsThe first Europeans to reach Canada were the VikingsIn 986 a Viking called Bjarni Herjolfsson was

30、 blown off course by a storm and he spotted a new landHowever he sailed away without landingIn 1001 a man named Leif Eriksson landed in the new land, which he named Vinland(it was part of Canada)However Eriksson did not stay permanentlyLater the Vikings did establish a colony in North America but th

31、ey abandoned it because of conflict with the nativesHowever after the Vikings Canada was forgotten until the end of the 15th centuryIn 1497 the English king Henry sent an Italian named John Cabot on an expedition across the Atlantic to NewfoundlandCabot discovered rich fishing waters off the coast o

32、f CanadaThen in 1534 and in 15351536 a Frenchman named Jacques Cartier(14911557) sailed on two expeditions to CanadaOn 10 August 1535 (St Lawrences Day) he sailed into the St Lawrence River, which he named after the saintHowever no permanent European settlements were made in Canada until the early 1

33、7th centuryIn 1603 a Frenchman named Samuel de Champlain(15671635) sailed up the St Lawrence RiverIn 1604 he founded Port Royal in Acadia(Nova Scotia)In 1608 Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec(The name Quebec is believed to be an Algonquin word meaning a narrow part of a river) In 1642 the French fo

34、unded MontrealThe new colony in Canada was called New FranceBy 1685 the population of New France was about 10, 000By 1740 it was 48, 000【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了加拿大人口的構(gòu)成及城市逐漸形成的過程。1In which part of Canada did people grow crops?AIn the northBIn the eastCOn the west coastDOn the plainsB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后

35、一句In the east people grew crops of beans, squash, maize and sunflower seeds可知答案。2Who was the first European to reach Canada?ALeif ErikssonBBjarni HerjolfssonCJohn CabotDSamuel de ChamplainB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段前兩句The first Europeans to reach Canadacalled Bjarni Herjolfsson was blown off course by a storm

36、 and he spotted a new land可知，Bjarni Herjolfsson是最早來到加拿大的歐洲人。3What is the last paragraph mainly about?AEuropeans set foot on CanadaBEuropeans started expeditionsCEuropeans fought against the nativesDEuropeans began to make permanent settlementsD解析：段落大意題。文章最后一段第一句為該段的主題句。4What is the best title for th

37、e passage?AThe Early History of CanadaBThe Languages of CanadaCEuropeans Started ExpeditionsDThe War Between Europeans and CanadiansA解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講述了加拿大人口的構(gòu)成及城市逐漸形成的過程。綜合來看，文章講述了加拿大早期的歷史。eq avs4al() 七選五Rainbows(彩虹) are one of the most beautiful works that nature creates1_If youve ever seen one, cons

38、ider yourself luckyRainbows can be seen when light passes through raindrops, says Kristin Calhoun, a research scientist studying the conditions of weatherWhen sunlight passes through raindrops, the light bends, as it enters a dropletAs it leaves the droplet, the light separates into different wavele

39、ngths(波長)2_ The seven colorsred, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violetbend in seven different directionsRed light, for example, bends in a different way than violet light3_It also explains why rainbows look like an arc(弧)Sometimes, however, rainbows can actually form a circle that you can s

40、ee in a plane with the right conditions4_“There is an even better chance when the sun is at a lower level, early or later in the day，” Calhoun saysAnd another key is to face the rain and have your back to the sun5_“Small showers and storms often form in late afternoon in this area，”Calhoun says“Thes

41、e types of showers often produce heavy rain, but remain isolated(孤立的) over the center of the island”AThere are lots of stories relating to rainbowsBRainbows are created by light through raindropsCAnd each wavelength appears as a different colorDWith the conditions just right, Hawaii gets lots of rai

42、nbowsEThe best time to catch a rainbow is when its sunny and rainingFBut they can be seen only if you are in the right place at the right timeGThis is why the person on the ground sees each color at a different location【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。彩虹是大自然最美的作品之一，在什么樣的條件下才能欣賞到美麗的彩虹呢？1F解析：上文Rainbows(彩虹) are one of t

43、he most beautiful works that nature creates與F項內(nèi)容形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，即彩虹雖然美麗，但人們必須在合適的時間和地點才能看見它。2C解析：C項中的wavelength和color分別復(fù)現(xiàn)上文中的wavelengths和下文中的colors，起到承上啟下的作用。3G解析：上文中的The seven colors bend in seven different directionsRed light, for example, bends in a different way than violet light與G項內(nèi)容形成因果關(guān)系。4E解析：本段涉及彩虹出現(xiàn)

44、的天氣條件，E項內(nèi)容符合該話題；且E項中的sunny and raining與下文中的the sun和the rain 存在詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系。5D解析：下文中的this area和the island指代D項中的Hawaii，本段說明夏威夷氣象條件合適，因此經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)彩虹。eq avs4al() 語法填空Winter in Quebec, Canada is very different from that in EnglandWhen I first arrived, I was 1_ (slight) worried about the winterI couldnt imagine 2_ it would be like to have 3 metres of snow and what on earth I was going to do when the weather was so badHowever, here, life goes on as usualTrains and buses continue, and people socialise and even better3_ number of new sports take overFor me, skiing means