語法篇專題動詞和動詞短語

1、專題六 動詞和動詞短語一、動詞分類一覽表二、動詞短語動詞短語是指動詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動詞短語的測試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。動詞短語構(gòu)成一覽表：構(gòu)成例詞例句動詞+副詞 turn up, turn off,etc. Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.Please turn every light in the house off. 動詞介詞 agree with ,etc. I agree with you on that point. 動詞+副詞介詞 lo

2、ok forward to,etc. I look forward to seeing you soon. 動詞+名詞介詞 make use of ,etc. You should make full use of your time. 動詞+名詞 take place,etc. Great changes are taking place in our life. 動詞和動詞短語是歷年高考單項(xiàng)填空考查的核心。設(shè)題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞或動詞短語來考查考生在具體語境中對其的理解和實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。 【考點(diǎn)一】考查助動詞的用法助動詞有be (am, is, are, was, were, be

3、en), have(has, had), do(does, did), will(would), shall(should)。它們本身沒有詞義，只和實(shí)義動詞的一定形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，用來表示時態(tài)和語態(tài)，構(gòu)成否定、疑問及加強(qiáng)語氣等。（1）助動詞be (am, is, are, were, been)的用法結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句be+現(xiàn)在分詞 構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài) They are having a meeting. be+過去分詞 構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)The window was broken by Tom.be to do sth.表示計劃、安排或命令 He is to go to New York next week.

4、be going to do sth. 表示計劃或有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事 Look at the dark clouds. Its going to rain. （2）助動詞have (has, had)的用法 結(jié)構(gòu)用法例句have+過去分詞構(gòu)成完成時態(tài) He has left for London.Have you seen the film?He had left for London before I came. have been+現(xiàn)在分詞 構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時態(tài) What have you been doing these days? （ 3）助動詞do(does, did) 的用法 結(jié)構(gòu)

5、用法例句do+主語+動詞原形 構(gòu)成一般疑問句 Did you study German? do not+動詞原形 構(gòu)成實(shí)義動詞的否定形式 I do not want to be criticized. do+動詞原形 用于祈使句或陳述句中加強(qiáng)語氣 He did buy a new car yesterday.Do do some work. 代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動詞以避免重復(fù) My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did. 【考點(diǎn)二】?？嫉淖兓愊祫釉~辨析 系動詞用法常用結(jié)構(gòu)例句go由好到壞或由正常到不常的變化“保持” go bad；go blind

6、；go mad; go hungry (unreported, unnoticed) The tire went flat.He often went hungry in the past. come變成為（已知的狀態(tài)）；證實(shí)為 come true; come right Things will come right in the end.His dream will come true sooner or later. run“變成”run short； run dryThe well has run dry.turn成為與以前完全不同的東西。多接表示顏色或天氣的形容詞或不帶冠詞的名詞。Th

7、e trees turn red in autumn.He has turned writer. fall“進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)）；成為”fall asleep； fall ill； fall lame； fall silentThe old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. get “變成，變得起 來”。較口語化。強(qiáng)調(diào)“逐漸”。后接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語。The days are getting longer and longer. become “成為”，普通用 語，多表示過 去完成的事。become+a(n)+名詞She has beco

8、me a lawyer. He became angry with me. grow“漸漸變得起來；長得”，強(qiáng)調(diào)其變化過程。?？山颖硎咎鞖獾男稳菰~。Its growing warm. appear“顯得，好像”，常用于正式文體中。指給他人的表面印象，有時含有實(shí)質(zhì)上并非如此之意。 appear to be/adj./n./prep. appear to do;It appears that.;appear as if/though He appeared to be talking to himself.It appears that they are right.The river appea

9、red as if enveloped in smog. seem“似乎，好像”。 指說話人內(nèi)心的估計與判斷，有一定依據(jù)，接近于實(shí)際情況。seem to be/adj./n./prep.seem to do；It seems that.;seems as if /though The young man seemed to have changed much.It seems that she is happy. She seemed as if she couldnt understand why Laura was there .look“好像，看起來”，一般用于非正式場合。側(cè)重由視覺得到

10、的印象。look+adj./n./prep.look like;look as if/though She looks like her mother.It looks as if we are going to have snow. 【考點(diǎn)三】考查主動形式表被動意義的用法（1）need, want, require(要求，需要), deserve(應(yīng)得，值得), be worth(值得)，后面接doing主動形式表被動意義。The book is worth reading. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=ne

11、ed to be looked after) carefully.Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).（2）不定式作定語，放在被修飾詞后面，與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系，又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，不定式要用主動表被動含義。 I have much work to do.（與work有動賓關(guān)系，與I有主謂關(guān)系）比較：I have a letter to be typed.（3）不定式作表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞時(主語+系動詞+形容詞+不定式)，如果形容詞是表示難易、利弊等含義時(difficult, easy, com

12、fortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive,etc.)，不定式用主動表被動。The question is difficult to answer.The work is easy to do.(=Its easy to do the work.)（4）有些動詞(短語)只有主動形式，常視為主動表被動。take place, happen, break out等。A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night. 一些動詞,如:sell(銷售), wash(洗), clean(打掃), burn(

13、燃燒), cook(煮), write(寫)等與副詞,如:well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等連用，描繪事物的特性，用主動表被動，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+動詞+副詞。The book sells well.These clothes wash easily. The pen writes well.Nylon cleans easily. 【考點(diǎn)四】考查易混短語的用法動詞短語的測試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短語的辨析。1. AGREE短語sb. agree with sb.某人同意某人的話/意見 sth. agree with sb

14、. 某物/某事適應(yīng)某人agree to the plan/decision/arrangement 同意計劃/決定/安排agree on sth. 就達(dá)成共識agree to do sth. 同意干某事2. BREAK短語break away (from)（與）脫離；改掉（習(xí)慣）break down（身體）垮掉；（計劃、談判）失??；（汽車）拋錨；分解（強(qiáng)調(diào)化學(xué)變化） break in/into 闖入break off折斷；斷絕break out （fire, disease, war, etc.）突發(fā)，爆發(fā)（火災(zāi)，疾病，戰(zhàn)爭等）break up 打碎；分裂；分解(強(qiáng)調(diào)化學(xué)變化) 3. BRIN

15、G短語bring about 引起，造成；實(shí)現(xiàn)bring back 拿回；使回憶起來bring down 使倒下；降低bring in掙得；介紹引進(jìn)bring on 引起, 導(dǎo)致bring out 揭示，揭露bring .to light 揭露； 使了解到bring up 撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐4. CALL短語call at+sp.拜訪某地call on/upon +sb. 訪問，拜訪某人call for 要求；需要call in 召集；請來call off取消call up打電話；令人想起5. CARRY短語carry on 進(jìn)行；進(jìn)行下去carry out貫徹，執(zhí)行carry through 順利完

16、成，順利實(shí)現(xiàn)6. COME短語come about 發(fā)生；造成come across偶遇come along 加油，快點(diǎn)；進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行come into effect(force)生效come into being 形成；產(chǎn)生come into power開始執(zhí)政come on 快點(diǎn)come out 出來；出版；結(jié)果come around/round 恢復(fù)知覺；繞道而來come to oneself 蘇醒過來come up 靠近；被提到；發(fā)生come up with 提出（主意，計劃等）7. CUT短語cut down 砍倒；削減cut in （on）插嘴；插入cut off 切斷； 斷絕cut

17、 through 抄近路走過； 刺穿cut up 切碎8. GET短語get along/on(with) 融洽相處；進(jìn)展get away 離開get down 擊落；記下get down to 開始認(rèn)真考慮get in到達(dá)；收獲get off 下車；脫下get out 出去，離開；泄露get over克服get through 接通電話；用完；做完；通過get up 起床9. GIVE短語give away泄露；出賣give in讓步，投降；交上give off 發(fā)出(蒸汽、液體、霧等)give out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)；用盡，精疲力竭give up 放棄(念頭、希望等)10. GO

18、短語go against 反對； 違反； 不利于go by (從旁)走過；順便走訪go down下降go in for 參加；愛好go off 離開；爆炸go over (對進(jìn)行)仔細(xì)檢查；潤色；復(fù)習(xí)go through仔細(xì)檢查；經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；被通過go with伴隨；與相配11. KEEP短語keep an eye on 注意；監(jiān)視keep away from 不讓接近keep back阻止；隱瞞keep down 鎮(zhèn)壓；保留keep in mind 記住keep in touch with與保持聯(lián)系keep on 繼續(xù)keep to 遵循；堅持keep .to oneself 對守口如瓶ke

19、ep up with跟上；不落后12. LOOK短語look after 照顧，照看look ahead 向前看；著眼未來look back 回頭看；回顧look around 四處看look down upon 看不起；輕視look out 小心；當(dāng)心look on 旁觀；觀望look into 調(diào)查look through 瀏覽；翻閱；仔細(xì)查看look up 查尋；向上看13. PUT短語put away 放好；儲存put down寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓put forward 提出；推舉put off 推遲put on 穿上 put out 撲滅put up 舉起；投宿；張貼put up with忍受

20、；容忍14. SET短語set about 開始，著手（后接名詞、代詞和動名詞）set out 出發(fā)；開始；陳列set to 起勁地干起來；毅然開始做set aside 留出；不顧；撤銷； 駁回set off (for) 出發(fā),動身；使爆炸；引起；襯托set up 設(shè)立；豎立,架起；立業(yè)15. TAKE短語take after （在外貌或行為方面）酷似take along 隨身帶著 take away 取走take back收回take in吸收；理解；欺騙take off脫衣；起飛；廣泛使用，大受歡迎take on 呈現(xiàn)；開始雇傭；從事take over 接收，接管take up占據(jù)；開始從

21、事；繼續(xù)16. TURN短語turn away 把打發(fā)走；不讓進(jìn)入turn down調(diào)低；拒絕turn into 進(jìn)入；(使)變成(主要指物質(zhì)形態(tài)、性質(zhì)等的轉(zhuǎn)變)turn off 關(guān)掉turn on 開啟turn out 關(guān)掉；證實(shí)；結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)turn over 翻過來turn to轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于turn up 調(diào)高；找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn) 1. The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.(2010全國)A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed解析：選D?？疾閯釉~詞義

22、辨析。句意為：工人們把玻璃制品包裝好，并給每個箱子做上“此面向上”的標(biāo)記。carry搬運(yùn)；deliver遞送；press按，壓；pack給打包。2. My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.(2010全國)A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together解析：選A?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：我媽媽打開抽屜把刀子和勺子放好。put away把放好，收拾起來；put up舉起;搭建;張貼;掛起；put on穿;戴上；put together把放在一起。3. No matter how

23、 low you consider yourself, there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high.(2010安徽)A. getting rid of B. getting along withC. looking up to D. looking down upon解析：選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：不管你認(rèn)為自己多么不好，總會有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那樣。get rid of擺脫；去除；get along with與相處；look up to尊敬；敬仰；look down upon看不起；輕視。4. How did

24、you like Nicks performance last night?To be honest, his singing didnt _ to me much.(2010安徽) A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur解析：選A?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z的用法。答語句意為：說實(shí)話，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。appeal to吸引；belong to屬于；refer to提到；涉及；occur to被想到。5. Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets _ it.(2010福建)A.

25、 keep up with B. do away withC. get down to D. look forward to解析：選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：我們剛剛搬進(jìn)一所大點(diǎn)的房子里，有許多事情要做，讓我們開始做吧。get down to開始做，著手做。keep up with 趕上；do away with廢除;去掉；look forward to期盼。6. In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well. I cant agree more. Its great to have the two _.(201

26、0福建) A. linked B. related C. connected D. combined解析：選D?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。答語句意為：我非常贊同。讓這兩者結(jié)合真是太好了。have sth. done.使某事被做。link聯(lián)系，連接；relate使互相關(guān)聯(lián)；connect連接；combine結(jié)合，合并。 7. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(2010福建)A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have s

27、tuck解析：選B?？疾榉侵^語動詞的用法。remain作系動詞意為“保持，繼續(xù)”，后面要接名詞、形容詞或分詞作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。據(jù)此判斷應(yīng)該選擇B項(xiàng)stuck。stuck表示“被卡住”，引申為“被滯留”。8. Duty is an act or a course of action that people _ you totake by social customs, law or religion.(2010湖北)A. persuade B. request C. instruct D. expect解析：選D?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意為：所謂職責(zé)，就是大家根據(jù)社會習(xí)俗、法律或者宗教信

28、仰期望你所采取的一種行動或行為方式。expect預(yù)料；期望；指望，符合句意。persuade說服，使某人相信；request禮貌地要求，請求；instruct命令；教授；指導(dǎo)。9. Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house _ his personality.(2010湖北)A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes解析：選C?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。句意為：對于一個人來

29、說，就像他的穿衣、吃飯以及與之度過時光的朋友一樣，他的房子代表了他的個性。reflect反射；顯示；反映，符合題意。resemble類似，像；strengthen加強(qiáng)；鞏固；shape塑造，使成形；形成；使符合。10. Had she _ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.(2010湖北)解析：選B?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：如果她遵守她的諾言，她就會成功進(jìn)入耶魯大學(xué)。look up to尊敬,仰望；live up to遵守；不辜負(fù)；keep with up趕上；come up with提出。11. Parents _

30、 much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.(2010江西) A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply解析：選A。考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：父母都十分重視教育。他們會竭盡所能給他們的孩子們那種極其珍貴的禮物。attach importance to認(rèn)為有重要性；pay付錢；link.to.把和連接在一起；apply.to.把應(yīng)用于。12. Smell the flowers before you go to sleep

31、, and you may just _ sweet dreams.(2010江西)A. keep up with B. put up withC. end up with D. catch up with解析：選C。考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：睡覺之前聞聞這些花，你就會進(jìn)入甜美的夢鄉(xiāng)。keep up with跟上； put up with忍受； end up with以為結(jié)束；catch up with趕上。13. Thousands of people _ to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.(2010遼寧)A. turned on B. tu

32、rned inC. turned around D. turned out解析：選D。考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：結(jié)果顯示有成千上萬的人觀看了昨天同愛爾蘭隊(duì)的比賽。turn out結(jié)果為；證明是；turn on打開；turn in上交,遞交；turn around轉(zhuǎn)身。14. The new movie _ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.(2010遼寧)A. promises B. agreesC. pretends D. declines 解析：選A。考查動詞詞義辨析。句意為：這部新電影有望成為電影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。promise許諾，答應(yīng)；有的希望；agree同意，贊同；pretend假裝；decline衰老，衰退。15. Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.(2010山東)A. brought up B. looked up C. picked upD. set up解析：選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。句意為：山姆只通過觀察別人操作電腦就學(xué)到了一些電腦知識。pick up學(xué)會；撿起；順車接送，搭載；收拾，整理；重新開始；獲得；bring up撫養(yǎng)，教育；提出；嘔吐；look