簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句

1、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】、句子分類按 分句子按 分 二、陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句 陳述句：用于說(shuō)明事實(shí)或說(shuō)話人的看法 疑問(wèn)句：用于提問(wèn) 祈使句：用于表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、建議等 感嘆句：用于表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的感情陳述句 有肯定和否定兩種形式，多以句號(hào)結(jié)尾，讀降調(diào)。 陳述句的否定式：be 的否定式( be 作系動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞)助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式除 not 外，其他否定詞也可以構(gòu)成否定句幾乎不用 no 表示， no = not any/anever 從不，決不，永不 seldom 很少 hardlylittle, few 幾乎沒(méi)有no one/nobody 沒(méi)有人5）nothing 什么

2、也沒(méi)有6）neither of沒(méi)有什么（兩者都不）;none of沒(méi)有任何，什么都沒(méi)有 （三者或三者以上都不 ）7）tooto太以至于不能（二）疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句（ 1）用什么詞提問(wèn)，用什么詞回答。 Are you a student? 你是一個(gè)學(xué)生嗎？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是。 / No, I m not. 不，我不是。（ 2）否定的一般疑問(wèn)句往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語(yǔ)氣。（注意 yes/no 的翻譯） Dont you watch TV at night?你晚上不看電視嗎？Yes, I do. 不，我看電視。 /No, I don t. 是的，我不看電視。（ 3）用其他詞語(yǔ)代替

3、yes/no ，使語(yǔ)氣更客氣、委婉。 Can you go to the movies with me?你能和我一起去看電影嗎？ I m afraid not. I have much homework to do.恐怕不行，我有很多作業(yè)要做。特殊疑問(wèn)句用特殊疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，不用 回答。特殊疑問(wèn)詞包括疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞和疑問(wèn)詞組。（ 1）疑問(wèn)代詞： what, who, which, whose, whom（ 2）疑問(wèn)副詞： when, where, why, how （對(duì)狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)）（ 3）疑問(wèn)詞組： how soon, how long, how far, how often等（ 4）否定

4、的特殊疑問(wèn)句一般有勸告、建議、責(zé)備等意味。Why don t you come here?= Why not come here?選擇疑問(wèn)句提出兩種或以上的情況要對(duì)方選擇，不能用 回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式。1）一般選擇疑問(wèn)句句式 Do you like tea or coffee? I like tea.（ 2）特殊選擇疑問(wèn)句句式 Which do you like better, tea or coffee? I prefer tea.反意疑問(wèn)句（ 1）結(jié)構(gòu)：“陳述部分，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句？”（ 2）原則： ， （ 3）三步走：第 1 步 將陳述部分變成一般疑問(wèn)句第 2 步 提取“助動(dòng)詞 （或

5、 be 動(dòng)詞）+主語(yǔ)”，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，要變?yōu)榇~第 3 步 前肯后否，前否后肯（能縮就縮）（ 4）回答：實(shí)事求是【翻譯】 Lucy 從不早起，是嗎？是的，她從不早起。 / 不，她有時(shí)候早起。三）祈使句特征：以 開(kāi)頭，省略第二人稱主語(yǔ) ；若要表示禮貌，可以加上語(yǔ)氣詞（Ktv肯定式否定式特殊式Stand up!Don t stand up!No smoking/parking!Be quiet!Don t be noisy!No photos!（四）感嘆句感嘆句是用來(lái)表達(dá)人的特殊感情的句子，可以表達(dá)人的喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等感情色彩。感嘆句 可以是一個(gè)單詞、一個(gè)不定式、一個(gè)由短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立句，也可以是

6、由what 或 how 引導(dǎo)的句子，句末常用“ ! ”。Great!A good job!What a good day (it is)!What terrible weather (it is)!What smart students (they are)!How terrible (the weather is)!How smart (the students are)!How fast he runs!【填空】 tall the boy is! lovely children! useful book it is! exciting news!三、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句 簡(jiǎn)單句：由一個(gè)主

7、語(yǔ) （ 或并列主語(yǔ) ）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ) （或并列謂語(yǔ) ）構(gòu)成的句子。I am a student.Lily and Lucy are twins.He went up to the door, opened it and entered.She will go there either this week or next week.并列句：由并列連詞 （and, so, but, or等） 把兩個(gè)或以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子。He did the work and he did it well.I like music, but I don t like this song.Either you

8、 leave, or Tom leaves.復(fù)合句：由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。Do you know where my bike is?John fell asleep while he was listening to the music.That is the woman I met yesterday.（一）常見(jiàn)句子成分主語(yǔ)： 句子所要說(shuō)的人或物；通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)： 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；由主動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)： 及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的對(duì)象或結(jié)果；通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)： 在系動(dòng)詞后，表明主語(yǔ)身份或特征；通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)： 修飾名詞或代詞；通常由形容詞、代

9、詞、數(shù)詞擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)： 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞；通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)怎么樣或干什么；常由形容詞、動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任 同位語(yǔ)：通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明它的情況（二）簡(jiǎn)單句五大基本句型 主系表/主謂（vi.）/主謂（vt.）賓/主謂（vt.）賓賓/主謂（vt.）賓賓補(bǔ)（三）連詞表表表表連接詞與詞或短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ) 連接簡(jiǎn)單句與簡(jiǎn)單句連詞連接主句與從句_四、三大從句（一）賓語(yǔ)從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子。We know Jack is a lazy stude nt.We are talking about whether it s a cat .He is unhappy

10、 that he didn t pass the exam.分類：動(dòng)詞后賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞后賓語(yǔ)從句、形容詞后賓語(yǔ)從句三要素：、（可省略）賓語(yǔ)從句：陳述句,-賓語(yǔ)從句：一般疑問(wèn)句 連接詞 賓語(yǔ)從句：特殊疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序 序時(shí)態(tài)難點(diǎn) 1】 只用連接詞 whether 的情況I m thinking about I should see the film.I haven t decided to go to the cinema.I m not sure or not it s worth seeing the film.結(jié)論： 【難點(diǎn) 2】 特殊疑問(wèn)句本身語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序的句子Who broke the w

11、indow?What happened last night?What s the matter/the trouble?What s up/wrong?When will we meet?【難點(diǎn) 3】 賓語(yǔ)從句和簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換I don t know what I can/should do next. = I don t know what to do next.He couldn t decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldnt decide which one to buy.Could you tell me how I can g

12、et to the zoo? = Could you tell me ?結(jié)論：1. 當(dāng)主句的 與從句的 一致時(shí)，且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know, decide, learn等時(shí)，此復(fù)合句可轉(zhuǎn)換成簡(jiǎn)單句，即從句部分改為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)是 ask, tell, show, teach 等 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，且主句的 和從句的 一致時(shí)，此復(fù)合句可轉(zhuǎn)換成簡(jiǎn)單句，即從句部分改為“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。（二）狀語(yǔ)從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的句子。The bus had left whe n we arrived at the stati on.分類：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步

13、狀語(yǔ)從句，原因狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句，比較狀語(yǔ)從句各類狀語(yǔ)從句連詞：狀語(yǔ)從句連詞（從屬連詞）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句【難點(diǎn)1】when, while, as 的區(qū)別whe n：指時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段；前后動(dòng)作可 發(fā)生或發(fā)生while :只表一段時(shí)間；前后動(dòng)作 發(fā)生，while后加動(dòng)詞（或表狀態(tài)）as :前后動(dòng)作并行發(fā)生，“一邊一邊”；“隨著”Give this bike to Maryshe comes n ext week.Retur n the book to Lilyyou have fini shed readi ng

14、it.I was doing my homeworkmy mother came in. Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk.She did sports she listened to music.難點(diǎn) 2】 because, for, since, as的區(qū)別1）because “ ” （ 從屬連詞 ） 指直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。I did that because she told me to.since “ ” ( 從屬連詞 ) 表示人們已知的事實(shí)，語(yǔ)氣比because 弱help.Since you can t answ

15、er the question, you can ask someone else foras “ ” ( 從屬連詞 ) 表示不言而喻、顯而易見(jiàn)的原因；語(yǔ)氣比 since 弱As it is raining, you d better take a taxi.4）for “”（ 連詞） 不表直接原因，表附加或推斷的理由， for 引導(dǎo)的是并列句It rained last night, for the ground is wet now.【難點(diǎn) 3】“主將 / 祈/ 情從現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象在時(shí)間 、條件 、讓步 狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句是 或或的句子時(shí)，從句要用 代替將來(lái)。Don t point at oth

16、ers with your chopsticks when you (eat).The boy is very careful when he (cross) the road.You can realize your dream as long as you (not) give up.Whatever you (do), wherever you (go), I will be here waiting for you.注意：主將從現(xiàn)只是一種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，只有“主將” ，才有“從現(xiàn)” 。時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句還可以 使用其他的很多時(shí)態(tài)。三)定語(yǔ)從句含義：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的句子。A do

17、ctor is a person who looks after people s health.結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞（指人/指物）關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分【難點(diǎn)1】定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況1）當(dāng)先行詞是 時(shí)，如：all, none, something, everything,anything,nothing, the one 等,關(guān)系詞用thatIs this school the one that you graduated from?Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?2）當(dāng)先行詞被the only,

18、the very（ 恰恰，正好）,the same, little, few, no, any等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用 thatThis is the very busI am waiti ng for.3）當(dāng)先行詞既有又有時(shí)I n ever forget the school and the people that I visited in Shan ghai.4）當(dāng)先行詞被 或修飾時(shí)This is the most in teresti ngmovie that I have ever see n.which/that?難點(diǎn) 2】 當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間 / 地點(diǎn)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞 when/where ，

19、還是關(guān)系代詞I will never forget the days we spent together.I will never forget the days I was in primary school.This is the school I often pay a visit to.This is the school that teacher once worked.精講精練】 一、判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句，并分析成分He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what

20、 he had done, she would quickly clean them with a mop.He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle.Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.、填空題A: 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及句意完成句子 TOC o 1-5 h z My sister is too young to go to

21、school, ?Nancy, sweep the classroom, ?I don t think she will agree with me, ?You had better stay at home, ? Mr. Li s never been to Canada, has he? , . He went there on business last week.B: 根據(jù)句意，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或關(guān)系詞或連接詞填空Work hard, you ll pass the test easily.This is the best book I have ever read. it rains h

22、eavily, no one is late for the class.You won t catch the bus you leave immediately.The population of China is larger that of America.He wonders his English teacher can come today.不但所有的學(xué)生而且他們的英語(yǔ)老師都已讀了這本故事書。 all the pupils their English teacher the storybook.、單項(xiàng)選擇)1.is it from the New Town to the oldc

23、ity center? Less than 30 minutes by underground.A. How soonB. How oftenC. How long D. How far)2.David, or you will get heavier.d oesn t play sports any moredoesn t eat so much meatC. don t play sports any moreD. don t eat so much meat)3.Wow!A. WhatB. How aC. What aD. How)4.The war was over about thr

24、ee months ago,the American soldiers in Iraq are Listen! Someone is playing the piano.beautiful music! I like it very much.still having a lot of trouble to deal with.A. orB. andC. butD. so( )5. Dad, please tell me when Mum . I miss her very much. She will return when she her task. And she will bring

25、a nice present for you.returns; finishesB. returns; will finishwill return; finishesD. will return; will finishD. but( )6.The environment will be worse and worse we take steps to protect it right away.unless B. although C. while( )7. she was tired, she didnt stop to have a rest.A. /; soB. Although;

26、/ C. Although; butD.Because;so( )8. I still remember the college and the teachers I visited in London years ago.A. what B. whoC. that D. which( )9. Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.A. how happy was hehow happy he washow was he happyhow he was happy( )10. Tell me .Well, it is like what i

27、s wrong with itwhat is itwhat is it likewhat the matter is with it參考答案】 【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】一、句子分類按功能分：陳述句；疑問(wèn)句 （ 一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句）；祈使句；感嘆句按結(jié)構(gòu)分：簡(jiǎn)單句；并列句；復(fù)合句 （ 名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句 ）二、陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句（二）疑問(wèn)句2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句yes/no3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句yes/no反意疑問(wèn)句（2） 前肯后否；前否后肯【翻譯】 Lucy never gets up early, does she? No, she does nt. / Yes,

28、 she does.（三）祈使句動(dòng)詞原形； you； please（四）感嘆句What + （a/an） + adj. + n.+ （subject + v.）!How + adj./adv. + （subject + v.）!【填空】 How；What；What a ； What三、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句(三)連詞并列連詞：簡(jiǎn)單句；并列句順承、并列關(guān)系(and, bothand, as well as, not only but also )，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 (but)，選擇關(guān)系 (or, eitheror ,neither nor ),因果關(guān)系 (so, for)從屬連詞：復(fù)合句(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

29、的從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞)四、三大從句賓語(yǔ)從句三要素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)連接詞： that ； whether/if ； what/when/where/which/who/how語(yǔ)序：陳述時(shí)態(tài)：主現(xiàn)從任；主過(guò)從過(guò)；客觀事實(shí) / 真理用一現(xiàn)， is【難點(diǎn) 1】只用連接詞 whether 的情況whether ； whether ； whether 結(jié)論：前有介詞狼，后有不定虎，后有 or not ，用 whether ?！倦y點(diǎn) 2】特殊疑問(wèn)句本身語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序的句子前四個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句都是陳述語(yǔ)序，不用變；最后一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句放在賓語(yǔ)的位置需變成陳述語(yǔ)序 when

30、we will meet ?！倦y點(diǎn) 3】賓語(yǔ)從句和簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)換how to get to the zoo ；主語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)；雙賓；賓語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when, while, as, before, after, until, not until, as soon as, since讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although, though, even if, even though, whatever, whenever, wherever原因狀語(yǔ)從句because, since, as 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so that ,such that 目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that , in order that比

31、較狀語(yǔ)從句asas,not so/as as,tha n難點(diǎn) 1】when， while ， as 的區(qū)別同時(shí)；先后；同時(shí)；延續(xù)性；when； when；when；while ；while ；as難點(diǎn) 2】 because, for, since, as 的區(qū)別1）因?yàn)?）既然，因?yàn)?）由于、鑒于4）因?yàn)椤⒂捎?；并列難點(diǎn) 3】“主將從現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象般將來(lái)時(shí)；祈使句；含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)； eat ； crosses ；dont ； do； go三）定語(yǔ)從句人；who;主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)人；whom賓語(yǔ) 物； which ；主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)人/物；that ;主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)人/物；whose;定語(yǔ)原因 (n.)；why;狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn) (n.)；where;狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間 (n.)；when;狀語(yǔ)難點(diǎn) 1】定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞只能用that 的情況1）不定代詞 2 ）that3）人；物4）最高級(jí)；序數(shù)詞5） that難點(diǎn) 2】當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間 / 地點(diǎn)時(shí)