高中英語(yǔ)必修三 4.2 Reading and Thinking 練習(xí)（解析版）

1、Unit 4 Space ExplorationPeriod 2 Reading and Thinking練習(xí)I.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思拼寫單詞。1.To many people, technology means computers, handheld devices, or _ (交通工具) that travel to distant planets. 【答案】：vehicles2An apple falls down because of _ (重力)【答案】：gravity3Each human being has to die, but _ (人類) goes on world withou

2、t end.【答案】：mankind4The astronauts trained for years in how to use their _ (宇宙飛船)【答案】：spacecrafts5Where have all those boats gone in the _ (碼頭)?【答案】：dock6The Earth is only one of the numerous planets in the u_.【答案】：universe7They put a weather satellite into the o_ around the earth.【答案】：orbit8You can

3、book at your local travel a_.【答案】：agency9Before the traffic s_ turns to green light, please dont cross the street.【答案】：signal10The ceremony was t_ live by satellite to over fifty countries.【答案】：transmitted【解析】本題考查單詞在語(yǔ)境中的適當(dāng)形式。.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Nepal has _ (frontier) with both India and China. 【答案】：frontiers2Th

4、e _ (datum) were collected from 69 countries.【答案】：data3The six astronauts _ board will spend ten days in space.【答案】：on4After a short break, the match carried _.【答案】：on5My leg got injured. I couldnt walk _ (independent). 【答案】：independently【解析】本題考查學(xué)生單句語(yǔ)法填空能力。.單句寫作1他們決意回到祖先的土地上。They were _ go back to t

5、he land of their ancestors. 【答案】：determined to2俗話說(shuō)你必須三思而后行。You have to look _， as the saying goes. 【答案】：before you leap3對(duì)你的拒絕我感到非常失望。I was _ your refusal.【答案】：disappointed at4我非?？释軌驇椭驼疹櫵?。I had a strong _ and care for people.【答案】：desire to help5我們來(lái)這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，是希望過(guò)一種簡(jiǎn)單的生活。We came to this small town _ livi

6、ng a simple life. 【答案】：in the hope of【解析】本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)于短語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)境中的適當(dāng)形式。III.閱讀理解。（每個(gè)2.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation (航空) Center If youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designe

7、d to challenge and inspire with handson tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pil

8、ot, and they leave with realworld applications for what theyre studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (榮譽(yù)徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks an

9、d try simulated (模擬) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (駕駛艙) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also

10、 get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about land and water survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun i

11、s available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a weekthere is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at www. .篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了人們可以在航空航天中心體驗(yàn)冒險(xiǎn)的樂(lè)趣，還可

12、以得到相關(guān)且專業(yè)的訓(xùn)練。1Why do people come to SAC?ATo experience adventures.BTo look for jobs in aviation.CTo get a degree in engineering.DTo learn more about medicine.【答案】：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，人們來(lái)SAC是為了體驗(yàn)冒險(xiǎn)。故選A。2To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to _.Afly to spaceBget an Aviation badge firstCstu

13、dy the principles of flightDbuild and fire model rockets【答案】：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，為了獲得太空探索榮譽(yù)徽章，學(xué)員們需要建造和發(fā)射火箭模型。故選D。3What is the most important for trainees?ALeadership. BTeam spirit.CTask planning. DSurvival skills.【答案】：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，在所有的項(xiàng)目中，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作是關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)閷W(xué)員知道了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力以及成為更大任務(wù)中的一分子的重要性。因此對(duì)于學(xué)員來(lái)說(shuō)，最重要的是團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。故選B。

14、BMaking beer on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earths surface. The Lab2Moon competition, held by TeamIndus, is offering students the chance to secure a spot on

15、the TeamIndus rocket this year.Taking craft beer to the next level, the students want to test whether its possible for yeast (酵母) to work and create beer on the moon. However, they believe the experiment is not just a creative concept for astronauts, its also important for the development of drugs a

16、nd yeastcontaining foods, like bread. “The idea started out with a few laughs among a group of friends，” said Neeki Ashari, a fifthyear bioengineering student at UC San Diego. “We all appreciate the craft of beer. When we heard that there was an opportunity to design an experiment that would appear

17、on Indias moonlander, we thought we could combine our hobby with the competition by focusing on the practicality (可行性) of yeast in outer space.”The preparation work for the beerup to the stage of adding yeastwill all be done on Earth, and rather than separating the fermentation (發(fā)酵) and carbonation

18、stages of making beer, the team plans to combine them.This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space.If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first to make beer in outer space, and the fermentation will take place

19、 in a vessel no bigger than a soda can.All teams competing for the place will showcase their ideas in Bangalore, India.Sadly, you wont be enjoying moon beer in your local craft beer bar anytime soon, as no samples will be brought back. However, this small experiment could provide important data on j

20、ust how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了由TeamIndus舉辦的Lab2Moon比賽有望讓來(lái)自加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的一組學(xué)生們?cè)谠虑蛏厢勗炱【频膲?mèng)想得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。4How did the students feel when they got the chance to design the

21、 experiment?AExcited. BNervous.CConfident. DCasual.【答案】：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，雖然在月球上釀造啤酒對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)是白日夢(mèng)，但是對(duì)一群來(lái)自加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，他們有機(jī)會(huì)在地球以外開展他們的研究，又根據(jù)第四段中的“We all appreciate the craft of beer . of yeast in outer space.”可推知，他們有做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)應(yīng)是興奮的，故A項(xiàng)正確。5What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to?AThe

22、 mixing of two stages.BAdding yeast on Earth.CThe preparation work on Earth.DFermentation and carbonation.【答案】：A指代判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“rather than separating . to combine them”可知，該實(shí)驗(yàn)小組在準(zhǔn)備工作中計(jì)劃把發(fā)酵過(guò)程和碳化過(guò)程結(jié)合起來(lái)；結(jié)合第六段可知，這種準(zhǔn)備工作排除了在這個(gè)過(guò)程中釋放累積的二氧化碳的需要，這種需要可能導(dǎo)致外太空的清潔和安全問(wèn)題。據(jù)此可推知，This指代把發(fā)酵過(guò)程和碳化過(guò)程兩個(gè)階段結(jié)合起來(lái)，故A項(xiàng)正確。6What can

23、 we learn about the experiment from the passage?AIt has been designed based on similar experiments.BIts quite competitive compared with other designs.CIts design has already been approved by TeamIndus.DIts process was adapted to make it safer and greener.【答案】：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段可知，這種準(zhǔn)備工作排除了在這個(gè)過(guò)程中釋放累積的二氧化碳的

24、需要，這種需要可能導(dǎo)致外太空的清潔和安全問(wèn)題；根據(jù)第七段可知，發(fā)酵過(guò)程將在一個(gè)不比蘇打罐大的容器中進(jìn)行。據(jù)此可推知，該實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程經(jīng)過(guò)改造后，將更安全、環(huán)保，故D項(xiàng)正確。7What does the author think of the students idea?AIt seems like a pipe dream.BIts extremely complicated.CIts meaningful and hopeful.DIts creative but impractical.【答案】：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段末句“However, this small experiment cou

25、ld provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moons by learning how consumables behave in different environments.”可知，通過(guò)了解消耗品在不同環(huán)境中的反應(yīng)，這個(gè)小實(shí)驗(yàn)可以提供重要的數(shù)據(jù)，告訴我們?cè)谄渌行呛驮虑蛏现圃煳覀冏约旱馁Y源的可行性。據(jù)此可推知，作者認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)是有意義、有希望的，故C項(xiàng)正確。CTry this: For an ent

26、ire day, forget about the clock. Eat when youre hungry and sleep when youre tired. What do you think will happen?You may be surprised to find that your day is much like most other days. Youll probably get hungry when you normally eat and tired when you normally sleep. Even though you dont know what

27、time it is, your body does. These patterns of daily life are called circadian rhythms (生理節(jié)奏), and they are more than just habits. Inside our bodies are several clocklike systems that follow a roughly 24hour cycle. Throughout the day and night, our inner clocks directly changes in temperature, body c

28、hemicals, hunger, sleepiness and more.Everyones rhythms are different, which is why you might like to stay up late while your sister always wants to go to bed early. But on the whole, everyone is programmed to feel tired at night and energetic during the day. Learning about our body clocks may help

29、scientists understand why problems arise when we act out of step with our circadian rhythms. For example, traveling across time zones can make people wake up in the middle of the night. Regularly staying up late can make kids do worse in tests.“There is a growing sense that when we eat and when we s

30、leep are important parts of how healthy we are，” says Steven Shea, director of the Sleep Disorders Program at Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston.One way to learn about how our body clocks tick is to mess them up and see what happens. Thats what neurologist (神經(jīng)病學(xué)家) Frank Scheer and his workmates d

31、id in a recent study. Staying up night after night, their studies suggest, could make kids extra hungry and more likely to gain weight. And regularly sleeping too little, Scheer says, may be one cause of the recent increase in childhood obesity.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述長(zhǎng)期形成的生理節(jié)奏會(huì)保持我們的正常生活，生物鐘紊亂會(huì)影響我們的生活。8

32、What will happen if you forget about the clock according to the passage?AYou will feel upset.BYou will behave normally.CYour body will not know what time it is.DYou will probably get hungry more easily.【答案】：B推理判斷題。第二段中的第一、二句“You may be surprised to find that your day is much like most other days. Yo

33、ull probably get hungry when you normally eat and tired when you normally sleep.”說(shuō)明你可能會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，你的一天和大多數(shù)其他日子很相似。由此可知即使不知道時(shí)間，人們的作息也會(huì)和平時(shí)一樣。故B項(xiàng)正確。9Mike feels energetic at 12 midnight while Tom feels sleepy. What advice would be given by the writer?ABoth should see a doctor.BTom should see a doctor.CBoth s

34、hould take it easy.DMike should have a watch.【答案】：C推理判斷題。第三段中的第一句“Everyones rhythms are different, which is why you might like to stay up late while your sister always wants to go to bed early.”表明每個(gè)人的節(jié)奏都不一樣，這就是為什么你可能喜歡熬夜，而你姐姐總是想早點(diǎn)睡覺。由此可知，Mike在半夜12點(diǎn)感到精力充沛，而Tom卻昏昏欲睡。是生理節(jié)奏不同，不是身體有問(wèn)題，所以不必在意。故C項(xiàng)正確。10How

35、do Frank Scheer and his workmates study body clocks?ABy seeing what happens when they are messed up.BBy asking questions and collecting answers.CBy studying people traveling across time zones.DBy programming people with manmade clocks.【答案】：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段第一句“One way to learn about how our body clocks ti

36、ck is to mess them up and see what happens.”說(shuō)明了解我們的生物鐘是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的一個(gè)方法是把它們弄亂，看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么。結(jié)合該段第二句可知Frank Scheer及其工作伙伴正是用這種方法做近期的研究的。故A項(xiàng)正確。11What will the writer most probably talk about next?AOther examples of what people will do when their body clocks go wrong.BSome effective medicines that can keep people fr

37、om putting on weight.CThe importance of eating healthy food.DWhat circadian rhythms are and how they work.【答案】：A推理判斷題。由最后一段最后兩句可知，他們的研究表明，夜復(fù)一夜的熬夜會(huì)讓孩子更加饑餓，更有可能發(fā)胖。Scheer說(shuō)，經(jīng)常睡眠太少可能是兒童肥胖最近增加的原因之一。承接上文生物鐘紊亂所帶來(lái)的不良影響，推斷作者在下文還要繼續(xù)列舉生物鐘紊亂的例子和不良影響。故A項(xiàng)正確。DMany years ago, people relied on the sun, the moon and s

38、tars to find their way around. Later, the compass was introduced. And now, we have satnav (衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航) systems to guide us. A satnav system uses groups of satellites to show the users location. They send information to a receiver, such as a smartphone, to show us where we are.The earliest built satnav sys

39、tem is the Global Positioning Satellite System, which belongs to the US. Then there is Russias Global Navigation Satellite system, the European Unions Galileo and Chinas own satellite navigation system, Beidou.On October 18, 2017, an ARJ21700 plane, which was the first domestically (國(guó)內(nèi)地) produced je

40、t equipped with the Beidou navigation system, successfully completed a test flight. The results showed the performance of the system developed by China matches that of similar systems produced abroad, according to the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.Since its introduction in 2000, the Beido

41、u navigation system has been increasing numbers of applications linked to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.When it comes to shared bikes, smart locks that support Beidou chips offer more accurate positioning than others, making it easier to find a bike.Farmers can use Beidouenabled tracto

42、rs to plow (犁) the soil and use unmanned aircraft with Beidou to sow seeds, which can improve efficiency and make better use of resources. Beidous farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang Province to Beijing, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei and other regions across China.With its many uses, the Be

43、idou navigation system is even playing a big role in the Belt and Road Initiative (一帶一路). “To date, the Beidou system has covered most parts of the AsiaPacific region, as well as countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，” said Yang Changfeng, chief designer

44、 of the Beidou system.Today, there are more than 20 Beidou satellites above our heads, and China plans to launch even more this year to expand the Beidou network to better serve the Belt and Road Initiative.“As Beidou expands its overseas reach, it will be increasingly popular in the logistics (物流)

45、industry，” said Miao Qianjun, Secretary General of the navigation services association. “Ships, for example, can use it to position themselves while sailing across oceans to European countries, no longer limited to Southeast Asian regions in the near future.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了中國(guó)的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)北斗在生活中的重要作用。

46、12What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs?ATo compare some modern satnav systems.BTo describe the benefits of satnav systems.CTo tell us how satnav systems were created.DTo introduce some satnav systems and their functions.【答案】：D推理判斷題。第一段最后兩句“A satnav system . where we are.”介紹了衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)用和作用；第

47、二段介紹了幾個(gè)國(guó)家的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，所以前兩段的目的是介紹了幾種衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)及其功能，故選D。13What can we know about the Beidou navigation system according to the article?AIt was used successfully in a new jet plane.BIt is more powerful than other satnav systems.CIt was introduced to China on October, 2017.DIt wasnt used in our everyday life un

48、til recently.【答案】：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一句“On October 18, 2017 . completed a test flight.”(2017年10月18日，首架搭載北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的國(guó)產(chǎn)噴氣式飛機(jī)ARJ21700成功完成試飛。)故選A。14According to the article, the Beidou navigation system is already widely used for _.Aplowing the soil and sowing seedsBimproving the efficiency of networkCproducing mo

49、re smart locks for shared bikesDnavigating ships across oceans to European countries【答案】：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第六段第一句可知北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)可被應(yīng)用于耕地和播種，由第六段第二句可知其已被廣泛應(yīng)用，故選A。15What is Miao Qianjuns attitude toward the future of the Beidou system?AWorried. BCasual.CPositive. DDoubtful.【答案】：C推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“As Beidou expands its over

50、seas reach, it will be increasingly popular in the logistics (物流) industry， said Miao Qianjun”(“隨著北斗向海外擴(kuò)張，它在物流業(yè)中將越來(lái)越受歡迎，”苗千軍說(shuō)。)可推斷出Miao Qianjun對(duì)北斗系統(tǒng)的未來(lái)持積極態(tài)度，故選C。V 七選五第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Gardening 380 Kilometers above EarthAstronauts have to go through p

51、hysical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isnt a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food

52、in space. _16_ Because of this, its not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. _17_ Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. T

53、hey can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraftthe only air the astronauts can breathe._18_ Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots dont “know” to