2017年6月英語六級聽力原文(卷一)

1、精細(xì)；挑選；精細(xì)；挑選；2017年6月英語六級聽力原文（卷一）W:WelcometoWorkPlace.Andintodaysprogram,werelookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic-happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancy,whointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedato

2、ptenofthefactors,whichmakepeoplehappyatwork.Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfac

3、torwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingonesachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.W:So,wearenotmainlymotivatedbymoney?M:Apparentlynot.W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedth

4、emselvesasveryhappyatwork.However,20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.W:Thatsquitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.M:Itis,isntit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful:peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswi

5、thlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.W:Yes,weare,arentwe?M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.W:Arebosseshappierthanthei

6、remployees?M:Yes,perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Q1:WhatistheNo.1factorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?Q2:Whatisthepercentageofthepeople

7、surveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?Q3:Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?Q4:Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?W:Mr.DeKeyzer,ImagreatloverofyourbookMomentsBeforetheFlood.Canyoutellushowyoufirstbecameinterestedinthissubjectmatter?M:In2006,whentheconcerthallofthecityofBr

8、ugesaskedmetotakesomepicturesforacatalogueforanewconcertseasonaroundthethemeofwater,IfoundmyselfworkingalongtheBelgiancoastline.Astherehadbeennumerousalarmingarticlesinthepressaboutaclimatecatastrophewaitingtohappen,Istartedlookingattheseaandthebeachverydifferently,aplacewhereIspentsomanyperfectdays

9、asachild.Thisfearofaloomingdangerbecamethesubjectofalarge-scalephotoproject.W:Youwroteinthebook:Idontwanttophotographthedisaster,Iwanttophotographthedisasterwaitingtohappen.”Canyoutalkabitaboutthat?M:ItisclearnowthatitisamatteroftimebeforetheentireEuropeancoastlinedisappearsunderwater.Thesamegoesfor

10、numerousbigcitiesaroundtheworld.Myideawastophotographthisbeautifulandveryuniquecoastline,richinhistory,beforeitstoolaastaelastwitness.W:Canyoutalkabitabouthowhistoryplaysaroleinthisproject?M:Sure.TheprojectisalsoaboutthehistoryofEuropelookingattheseaandwonderingwhenthenextenemywouldappear.Intheimage

11、s,youseeallkindsofpossibledefenseconstructionstoholdbacktheRomans,Germans,Vikings,andnownatureasenemynumberone.Forexample,thereistheimageofthebridgeintotheseatakenattheNormandyD-Daylandingsite.Also,Venice,thecityeternallythreatenedbythesea,whereeverymorningwoodenpathwayshavetobesetuptoallowtouristst

12、oreachtheirhotels.W:Thankyou,Mr.DeKeyzer.Itwasapleasuretohaveyouwithustoday.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Q5.WhatdoesthemansayaboutthebookMomentsBeforetheFlood?Q6.Whendidthemangethisideaforthework?Q7.Whatwillhappenwhentheclimatecatastropheoccurs?Q8.WhatdoesthemansayaboutVeni

13、ce?SectionBPassage1Whenfacinganewsituation,somepeopletendtorehearsetheirdefeatbyspendingtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheworst.Iremembertalkingwithayounglawyerwhowasabouttobeginherfirstjurytrial.Shewasverynervous.Iaskedwhatimpressionshewantedtomakeonthejury.Shereplied:”Idontwanttolooktooinexperienced,Idont

14、wantthemtosuspectthisismyfirsttrial.”Thislawyerhadfallenvictimstothedontssyndromeaformofnegativegoalssetting.Thedontscanbeself-fulfillingbecauseyourmindresponsetopictures.ResearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshowsamentalimagefiresthenervesystemthesamewayasactuallydoingsomething.Thatmeanswhenagolfert

15、ellshimself:”Donthittheballintothewater.”Hismindseestheimageoftheballflyingintothewater.Soguesswheretheballwillgo?Consequently,beforegoingintoanystressfulsituation,focusonlyonwhatyouwanttohavehappen.Iaskedthelawyeragainhowshewantedtoappearatherfirsttrial.Andthistimeshesaid:”Iwanttolookprofessionalan

16、dself-assured.”Itoldhertocreateapictureofwhatself-assuredwouldlooklike.Toher,itmeantmovingconfidentlyaroundthecourtroom,usingconvincingbodylanguageandprojectinghervoice,soitcouldbeheardfromthejudgesbenchtothebackdoor.Shealsoimaginedaskillfulclosingargumentandawinningtrial.Afewweeksafterthispositives

17、tress（不確定）rehearsal,theyounglawyerdidwin.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Q9:whatdosomepeopledowhentheyfaceanewsituation?Q10:whatdoestheresearchconductedatStanfordUniversityshow?Q11:whatadvicedoesthespeakergivetopeopleinastressfulsituation?Q12:whatdowelearnaboutthelawyerinthecourt?

18、Passage2MostAmericansdonteatenoughfruits,vegetablesorwholegrains,researchersnowsaysaddingfibertoteendietmayhelplowertheriskofbreastcancer.Conversationsaboutthebenefitsoffiberareprobablymorecommoninnursinghomesthanhighschools.Butalongcomesanewstudythatcouldchangethat.KristiKing，adietspecialistatTexas

19、ChildrensHospitalfindsitshardtogetteenagerpatientsattentionabouthealthyeatingbuttellingthemthateatinglotsofhigh-fiberfoodscouldreducetheriskofbreastcancerbeforemiddleage.Thatsapowerfulmessage.Thenewfindingisbasedonastudyof44,000women.Theyweresurveyedabouttheirdietsduringhighschool,andtheireatinghabi

20、tsweretrackedfortwodecades.Itturnsoutthatthosewhoconsumedthehighestlevelsoffiberduringadolescencehadalowerriskofdevelopingbreastcancer,comparedtothewomenwhoatetheleastfiber.Thisimportantstudydemonstratesthatthemorefiberyoueatduringyourhighschoolyears,theloweryourriskisindevelopingbreastcancerinlater

21、life.Thefindingpointstolong-standingevidencethatfibermayreducecirculatingfemalehormonelevels,whichcouldexplainthereducedrisk.Thebottomlinehereisthemorefiberyoueat,perhaps,alowerlevelofhormoneinyourbody,andtherefore,alowerlifetimeriskofdevelopingbreastcancer.High-fiberdietsarealsolinkedtoareducedrisk

22、ofheartdiseaseanddiabetes.Thatswhywomenaretoldtoeat25gramsafiberaday-menevenmore.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Q13.Whatdoesthenewstudytellaboutaddingfibertotheteendiet?Q14.Whatdowelearnaboutthesurveyofthe44,000women?Q15.Whatexplanationdoesthespeakerofferfortheresearchfinding?Pa

23、ssage1Wellmycurrentresearchisreallyaboutconsumerbehavior.SorecentlyIvelookedatyoungpeoplesdrinkinganditsobviouslyamajorconcerntoGovernmentatthemoment.Ivealsolookedathowolderpeoplearerepresentedinthemedia;again,itsofmajorcurrentinterestwitholderpeoplebecomingamuchlargerproportionofUKandindeedworldsoc

24、iety.Imalsointerestedinhowconsumersoperateonline,andhowthatonlinebehaviormightbedifferentfromhowtheyoperateofflinewhentheygototheshops.Well,Ithinkthattheimportantthinghereistoactuallyunderstandwhatshappeningfromtheconsumersperspective.OneofthethingsthatbusinessesandindeedGovernmentorganizationsoften

25、failtodoistoreallyseewhatishappeningfromtheconsumersperspective.Forexample,inthecaseofyoungpeoplesdrinking,oneofthethingsthatIveidentifiedisthatdrinkingforpeoplesaybetweentheagesof18and24isallaboutthesocialactivity.AlotoftheGovernmentadvertisinghasbeenaboutindividualresponsibility,butactuallyunderst

26、andingthatdrinkingisverymuchaboutthesocialactivityandfindingwaystohelpyoungpeoplegethomesafelyandnotendupinhospitalisoneofthethingsthatwevetriedtopresentthere.Thekeythingaboutconsumerbehavioristhatitsverymuchabouthowconsumerschange.Marketsalwayschangefasterthanmarketing;sowehavetolookatwhatconsumers

27、aredoing.CurrentlyIteachconsumerbehaviortoundergraduatesintheirsecondyearandwelookatallkindsofthingsinconsumerbehaviorandparticularlyhowconsumersarepresentedinadvertising.Sotheygetinvolvedbylookingatadvertisingandreallycriticallyassessingtheconsumerbehavioraspectsofitandgettinginvolvedsometimesdoing

28、primaryresearch.Forexample,lastyearmystudentsspentaweeklookingattheirownpurchasingandanalyzeditindetailfromshoppingtotherelationshipthattheyhavewiththeirretailbanksandtheirmobilephoneproviders.Ithinktheyfounditveryusefulanditalsohelpedthemidentifyjustwhatkindofbudgetstheyhadtoo.Thefactofthematterist

29、hattheresawholerangeofinterestingresearchoutthereandIthinkastheyearsgoon,theresgoingtobemuchmoreforustoconsiderandcertainlymuchmoreforstudentstobecomeinvolvedin.Whatisthespeakercurrentlydoing?Whathasthespeakerfoundaboutyoungpeoplesdrinking?Whatdoesthespeakersaythathisstudentsdidlastyear?Passage2Swed

30、enwasthefirstEuropeancountrytoprintandusepapermoney,butitmaysoondoawaywithphysicalcurrencies.Bankscansavealotofmoneyandavoidregulatoryheadachesbymovingtoacash-freesystem,andtheycanalsoavoidbankrobberies,theft,anddirtymoney.ClaerBarrett,theeditorofFinancialTimesMoney,saystheWesternworldisheadedtoward

31、aworldwithoutphysicalcurrency.AndyHolderthechiefeco|nomistatTheBankofEnglandsuggestedthattheUKmovetowardsagovernment-backeddigitalcurrency.Butdoesacashlesssocietyreallymakegoodeconomicsense?Thefactthatcashisbeingdrawnoutofsociety,islessafeatureofoureverydaylives,andtheeaseofelectronicpaymentsisthisa

32、ctuallymakingusspendmoremoneywithoutrealizingit?Barrettwantedtofindoutiftheabsenceofphysicalcurrencydoesindeedcauseapersontospendmore,soshedecidedtoconductanexperimentafewmonthsago.Shedecidedthatshewasgoingtotrytojustusecashfortwoweekstomakeallofheressentialpurchasesandseewhatthatwoulddotoherspendin

33、g.Shefoundshedidspendalotlessmoneybecauseitisincrediblyhardtopredicthowmuchcashoneisgoingtoneedshewasforeverdrawingmoneyoutofcashpoints.Monthslater,shewasstillfindingcashstuffedinhertrouserpocketsandthepocketsofherhandbags.Duringtheexperiment,Barretttookatrainride.Ontheway,therewasanannouncementthat

34、therestaurantcarwasnotcurrentlyacceptingcreditcards.Thetraincarswerefilledwithgroansbecausemanyofthepassengersweretravelingwithoutcash.Itunderlinesjusthowmuchthingshavechangedinthelastgeneration,Barrettsays.Myparents,whentheywereyounger,usedtobudgetbyputtingmoneyintoenvelopestheydgetpaidandtheydimme

35、diatelyseparatethecashintopilesandputtheminenvelopes,sotheyknewwhattheyhadtospendweekbyweek.Itwasaveryeffectivewayforthemtokeeptrackoftheirspending.Nowadays,werealloncreditcards,weredoingonlinepurchases,andmoneyiskindofbecomingalessphysicalandmoreimaginarytypeofthingthatwecantgetourhandsaround.Q19.W

36、hatdowelearnaboutSweden?Q20.WhatdidClaerBarrettwanttofindoutwithherexperiment?Q21.WhatdidClaerBarrettfindonhertrainride?Q22.Howdidpeopleofthelastgenerationbudgettheirspending?Passage3Whyshouldyouconsidertakingacourseindemographyincollege?Youllbegrowingupinagenerationwherethebabyboomersaregoingintore

37、tirementanddying.Youwillfacetheproblemsintheagingofthepopulationthathaveneverbeenfacedbefore.Youwillhearmoreandmoreaboutmigrationbetweencountriesandbetweenruralareasandcities.Youneedtounderstandasacitizenandasataxpayerandasavoterwhatsreallybehindthearguments.Iwanttotellyouaboutthepast,presentandfutu

38、reofthehumanpopulation.Soletsstartwithafewproblems.Rightnow,abillionpeoplearechronicallyhungry.Thatmeanstheywakeuphungry,theyarehungryallday,andtheygotosleephungry.Abillionpeoplearelivinginslums,notthesamebillionpeople,butthereissomeoverlap.Livinginslumsmeanstheydonthaveinfrastructuretotakethegarbageaway,theydonthavesecurewaetrsuppliestodrink.Nearlyabillionpeopleareilliterate.Trytoimagineyourlifebeingilliterate.Youcantreadthelabelsonthebottlesinthesupermarket,ifyoucangettoasupermarket.Two-thirdsofthosepeoplewhoareilliteratearewomenandab