新人教必修一 Unit5 Languages around the world-人與社會(huì)-歷史、社會(huì)與文化-2023年高考英語(yǔ)單元主題素材閱讀+寫(xiě)作（原卷版）

1、目錄 TOC o 1-5 h z 必修 1 Unit 5 Languages Around The World2 HYPERLINK l bookmark12 o Current Document The Chinese Writing System: Connecting The Past And The Present2 HYPERLINK l bookmark14 o Current Document Learning English2譯文：3 HYPERLINK l bookmark20 o Current Document 詞匯翻譯訓(xùn)練5名校模擬試題閱讀7 HYPERLINK l b

2、ookmark22 o Current Document 01中國(guó)打造更懂英語(yǔ)的社會(huì)7 HYPERLINK l bookmark24 o Current Document 02為語(yǔ)言消失做努力8真題閱讀10 HYPERLINK l bookmark0 o Current Document 01語(yǔ)音因飲食而消失10 HYPERLINK l bookmark2 o Current Document 02語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序11主題寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練一一語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)12 HYPERLINK l bookmark4 o Current Document 01用英語(yǔ)傳播文化12 HYPERLINK l bookmark6

3、 o Current Document 02長(zhǎng)時(shí)間網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)13 HYPERLINK l bookmark8 o Current Document 03漢語(yǔ)冬令營(yíng)活動(dòng)14 HYPERLINK l bookmark10 o Current Document 04感謝老師輔導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)14D. What he did is of great importance to protect those languages.真題閱讀01語(yǔ)音因飲食而消失Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common m and a

4、to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Cha

5、rles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as nf and v, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the u

6、pper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned （對(duì)齊）,making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure （結(jié)構(gòu)）,making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change i

7、n bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didnt have to do as much work and so didnt grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world l

8、anguages after the Neolithic age, with the use of nf and vn increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human b

9、eings evolved around 300,000 years ago. nThe set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolu

10、tion/1 said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasis research focus on?A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.Why was it difficult for anc

11、ient human adults to produce labiodentals?They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.They could not open and close their lips easily.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?Supporting evidence for the research result

12、s.Potential application of the research findings.A further explanation of the research methods.A reasonable doubt about the research process.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a

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20、ers.What lies at the core of the Lancom app? ()A. A flexible system.B. An effective method.C. The brain-training technique.D. The informative content.Lancom claims that it is unique in its.()A. personalised coursesB. multiple languagesC. pricing policyD. service team主題寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練一一語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)01用英語(yǔ)傳播文化假定你是班級(jí)英語(yǔ)課代表李

21、華，請(qǐng)參照以下提示，用英文寫(xiě)一份建議書(shū)，提倡全班同學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)傳 播中國(guó)文化。要點(diǎn)提小:.提出信議：.用英語(yǔ)傳播中國(guó)文化的意義：,用英語(yǔ)傳播中國(guó)文化的方法。注意：1.寫(xiě)作字?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)為80左右：2,請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答，答題卡中不用再寫(xiě)已給開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。Dear fellow students,The Students, Union02長(zhǎng)時(shí)間網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)假定你是你班英語(yǔ)科代表李華，得知許多同學(xué)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。就此請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給你班同學(xué)發(fā)一封 電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：.陳述長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)造成的影響；.你的建議（控制時(shí)間，多種形式相結(jié)合等）。注意：.詞數(shù)100左右；.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使

22、行文連貫。03漢語(yǔ)冬令營(yíng)活動(dòng)假定你是李華。你的美國(guó)筆友Tom對(duì)中國(guó)文化有濃厚的興趣。恰好你校今年寒假將為外國(guó)學(xué)生舉辦一場(chǎng)漢語(yǔ)冬令營(yíng)活動(dòng)(Chinese Winter Camp),請(qǐng)你給他發(fā)一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：.時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；.內(nèi)容：學(xué)習(xí)日常漢語(yǔ)、了解中國(guó)歷史和傳統(tǒng)文化、參觀博物館等；.報(bào)名方式和截止時(shí)間。注意：1 .詞數(shù)：120左右。2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dear Tom,Yours,Lihua04感謝老師輔導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)假如你叫李華，你的英語(yǔ)老師Peter在你因病住院期間經(jīng)常在線輔導(dǎo)你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，鼓勵(lì)你積極面對(duì)生活，戰(zhàn)勝困難，請(qǐng)給他寫(xiě)一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括:.表示感謝；.回顧幫助；.邀

23、請(qǐng)來(lái)中國(guó)游玩。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右;2,可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dear Peter,Yours,Yours,Yours,Li HuaYours,Li Hua必修 1 Unit 5 Languages Around The WorldThe Chinese Writing System: Connecting The Past And The PresentChina is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despit

24、e the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu - animal bones and she

25、lls on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in todays hanzi.By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600 - 1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a ti

26、me when people were divided geographically leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221-207BCE).Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to devel

27、op in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present

28、 is connected with its past. People in modem times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an importan

29、t part of Chinese culture.Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate Chinas culture and history through this amazing language.Learning Eng

30、lishWang Le: Hey, everybody, what are your biggest problems with learning English?Liu Wen: Hi! Fve been studying English since primary school. I used to get high marks in English, but now Im having a lot of trouble with my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can

31、 catch only a few words. I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice?Jia Xin: Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. Sometimes I even record my voice so I can li

32、sten to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio hosts! My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. Its so much easier to just say Open the window!”，but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who Im talking to and then decide whether to say, Open the windo

33、w, please! or Could you open the window, please?” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please?”Li Rui: Yeah, thats really hard! I think it all depends on who youre talking to. If Fm talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like Open the window”-our relationship is close and

34、 were equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. But if Tm talking to someone who isnt very close to me, I must make my request longer-and I must make it a question, not a demand, eg, “Could you open the window, please? If Fm talking to someone senior to me, then I should say,

35、Would you mind opening the window, please?” For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem-there are just SO MANY new words! I can,t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly cant remember how to use them all properly. HELP!譯文:漢語(yǔ)書(shū)寫(xiě)體系：連接古今盡管歷史跌宕起伏，中國(guó)因其古老文明一直延續(xù)至今而聞名于世。其存續(xù)的原因有很多，但主要因素

36、之一是漢字的書(shū)寫(xiě)體系。起初，漢語(yǔ)是一種基于圖形的語(yǔ)言。它可以追溯到數(shù)千年前使用龍骨的時(shí)期古代中國(guó)人在這些骨 頭和殼上面刻畫(huà)簡(jiǎn)單的符號(hào)。這些符號(hào)在今天的漢字中仍然可以看到。到商朝（約公元前1600年前1046年右）時(shí)，這些符號(hào)已經(jīng)演變成一套完善的書(shū)寫(xiě)體系。在隨后的年 代里，這一體系開(kāi)展成了不同的形式，這是由于當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)人居住地域的分隔，從而導(dǎo)致不同的方言和漢字 變體的產(chǎn)生。然而，這在秦朝（公元前221 .前207年）秦始皇統(tǒng)治時(shí)期發(fā)生了變化。秦始皇統(tǒng)一七個(gè)諸侯國(guó)后，在這個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國(guó)家里，漢字書(shū)寫(xiě)體系開(kāi)始朝著一個(gè)方向開(kāi)展。這一書(shū)寫(xiě)體 系對(duì)于團(tuán)結(jié)中國(guó)人民和中國(guó)文化具有重要意義。即使在今天，不管住在哪里，

37、也不管說(shuō)何種方言，中國(guó)人 都仍能通過(guò)書(shū)寫(xiě)（文字）進(jìn)行交流。漢語(yǔ)也成為連接中國(guó)現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的一個(gè)重要媒介?，F(xiàn)代中國(guó)人可以閱讀古代中國(guó)人撰寫(xiě)的經(jīng)典作品。 中國(guó)人對(duì)其書(shū)寫(xiě)體系推崇備至，這表達(dá)在漢字開(kāi)展為一種藝術(shù)形式書(shū)法。書(shū)法已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)文化的重 要組成局部。如今，漢字書(shū)寫(xiě)體系仍然是中國(guó)文化的重要組成局部。隨著中國(guó)在全球事務(wù)中扮演著越來(lái)越重要的角 色，越來(lái)越多的國(guó)際學(xué)生開(kāi)始通過(guò)漢字這一奇妙的語(yǔ)言了解和欣賞中國(guó)的文化和歷史。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)王樂(lè)：嘿，各位，請(qǐng)問(wèn)你們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)時(shí)遇到的最大問(wèn)題是什么？劉文：你好！我從小學(xué)就開(kāi)始一直學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。我以前英語(yǔ)成績(jī)挺好的，但現(xiàn)在我的聽(tīng)力有很大的麻煩。我 在視頻中聽(tīng)以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的

38、人說(shuō)話時(shí)，只能聽(tīng)明白幾個(gè)單詞。我從來(lái)就沒(méi)能完全搞懂過(guò)大意。有什么建議 嗎？佳欣：聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)廣播節(jié)目有助于我習(xí)慣母語(yǔ)人士的說(shuō)速。我還會(huì)復(fù)述我所聽(tīng)到的，以此來(lái)培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感。有時(shí)我 甚至還給自己錄音，這樣一來(lái)，我可以聽(tīng)自己的發(fā)音，并把我的發(fā)音與廣播主持人進(jìn)行比擬！我最頭疼的 問(wèn)題是如何得體地使用英語(yǔ)。說(shuō)“翻開(kāi)窗戶(hù)！ ”很容易，但在英語(yǔ)里，這樣說(shuō)聽(tīng)起來(lái)真的太糟糕了。我必須考 慮到我在跟誰(shuí)說(shuō)話，然后再?zèng)Q定是說(shuō)“請(qǐng)翻開(kāi)窗戶(hù)！ ”還是“請(qǐng)你翻開(kāi)窗戶(hù)，好嗎？ ”或者說(shuō)句更長(zhǎng)的“請(qǐng)問(wèn)， 您介意翻開(kāi)窗戶(hù)嗎？”李瑞：是的，這真的很難！我認(rèn)為這完全取決于你在跟誰(shuí)說(shuō)話。如果我是跟一位好朋友說(shuō)話，我可以用簡(jiǎn) 短的請(qǐng)求，比方“翻開(kāi)

39、窗戶(hù)”，這是因?yàn)槲覀兊年P(guān)系親密，彼此平等，所以我只需要幾個(gè)字就能讓對(duì)方明白 我的意思。但是，如果我是跟一個(gè)與我不太親近的人說(shuō)話，那么我得把我的請(qǐng)求說(shuō)得長(zhǎng)一些我得把它 變成一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句，而不是一個(gè)要求，例如，“麻煩你翻開(kāi)窗戶(hù)，好嗎？ “如果我跟一個(gè)比我年長(zhǎng)的人說(shuō)話，那 么我得說(shuō)：“請(qǐng)問(wèn)，您是否介意翻開(kāi)窗戶(hù)呢？ ”對(duì)我而言，詞匯是最大的問(wèn)題生詞實(shí)在太多了！我不無(wú)法 在腦子里記住所有的生詞，當(dāng)然也就記不住如何恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠@些詞匯。幫幫我吧!詞匯翻譯訓(xùn)練.based/bel st/adj.以（某事）為基礎(chǔ)的；以為重要局部（或特征）的base /bei s/ vt.以為據(jù)點(diǎn)；以為基礎(chǔ)n.底部;根據(jù)請(qǐng)翻譯：在

40、社區(qū)的每一個(gè)角落都有垃圾桶，根據(jù)可回收物、廚房垃圾、有害垃圾和其他垃圾四類(lèi)分類(lèi)。.date back to 追溯到請(qǐng)翻譯：作為中國(guó)文化的重要組成局部，中國(guó)繪畫(huà)可以追溯到2000多年前。.symbol / si mbol/ n.符號(hào)；象征請(qǐng)翻譯：當(dāng)談到中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化時(shí)，作為一種文化象征的書(shū)法立即浮入我的腦海。.variety/vo ral oti/n.（植物、語(yǔ)言等的）變體；異體；多樣化請(qǐng)翻譯：而且，我是一個(gè)對(duì)各種事情都一個(gè)充滿激情的人，擅長(zhǎng)組織和安排活動(dòng)。.major/ mei密/adj.主要的；重要的;大的n.主修課程；主修學(xué)生vi.主修 專(zhuān)門(mén)研究 請(qǐng)翻譯：事實(shí)上，他激勵(lì)我在大學(xué)攻讀英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)，

41、成為中國(guó)與世界之間的橋梁。.regard/ri go： d/ n.尊重；關(guān)注vt.把視為；看待請(qǐng)翻譯：祝假期愉快，并向你的家人致以最好的問(wèn)候!關(guān)于您上一封提及的如何在母親節(jié)為您的媽媽選擇禮物的信，我寫(xiě)信向您提供我的建議。.affair/o fes/n.公共事務(wù)；事件請(qǐng)翻譯：我很榮幸能被處理你的私人事情。.appreciate /o pri： f I el t/ vt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì) vi.增值請(qǐng)翻譯：如果您能在方便的時(shí)候盡早確認(rèn)您的到來(lái)，我將不勝感激。希望你能接受我的邀請(qǐng)。. equal/i： kwal/ n.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同樣的請(qǐng)翻譯：此外，充足的睡眠對(duì)您的健康同樣

42、必要。同樣重要的是，我以前曾屢次擔(dān)任志愿者，這也是優(yōu)于其他候選人的優(yōu)勢(shì)。在看到您通知招募志愿者幫助拜訪外國(guó)朋友時(shí)，我非常高興申請(qǐng)這一職位，我相信我完全有能力做到。.gap/gaep/ n.間隔；開(kāi)口；差距請(qǐng)翻譯：我很高興知道你打算在間隙年學(xué)習(xí)烹飪中國(guó)菜。. demand/d J ma： nd/n.要求；需求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問(wèn)請(qǐng)翻譯：此外，醫(yī)生在中國(guó)備受尊敬，需求量也很大，尤其是高素質(zhì)的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士。名校模擬試題閱讀01中國(guó)打造更懂英語(yǔ)的社會(huì)Have you ever wanted to travel abroad and experience a culture different f

43、rom your own? You can do that just by partnering with an English language school in China. Come to experience all that China will offer by becoming an English teacher and get paid to take in the culture, the traditional food, and the centuries of history.China is making big moves to make a more Engl

44、ish-literate society. With Chinas unbelievable economic growth in the last 30 years, the country has become a worldwide financial center. English is firmly established as the international language of business and trade. And as the Chinese economy grows, the English language market in China is growi

45、ng fast. In order to remain competitive globally, the Chinese government has chosen to make English instruction a priority in many schools throughout the country.China has one of the largest school-aged populations in the world, and there are new teaching opportunities available daily. Teaching in C

46、hina typically takes place in private language schools, public schools, or private international schools. The English language market in China has never been in more demand. Major cities all across the country are looking for native-born English speakers to instruct their students. Teachers are give

47、n the opportunity to earn a generous wage and enjoy many benefits while taking in the rich cultural history that China will offer. China is an extremely vast and fascinating country with plenty to do and see.If you are looking for a teaching job in China, your best bet is to go through a teacher pla

48、cement company.They have close relationships with all of the best schools in China and will work with you to place you in a school that fits your needs and your comfort level.What does the underlined word “English-literate in paragraph 2 refer to?A. English speaking.B. Able to use English.C. English

49、 teaching.D. Able to teach English.What can be inferred from paragraph 3?China is becoming a well-developed country.Every teacher in China can get a good salary.China has a large demand for English teachers.Private schools are better than public schools in China.What is the authors advice on getting

50、 a teaching job in China?Establishing a language school.Traveling to China and get educated there.Getting in touch with a language school.Turning to a teacher placement company.Who is the text written for?A. Native English speakers.B. English learners in China.C. English teachers in China.D. Chinese

51、 learners abroad.02為語(yǔ)言消失做努力As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and French, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United

52、Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization （UNESCO）.In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars （學(xué)者）from a number of organizations一UNESCO and National Geographic among them-have for many years been documenting （記錄）dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin, a scient

53、ist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following that tradition. His recently published a book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, which grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and