高二英語MUnitGrammar-精講版課件

1、牛津高中英語模塊六Unit 4Grammar & usageSubjunctive Mood虛 擬 語 氣Revision條件從句If 從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去將來過去式(were)had donewould/could/should/might +do would/could/should/might +have done1. 過去式(were)2. should + do3. were to dowould/could/should/might +do一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法 Would, could and might are often inte

2、rchangeable, but with some differences in meaning.would intention; plancould ability; possibilitymight probability2) In written English or in formal situation, we usually use were in If-clauses in place of was. However, in everyday conversation, was is often used.TIPS3)假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有should， were，

3、had 動詞可以把 if省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有should， were， had 動詞可以把 if省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。 If

4、I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有should， were， had 動詞可以把 if省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up

5、. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有should， were， had 動詞可以把 if省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it

6、up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. 如果你沒有開著窗戶睡覺的話, 你就不會感冒了。 如果你沒有開著窗戶睡覺的話, 你就不會感冒了。If you had not slept with thewindow open, you would not havecaught a cold.2) 要不是明天有測驗(yàn)我今天晚上就 去聽音樂會。2) 要

7、不是明天有測驗(yàn)我今天晚上就 去聽音樂會。If I were not to have a test, Iwould go to the concert tonight.3) 如果他在這兒的話，他會幫我們 的。3) 如果他在這兒的話，他會幫我們 的。If he were here, he would help us.如果他抓緊時間，他本來能趕上那趟火車。 If he had hurried, he could have caughtthe train. 假如我有更多的時間，我就會學(xué)習(xí)法語。If I had more time, I would study French.假如我要出國，我就會去法國。

8、 If I were to go abroad, I would go toFrance.虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)： 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與 主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致，叫做 錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂 語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in trouble.虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)： 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與 主句所

9、假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致，叫做 錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂 語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in trouble.虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)： 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與 主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致，叫做 錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂 語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。 If the weather had been finer, the

10、 crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in trouble.虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)： 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與 主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致，叫做 錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂 語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, y

11、ou wouldnt be in trouble.虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)： 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與 主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致，叫做 錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂 語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in trouble.Mixed conditionals We use mixed conditionalswhen the ma

12、in clause andthe if-clause are about different tenses. e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, youwould not be in troub

13、le now. e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, youwould not be in trouble now.注意：翻譯時，要注意體現(xiàn)出對不同時態(tài)的虛擬。(Note 1,Page 56)Practice Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. wereC. would be D. would hav

14、e been2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.Will there be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should bePractice Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. wereC. would be D. would have been2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.Will t

15、here be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should bePractice Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. are B. wereC. would be D. would have been2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.Will there be B. Should there beC. There will be D. There should be3. _ today

16、, he would get there by Friday. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _ .would be saved B. would have been savedC. will be saved D. had been saved3. _ today, he would get there by Friday. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D

17、. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _ .would be saved B. would have been savedC. will be saved D. had been saved3. _ today, he would get there by Friday. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _ .would be saved B. would have been savedC.

18、 will be saved D. had been savedImplied conditionals Implied conditionals We use otherwise, or and phrasesbeginning with with, without andbut for to replace an if-clause inimplied conditionals.1. Without air , there would be no living things. 2. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.1. Without

19、air , there would be no living things. 2. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.(If there were not air)1. Without air , there would be no living things. 2. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.(If there were not air)(If it hadnt beenfor your help)3. I was busy that day. Otherwise I would

20、have gone there with them.3. I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 3. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only ,wish.we can use unreal conditionals.as if (=as though)wish/if

21、 only 現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去式（were）had doneWould/could do Even if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬從句與if 的用法一樣 I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去）3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來） I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去）3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來） I wi

22、sh I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去）3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來） I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在） I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去）3. We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來）I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。I wish I were

23、as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。He wished he hadnt said that.I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他沒講那樣的話。I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他沒講那樣的話。I wish it would rain tomorrow.I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。He wished he hadnt said

24、 that.他希望他沒講那樣的話。I wish it would rain tomorrow.我希望明下雨就好了。If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。If only I knew his name!If only we had follo

25、wed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If

26、only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train! 即使生了病，他也去辦公室。 即使生了病，他也去辦公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 即使生了病，他也去辦公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人 似的。 即使生了病，他也去辦公室

27、。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人 似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 即使生了病，他也去辦公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人 似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí) 看過一樣。 即使生了病，他也去辦公室。 Even if he were ill, he would go to h

28、is office. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人 似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí) 看過一樣。 She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. would rather that現(xiàn)在：過去：未來： 過去式（were)had done過去式（were) I would rather you paid me now. (2) would rather that現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去式（were)had done過去式（were) I would rat

29、her you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. (2) would rather that現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去式（were)had done過去式（were) I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (2) would rather that現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去式（were)had done過去式（were)表示要求，命令，建議

30、的虛擬語氣。常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即 insist2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , require, request, desire 賓語從句。常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即 insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , require, request, desire后面跟一從句,謂語動詞用(should)+do 我們建議Tom 去休息一下。 他堅決要求我到場。 國王命令囚犯明天

31、要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。We suggested that Tom have a rest. 我們建議Tom 去休息一下。 他堅決要求我到場。 國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present. 我們建議Tom 去休息一下。 他堅決要求我到場。 國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌e suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (shou

32、ld ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners bekilled the next day. 我們建議Tom 去休息一下。 他堅決要求我到場。 國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners bekilled the next day.They requested that we (should) sendth

33、em to work there. 我們建議Tom 去休息一下。 他堅決要求我到場。 國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。注意?如 suggest, insist 不表示建議 或“堅持要某人做某事時”，即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅持認(rèn)為”時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. H

34、e suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pa

35、le face suggested that he _(be) ill.obey1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.obeywas1. The gu

36、ard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.obeywasbe sent1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obe

37、y) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.obeywasbe senthave1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _

38、 (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _(be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。 order, advice, suggestion,proposal, demand, request, desire Its suggest

39、ed that the plan be carried out. Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be

40、closed down.某些主語從句中要用虛擬語氣：某些主語從句中要用虛擬語氣：1. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + thatClause 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即 （should）+動詞原形 2. Its (about/high) time + that + did 某些主語從句中要用虛擬語氣：1. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + thatClause 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即 （should）+動詞原形1. It is important that we ( should )

41、 master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to cometo the party.Its necessary that we should studyhard.2. Its (about/high) time +that 2. Its (about/high) time +that did2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你該走了。Its high time that you went.

42、Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time

43、that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that y

44、ou were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time

45、that we should go to bed. 2. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. Part B AnswersPart B Answers(1) WithoutPart B Answers(1) Without (2) otherwise/orPart B Answers(1) Without (2) otherwise/or(3) otherwise/orPart B Answers(1) Without (2) otherwise/or(3) otherwise/or (4) wishPart B Answers(1) Without (2) otherwise/or(3) otherwise/or (4) wish(5)WithPart B Answers(1) Withou