learning about language 有關(guān)語言的學(xué)習(xí)課件

1、教師用書獨(dú)具演示教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)熟記學(xué)案中所列出的單詞和短語。(2)通過學(xué)案中所給出的重點(diǎn)單詞和重點(diǎn)短語的學(xué)習(xí)，讓學(xué)生能夠正確理解和使用這些單詞和短語，能夠運(yùn)用這些詞語造句。(3)通過對語法的教學(xué)讓學(xué)生能夠理解并能夠運(yùn)用這些語法知識(shí)，弄清楚同位語及同位語從句的含義和用法。教學(xué)地位本單元的語法是同位語和同位語從句，學(xué)生可能會(huì)感到比較難以掌握。讓學(xué)生正確理解和掌握語法知識(shí)是讓學(xué)生學(xué)好英語的關(guān)鍵，所以應(yīng)給學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)語境，讓學(xué)生理解該語法的應(yīng)用，而不要讓學(xué)生死記硬背語法條文，應(yīng)從理解的基礎(chǔ)上去運(yùn)用這些語法。 新課導(dǎo)入建議通過對學(xué)生作業(yè)的檢查導(dǎo)入本堂新課。1owe vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于Yo

2、u owe the lady an apology.(教材P13)你得向這位女士道歉。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸虧有你我現(xiàn)在才仍然活著。He owes his success to his hard work.他把自己的成功歸功于辛勤的勞動(dòng)。owe sb.an apology 該向某人道歉owe.to.欠；把歸功于；應(yīng)感激owe sb.sth.(owe sth.to sb.) 欠某人某物owing adj.欠的；未付的owing to.因?yàn)椋挥捎贖e owes his success to his father.他把他的成功歸功于他的父親。J

3、im attributes his success to determination.吉姆把他的成功歸功于堅(jiān)定的信念。Economists attributed the slow progress in economy to poor cooperation.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家把經(jīng)濟(jì)增長緩慢歸咎于合作不好。His great age is attributed to eating properly.他的長壽歸因于飲食適當(dāng)?！敬鸢浮縪wes his success towho owed him2shortly adv.不多時(shí)，不久Shortly after Freddy did some research

4、，he discovered the fate of Dolly the sheep.(教材P13)然而在Freddy作了調(diào)查后不久，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了多莉羊的命運(yùn)。Shortly after I arrived，we became good friends.我來后不久，我們就成了好朋友。I saw him shortly before he died.在他去世前不久我們還見過一面。Shes going to New York shortly.她不久就去紐約。shortly可以表示soon的含義，且常和after，before連用，表示“在前/后不久”?！敬鸢浮縮hortly after his mar

5、riageshortly before you arrivedwill be ready shortly【答案】want to retireretire from4bother v花費(fèi)時(shí)間精力(做某事)；打擾；給(某人)造成麻煩(或痛苦)n.煩擾；困難However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.(教材P14)但是，后來她得了嚴(yán)重的肺病，這個(gè)問題很讓科學(xué)家煩心。What bothers me most is the fact that he seems to tak

6、e no interest in his work.最使我傷腦筋的是，他似乎對自己的工作毫無興趣。I dont want to put you to any bother.我不想給你添麻煩。bother指麻煩某人，使某人操心、煩惱，常指為一點(diǎn)小事所“煩擾”，帶有稍微抱怨的意味。disturb意為“干擾，擾亂”，側(cè)重?cái)_亂某種狀態(tài)或秩序。interrupt意為“打擾，打斷”，側(cè)重打斷某個(gè)活動(dòng)的進(jìn)程，使其不能進(jìn)行下去。Sorry to interrupt，but theres someone to see you.對不起，打擾一下有人要見你。Dont disturb the papers on my

7、 desk.別把我桌子上的文件弄亂了。用bother/disturb/interrupt的適當(dāng)形式填空I cant_him with my little affairs.The child continually_the class.Dont_me while Im speaking.【答案】botherdisturbedinterrupt5be bound to do.注定/一定做Dollys death，like her birth，was bound to raise worries.(教材P14)多莉的死就像她的出生一樣，注定要引起許多憂慮。Youve done so much wor

8、k that youre bound to pass the exam.你已經(jīng)做了這么多努力，因此你一定能通過考試。I feel bound to tell you that youre drinking too much!我覺得有必要跟你說你喝得太多了！Im sorry I couldnt come to see you this morning.I was bound up in some urgent matters.對不起，今天上午我未能來看你，我在忙于處理一些急事。Our memories and habits are bound up with the structure of t

9、he brain.我們的記憶和習(xí)慣與腦的構(gòu)造有密切的聯(lián)系。We are bound for home.我們打算回家。觀察下列從Reading中選取的句子，體會(huì)同位語及同位語從句的用法，并根據(jù)語法特點(diǎn)填空。But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.On the one hand，the whole scientific world followed the progress of th

10、e first successful clone，Dolly the sheep.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.自我總結(jié)在以上句子中，畫線部分在句子中的句子成分為_，它可以由_、代詞、數(shù)詞或_等充當(dāng)，用來說明前面名詞或代詞的內(nèi)容和情況?！敬鸢浮客徽Z；名詞(短語)；句子同位語及同位語從句一、同位語1同位語的定義同位語是句子成分的一種。它位于名詞、代詞后面，說明它們

11、的性質(zhì)和情況，可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。2同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：(1)名詞You girls may take seats over there.你們姑娘們可以坐到那邊。(2)代詞He himself will do the experiment.他將親自做這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。(3)數(shù)詞She is the oldest among them six.她是他們六人中年紀(jì)最大的。(4)由such as，that is引導(dǎo)Some subjects，such as maths and physics，are very difficult to learn.某些學(xué)科，例如數(shù)學(xué)和物理，是很難

12、學(xué)的。(5)由of引導(dǎo)Mr.Smith is now living in the city of Beijing.史密斯先生現(xiàn)住在北京城。(6)由or引導(dǎo)It is zoology，or the study of animals.這是動(dòng)物學(xué)，即對動(dòng)物的研究。3特殊同位語歸納(1)不定式用作同位語Soon came the order to start the general attack.很快下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻的命令。(to start the general attack與the order同位)(2)動(dòng)詞-ing分詞用作同位語Hes getting a job tonight driving

13、a truck.他今晚得到一個(gè)開卡車的差事。(driving a truck與a job同位)The first plan，attacking at night，was turned down.第一個(gè)計(jì)劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan同位)(3)形容詞用作同位語The current fair，the biggest in its history，is being held in Guangzhou.目前的交易會(huì)，是有史以來規(guī)模最大的，正在廣州舉行。【提示】這類同位語與定語比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。The current fair，th

14、e biggest in its history，is being held in Guangzhou.The current fair，which is the biggest in its history，is being held in Guangzhou.(4)none of us之類的結(jié)構(gòu)用作同位語We none of us said anything.我們誰也沒說話。They neither of them wanted to go.他們兩人都不想去?！咎崾尽客徽Z并不影響其后句子謂語的“數(shù)”。學(xué)生每人都有一本詞典。正The students each have a diction

15、ary.誤The students each has a dictionary.(5)從句用作同位語(即同位語從句)I received a message that she would be late.我得到的信息說她可能遲到。二、同位語從句在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的句子叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。The belief that the company will make a great progress is shared by everyone.每個(gè)人都相信公司會(huì)取得很大的進(jìn)步。1可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise

16、，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility等。The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。2同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞(1)如果同位語從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.毫無疑問，汽車的價(jià)格會(huì)下降的。(2)如果同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，應(yīng)用w

17、hether引導(dǎo)，if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意的問題。(3)如果同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時(shí)候”、“什么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式”等含義，應(yīng)用when，where，how等引導(dǎo)。I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.我不知道怎么能到達(dá)火車站。Our teacher gave us the suggestion where we should have our summer holidays.我們

18、的老師就我們應(yīng)該去哪里度假提出了建議。3特殊情況(1)有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在要說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。Word came that the president would come to inspect our city.有消息說總統(tǒng)要來視察我們的城市。(2)一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣“should動(dòng)詞原形”表示，should可省略。This is our only reques

19、t that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.這就是我們唯一的請求：盡快解決這個(gè)問題。三、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句定語從句功能不同對名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，起連接作用that不作成分；起連接作用，不可省略作主語或賓語，起連接作用；并且作從句的賓語時(shí)可省略whether/how不作成分；起連接作用“是否”；“如何”不引導(dǎo)定語從句whwords作成分；起連接作用；有自己的含義，但與先行詞之間無關(guān)作成分；起連接作用；沒有自己的含義，但是代替先行詞在從句中作成分【比較一】We cant solve the pr

20、oblem how we can travel faster than light.如何才能超過光的速度，我們解決不了這個(gè)問題。(how從句是the problem的具體內(nèi)容，為同位語從句。)I cant remember the problem that they have.我記不得他們的問題了。(problem是have的賓語，至于the problem的具體內(nèi)容，沒有說明，故是定語從句。)【比較二】Jim got to know the news that the whole village was in great danger.吉姆得知整個(gè)村子都處在極度危險(xiǎn)中的消息。(that引導(dǎo)同

21、位語從句，解釋說明the news的內(nèi)容。)Do you know the news (that/which) Jim told me?你知道吉姆告訴我的那個(gè)消息嗎？(that引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作賓語。).單項(xiàng)填空1Shall I lock the lab before I go home?_.Ill check it myself later.AGo aheadBNo problemCNo hurry DDont bother【解析】go ahead“行，可以”；no problem“沒問題”；no hurry“不著急”；dont bother“不麻煩”。句意：我回家前要鎖上實(shí)驗(yàn)室的門

22、嗎？不麻煩你。過一會(huì)我自己去檢查一下?！敬鸢浮緿2He is a successful businessman；he _ his success more to luck than to ability.Aattaches BadaptsCowes Dfastens【解析】句意：他是一個(gè)成功的商人，他把他的成功歸功于運(yùn)氣而不是能力。owe.to.表示“把歸功于”，符合句意?！敬鸢浮緾3(2013安陽高二檢測)The question _should do the work requires consideration.AwhatBwhoCthatDwhy【解析】句意：誰該干這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問題需

23、要考慮。question后面跟的是同位語從句。從句中缺少主語，首先應(yīng)考慮A、B兩項(xiàng)。do the work的主語應(yīng)該是人，所以選B項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緽4His suggestion _the meeting be delayed was turned down.Awhich BthatC/ Dit【解析】句意：他的關(guān)于將會(huì)議推遲的建議被否決了。suggestion后的從句是解釋它的具體內(nèi)容，因而是同位語從句。在suggestion，order，request等詞后面的同位語從句中，謂語結(jié)構(gòu)是“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。【答案】B5The thought _he might fail

24、 in the exam worried him.Awhen BwhichCwhat Dthat【解析】句意：他認(rèn)為他可能考試不及格的想法使他擔(dān)心。thought后的從句是“想法”的具體內(nèi)容，應(yīng)視為同位語從句，從句中不缺任何成分，應(yīng)使用連接詞that，故選D項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緿6I have no idea _hell come or not.Awhen BwhereCwhether Dthat【解析】句意：我不知道他是否會(huì)來。這是一個(gè)同位語從句，從句中有“or not”，這是使用連接詞whether的標(biāo)志，故選C?！敬鸢浮緾7There is much chance _ Bill will rec

25、over from his injury in time for the race.AthatBwhichCuntilDif【解析】句意：比爾的傷情康復(fù)的幾率較大，有望及時(shí)參加這次比賽。本題考查同位語從句，具體解釋名詞chance的內(nèi)容。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分。【答案】A8Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.Awho BthatCasDwhich【解析】句意：Danby留言給我的秘書下午他將再次給我打電話。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，作名詞word的同位語，進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明其具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句成分完整，選用that?！敬鸢浮緽9So far there is no proof _ people from other planets do exist.Ahow BwhatCwhich Dthat【解析】考查同位語從句。句意：到目前為止，沒有證據(jù)證明其他行星上存在人類。proof意為“證據(jù)”，后面常接由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，表示p