新英語(yǔ)四級(jí)段落翻譯解題技巧市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容包括中國(guó)歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展等。四級(jí)長(zhǎng)度為140160個(gè)漢字；六級(jí)長(zhǎng)度為180200個(gè)漢字。翻譯題型概述第1頁(yè)翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)譯文應(yīng)該完整地再現(xiàn)原文內(nèi)容譯文應(yīng)像原文一樣流暢自然。譯文格調(diào)、筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文性質(zhì)相同。第2頁(yè)翻譯三部曲第3頁(yè)1. 通讀并透徹了解原文漢語(yǔ)句子，確定語(yǔ)法成份和句型。中國(guó)剪紙有一千五百多年歷史，在明朝和清朝時(shí)期尤其流行。譯文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing

2、dynasties. 第4頁(yè) 漢語(yǔ)段落能夠包含一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上主題；而英語(yǔ)段落普通只有一個(gè)主題，如往往有一個(gè)顯著主題句（主題句多置于句首），其它句子則層層展開，以支持主題句第5頁(yè)2. 付諸筆墨，確保拼寫無誤。人們慣用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。譯文1：People often make their home beautifl with paper cuttings.譯文2：People often beautify their home with paper cuttings.第6頁(yè)3. 重新審閱，確認(rèn)句法合理。重點(diǎn)檢驗(yàn)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、冠詞和代詞使用以及主謂一致等問題。第7頁(yè)翻

3、譯技巧第8頁(yè)恰當(dāng)選詞 （防止過于籠統(tǒng)，選表示更確切詞）中英文句式之間對(duì)應(yīng)和轉(zhuǎn)換。語(yǔ)態(tài)之間轉(zhuǎn)換e.g. 通常漢字中主語(yǔ)過于寬泛時(shí)候，如“人們”、“他人”、“這”等，能夠轉(zhuǎn)化成英文被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，省略原來主語(yǔ)原文：現(xiàn)在人們必須采取辦法來保護(hù)環(huán)境。譯文：Measures should be adopted/taken to protect the environment. 第9頁(yè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1）名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞比如：改革開放政策受到了全國(guó)人名擁護(hù)。譯文：The reform and opening-up policy is supported by the whole Chinese people. 2) 動(dòng)詞

4、轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞比如：他善于觀察譯文： He is a good observer.第10頁(yè)3) 名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞比如： 在這擔(dān)心時(shí)刻，他感到非常害怕。譯文：The intensity of the moment filled his mind with fear.第11頁(yè)練習(xí)1農(nóng)歷五月五日端午節(jié)是為了紀(jì)念被昏庸君主貶官放逐而投江自盡古代詩(shī)人和忠臣屈原。最初人們將竹葉包扎好糯米棕子投入屈原自盡那條江，以祭奠亡靈。今天，人們?cè)诙宋绻?jié)舉行龍舟賽，而粽子則由活生生人來享用。第12頁(yè)譯文The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th lunar mont

5、h is celebrated in memory of Qu Yuan, an ancient poet and loyal monister who drowned himself while in exile from a corrupt court. Zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves, was originally prepared as sacrificial offerings for Qu Yuans departed soul and dropped into the river

6、 where he drowned himself. Today, however, dragon boat races are held during the festival and the zongzi is consumed by the living.第13頁(yè)練習(xí)2筷子是中餐桌上最具特色用餐工具。我們中國(guó)人使用筷子方法很有藝術(shù)性，各人有各人方法，就好像署名一樣，不盡一致。中國(guó)人普通都能隨心所欲地使用筷子夾起米飯，一粒豌豆，一只滑溜溜蘑菇或海參。有些人些人還能夾起一整塊易碎豆腐。第14頁(yè)Chopsticks are the most distinvtive eating tool on

7、 the Chinese dinng table. The way we Chinese use our chopsticks is quite artistic and varies from persson to person like ones signature. An average Chinese person can very easily pick up pea, or a slippery button mushroom or sea cucumber with a pair of chopstics. Some are even able to pick up a piec

8、e of bean curd that crumbles easily. 第15頁(yè)關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)第16頁(yè) 一、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)能夠歸納以下：1.(should)+動(dòng)詞原形情形2.if或but for等引導(dǎo)條件句3.wish, if only, it is time使用方法第17頁(yè)(should)+動(dòng)詞原形情形 1.1在動(dòng)詞suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recomm

9、end, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“提議”、“要求”動(dòng)詞后賓語(yǔ)從句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她堅(jiān)持要預(yù)定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他勸我們派人請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。注：假如上述動(dòng)詞作其它意思解釋，或者說話者認(rèn)為所講事是事實(shí)，要用陳說語(yǔ)氣。When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good

10、 terms with the director.第18頁(yè) 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4:.6】The professor required that _(我們交研究匯報(bào))。參考答案：we hand in our research report(s)第19頁(yè)1.2 在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名詞后主語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中-上面動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)名詞He issued the order

11、that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。第20頁(yè)1.3 在形容詞important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短語(yǔ)no wonder, a pity等能夠組成“It is +形容詞（名詞）+that”句型中。 It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be ma

12、de. 必須馬上采取行動(dòng)。第21頁(yè) 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6:.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剝奪了受教育權(quán)利).參考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.第22頁(yè)if或but for等引導(dǎo)條件句 第23頁(yè)if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句使用方法 條件從句 結(jié)果主句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were) would+動(dòng)詞原形 與過去事實(shí)相反 had+過去分詞(had done) would have done 與未來事實(shí)相反

13、普經(jīng)過去時(shí)/were+不定式/should+動(dòng)詞原形 would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形 第24頁(yè)He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室內(nèi)就不會(huì)以為冷了（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉，現(xiàn)在很忙。假如有時(shí)間，我必定陪你去看電影了。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we h

14、adnt made adequate preparations.假如我們不做充分準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)議是不會(huì)開得這么成功。（與過去事實(shí)相反）If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home.假如明天下雪，我就呆在家里。but for=if it were not for/if it had not been forlBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.假如沒有你幫助，他們不可能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。第25頁(yè) 真題重現(xiàn)

15、【CET-4:.12】The victim -(原來會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來)if he had been taken to hospital in time. 參考答案：would have a chance to survive【CET-6:.12】But for mobile phone, _（我們通訊就不可能如此快速和方便)參考答案：our communication would not be so efficient and convenient.【CET-6:.1】If you had _(聽從了我忠言， 你就不會(huì)陷入麻煩). 參考答案：followed my advice/suggesti

16、on, you would not have been/be in trouble.第26頁(yè)It is (high, about) time 此句型要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式，指現(xiàn)在或未來情況，表示“早該干某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”Its time_(采取辦法) about the traffic problem downtown.something was done/some measures were taken第27頁(yè)動(dòng)詞wish后賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 were或動(dòng)詞普通過去與過去事實(shí)相反 had done或would/could have done未來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)

17、愿望 would/should(could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形I wish she were here. 她在這里就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 希望你明天跟我們一塊去。I wish she had taken my advice. 那時(shí)她要是聽我話就好了。第28頁(yè)if only后用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（要是就太好了）現(xiàn)在沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望 普通過去式過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望 過去完成式If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several for

18、eign languages!我要是能講幾個(gè)外語(yǔ)就好了！第29頁(yè) 從句從句內(nèi)容非常龐雜，該專題主要講解在翻譯題可能考查名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等。第30頁(yè)一名詞性從句名詞從句是指行使名詞功效從句，包含主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句以及補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從句。第31頁(yè)1.主語(yǔ)從句-從句作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)從句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它詞引導(dǎo)，還有就是由代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。That he survived the accident is a miracle.他在這場(chǎng)事故中幸免于難，真是奇跡。尤其提醒：盡管that并沒有實(shí)際含義，不過他起到引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句功效，在這里不可或缺

19、。What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他喜歡做事情被社會(huì)所忽略認(rèn)為毫無價(jià)值，無足輕重。How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.他是怎樣設(shè)法完成這項(xiàng)工作，我們對(duì)此都很感興趣Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.結(jié)果是否有價(jià)值在部分程度上取決于我們對(duì)此態(tài)度尤其提醒：whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句位于句

20、首時(shí)，whether不能由if代替。第32頁(yè)2.賓語(yǔ)從句-從句作賓語(yǔ)。The court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.法院裁決責(zé)令公立學(xué)校必須采取必要步驟提供這種教育。I cant understand why he avoided speaking to me.我不了解他為何不跟我說話。 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：.12】Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _(

21、是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量), not how much they can earn.參考答案：is measured by how much they can loan第33頁(yè)3.表語(yǔ)從句-從句作表語(yǔ)The next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我們必須決定下一個(gè)問題是，什么時(shí)候我們必須呈交年度匯報(bào)?！綜ET-4：.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更輕易累了)。參考答案：I am more likely to

22、 get tired than before第34頁(yè)二定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是修飾限定名詞或代詞從句。掌握定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)鍵在于把握引導(dǎo)詞，既用來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句詞。定語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容比較龐雜，希望同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)多總結(jié)和歸納。 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：.6】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我們能夠合作領(lǐng)域).參考答案：a field where(in which) we can cooperate.第35頁(yè)三狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句分為：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目標(biāo)狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句 真題重現(xiàn)【CET

23、-4：.12】 I am going to pursue this course, _(不論我要作出什么樣犧牲)。參考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make【CET-4：.12】Some psychologists claim that people_(出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú))參考答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home第36頁(yè) 四、倒裝1當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用倒裝，如不在句首或雖在句首但不修辭狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用正常語(yǔ)序。Only when you have obtai

24、ned sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有當(dāng)你取得足夠數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，你才能得出正確結(jié)論Only in this way can we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology.只有這么我們才能趕上世界先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平。其它如：only then, only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：.6】Only in the small town_.

25、 (他才感到安全和放松)參考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed第37頁(yè)2. never等含有否定意義詞或詞組居于句首時(shí)用倒裝。這類詞或詞組慣用有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(決不), in no case(決不), neither (nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(僅僅，幾乎不),

26、 on no account, in no circumstances(決不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also等。Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉爾不但是一位政治家，還是一位詩(shī)人。Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我從未聽到過這種亂說！ 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：.12】 The witness was told that under no circumstances_.(他都不應(yīng)該對(duì)法庭說謊)參考答案：shoul

27、d he lie to the court.【CET-6：.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 參考答案Not until the deadline did he send (out)第38頁(yè)3the more, the more結(jié)構(gòu)中倒裝?！綜ET-4：.6】90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂). 參考答案：the more confused I am第39頁(yè) 四、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who 對(duì)于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中系動(dòng)詞除is和was之外，沒有其它形式改變;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分假如

28、是人，能夠用who, 也能夠用that,其它情況用that（常識(shí)性知識(shí)，普通不能作為考點(diǎn)）。在notuntil句型里，假如強(qiáng)調(diào)由until所引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，not須跟在until之前，即組成It is not untilthat結(jié)構(gòu)。第40頁(yè) It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.她不知道怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)這種嚴(yán)重情況是因?yàn)樗狈?jīng)驗(yàn)了。It is because the water had risen that they could no

29、t cross the river.正是因?yàn)樗疂q了，他們沒有渡過河去。注：強(qiáng)調(diào)假如是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，只能由because引導(dǎo)，不能由since, as或why引導(dǎo)。It was not until the second year that he has adapted himself to the college life.直到第二年他才適應(yīng)了大學(xué)生活。第41頁(yè) 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：.1】 _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 參考答案：It was not until the deadline that he sent (out)第42頁(yè) 五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)

30、動(dòng)詞主要包含不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)主要有：1英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)，但有些動(dòng)詞要求： 1)下面動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)attempt企圖mean意欲，打算determine決定pretend假裝 decide決定hesitate猶豫 hope希望 intend想要 refuse拒絕decide決定等 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：.6】Because of the leg injury, the athlete (決定退出比賽).參考答案：decided to quit the match.【CET-6：.12】The Foreign Minister s

31、aid he was resigning, _.(但他拒絕深入解釋這么做原因)參考答案：while he refused to further explain why./while he refused to make further explanation for doing so.第43頁(yè)2)下面動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式enable使能夠 ask要求，allow允許 force強(qiáng)迫 press迫使 inspire鼓舞 request請(qǐng)求 help幫助 invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)encourage勉勵(lì) 等 真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：.12】Specialists in inter

32、cultural studies says that it is not easy to (適應(yīng)不一樣文化中生活)參考答案：adapt oneself to life in different cultures.【CET-6：.1】After the terrorist attack, tourists （被勸說暫時(shí)不要去該國(guó)旅游）.參考答案：were advised/suggested not to go to that country as their tourism destination for the present.第44頁(yè)3)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)dislike不喜歡，討厭appreciate 感激，觀賞avoid防止 enjoy享受，喜愛cant help不 禁 escape逃跑，逃避cant stand受不了 deny否定 mind 介意 finis