中醫(yī)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

1、翻譯短語(yǔ)1traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2中醫(yī)根底理論 basic theory of TCM 3clinical experience4treatment based on syndrome differentiation5Chinese pharmacy6acupuncture and moxibustion7etiologyprescription; formulanourishing yin and reducing fire10six fu-organs11整體觀念 holism 12social attribute13diagnostics14r

2、elationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi15therapeuticscommon cold due to wind and cold同病異治 treatment of the same disease with different remedies 18異病同治 treatment of different diseases with the same remedy 19nature of disease20相互轉(zhuǎn)化 mutual transformation 21寒極生熱 extreme cold turning into h

3、eat22相互消長(zhǎng) mutual wane-wax 23相互制約 mutual restriction 24相互依存 interdependence 25the doctrine of five elements26相乘相侮 subjugation and counter-restriction 27deficient earth being subjugated by wood28生抑制化 inhibition-development with generation and restriction 29母病及子 involvement of a child- organ by its mot

4、her-organ disorder30doctrine of visceral manifestations31奇恒之腑 extraordinary fu-organs 32essence of water and food33clinical practice34storage without discharge/excretion35心氣充分 sufficiency of heart qi 36sufficiency of bloodsweat and blood sharing the same originthe spleen governing transportation and

5、 transformation39origin of acquired constitution40奇恒之腑 extraordinary fu-organs41upper energizer42separating the lucid from the turbid43初步消化 primary digestion44occurrence of menstruation45innateness46水液代謝 water metabolism 47smoothness of qi movement48qi movement49氣化 qi transformation 50先天之氣 innate qi

6、 51后天之氣 acquired qi 52氣生血 qi generating blood53qi propelling bloodbody fluid and blood sharing the same originQi serves as commander of blood and blood does as mother of qi56nourishing qi to stop collapse57經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說(shuō) meridian theory 58經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng) meridian system 59十二正經(jīng) twelve regular meridians 60eight extraordin

7、ary meridians61十二經(jīng)別 twelve meridians divergences 62外感六淫 six exogenous pathogenic factors 63pathogenic wind attacking the exterior64attack/invade by pathogenic cold65production of endogenous heat due to yin deficiency66七情內(nèi)傷 internal impairment due to seven emotions 67(body )constitutional state68feve

8、rish sensation in the five centers (palms, soles, and chest)69extreme changes of five emotions70mutual involvement of yin and yang71精充氣足 sufficient essence and abundant qi 72肌膚甲錯(cuò) squamous and dry skin 73favorable prognosispulse conations表里同病 disease involving both exterior and interior 76co-existenc

9、e of cold and heat/ mixture of cold and heat77true cold with false heat78寒證化熱 cold syndrome transforming into heat one 79transformation of heat syndrome into cold one80tidal fever and night sweating81中草藥 Chinese medicinal herbs 82four properties and five flavors83燥濕健脾 drying dampness to invigorate t

10、he spleen 84ascending, descending, sinking and floating85channel tropism of medicines86用藥禁忌 medication contraindication 87方劑學(xué) science of prescription 88modification of a prescription89劑型與劑量 drug form and dosage 90藥物毒性 toxicity of medicinal herb 91guiding action藥物飲片 herbal sliceacupuncture and moxibu

11、stion (therapy)94reinforcing and reducing95 針刺止痛 analgesia by acupuncture 96針刺麻醉 acupuncture anesthesia 97ear acupuncture (therapy)98lifting, thrusting, twisting and rotating (techniques)翻譯句子中國(guó)醫(yī)藥學(xué)有數(shù)千年的歷史，是中國(guó)人民長(zhǎng)期同疾病作斗爭(zhēng)的閱歷總結(jié)。TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese peopl

12、es experience intheir struggle against diseases.中醫(yī)學(xué)有完整獨(dú)特的理論體系。TCM has a unique and integrative theoretical system.黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)為中醫(yī)學(xué)理論體系的形成奠定了根底。Huangdi Neijinghas laid a foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.4陽(yáng)常有余，陰常缺乏。Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.5內(nèi)傷脾胃，百病由生

13、。Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.6金元時(shí)期消滅了后世稱為“金元四大家”的醫(yī)學(xué)流派。In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called “four great physicians” in medicalschool.7張從正認(rèn)為病由邪生，提倡汗、吐、下三法祛邪治病。Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by pathogenic factors a

14、nd advocated the three means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation to eliminate the pathogens for cure of diseases 8中醫(yī)理論體系有兩個(gè)根本特點(diǎn)：一是整體觀念，二是辨證論治。The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based onsyndrome differentiation. 9中醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為人體是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。TCM believes that the human

15、body is an organic whole. 10整體觀念貫穿于中醫(yī)生理、病理、診法、辨證和治療的各個(gè)方面。The holism permeates through various aspects of the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndromedifferentiation and treatment of diseases.11心開(kāi)竅于舌并與小腸相表里。The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intest

16、ine.12人體陽(yáng)氣白天多趨于表，夜晚多趨于里。Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior atnight.證是機(jī)體在疾病進(jìn)展過(guò)程中的某一階段的病理概括。Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of adisease.證包括了病變的部位、緣由、性質(zhì)，以及邪正關(guān)系。Syndrome includes the locatio

17、n, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenicfactors and healthy qi.陰陽(yáng)是自然界相互關(guān)聯(lián)的某些事物和現(xiàn)象對(duì)立雙方的概括。Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelatedthings or phenomena in nature.在肯定條件下，陰陽(yáng)可以各自向其相反的方向進(jìn)展。Under given conditions, either yin or y

18、ang may transform into its counterpart.17功能屬于陽(yáng)，物質(zhì)屬于陰。Function pertains to yang while substance to yin. 18無(wú)論疾病的病理變化如何簡(jiǎn)單，都不外乎陰陽(yáng)的偏勝偏衰。No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more thanrelative predominance of yin or yang.正氣指整個(gè)機(jī)體的構(gòu)造與功能，包括人體對(duì)疾病的抵抗力等。The so-called

19、vital qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistanceagainst diseases.中醫(yī)理論體系在形成過(guò)程中，受到古代五行學(xué)說(shuō)的深刻影響。The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of fiveelements.水具有滋潤(rùn)和向下的特性。Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.22肝

20、主升而歸屬于木。The liver pertains to wood because its qi is characterized by ascending.23脾主運(yùn)化而歸屬于土。The spleen pertains to earth because it governs transportation and transformation.24相乘即以強(qiáng)凌弱的意思。Subjugation means to launch an attack on the weak.25生我者為母，我生者為子。The one generating me is my mother and the one be

21、ing generated by me is my child.26五臟的共同生理特點(diǎn)是化生和貯藏精氣。The common physiological function of the five zang-organs is to produce and store essential qi.27六腑的共同生理特點(diǎn)是受盛和傳化水谷。The common physiological function of the six fu-organs is to receive, transport and transformwater and food.28腎的精氣有促進(jìn)骨骼生長(zhǎng)的作用。The esse

22、nce-qi in the kidneyis helpful for promoting the growth of skeleton.29心與小腸相表里。The heart and the small intestine are internal-externally related (to each other).30五臟的生理活動(dòng)與精神情志親熱相關(guān)。The physiological functions of the five zang-organs are closely associated with the minds andemotions.31心臟的主要生理功能是主血脈和主神志

23、。The main physiological function of the heart is to control blood and vessels, and govern the spirit.32血液的正常運(yùn)行必需以心氣充分，血液充盈和脈道通利為其根本的前提條件。 Sufficient heart qi, abundant blood and smooth vessels are essentialprerequisite to normalcirculation of blood.33肺的呼吸功能健全與否，直接影響著宗氣的生成。The respiratory function of

24、 the lung directly influences the production of pectoral qi.34脾為后天之本，氣血生化之源。The spleen is the origin of acquired constitution and the source of qi and blood production.35肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄和主藏血。The main physiological functions of the liver are to control free flow of qi and store blood. 36腎主生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育與生殖。 The k

25、idney governs growth, development and reproduction.37腎所藏的精氣包括“先天之精”和“后天之精The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence.38腎的納氣功能正常則呼吸均勻和調(diào)。When the kidney functions normally to receive qi, breath will be smooth and even. 三、39膽的主要生理功能是貯存和排泄膽汁。The main physiological funct

26、ion of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile.40胃的生理功能是受納與腐熟水谷。The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and decompose foodstuff.41小腸在吸取水谷精微的同時(shí)，也吸取了大量的水液。The small intestine also absorbs a large quantity of water as it is absorbing essence from thechyme.小腸的泌別清濁功能正常，則二便正常。If

27、the small intestine functions well to separate the lucid from the turbid, the defecation andurination will be normal.胃與脾相表里。The stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related.44氣是構(gòu)成人體的最根本物質(zhì)。Qi is the most essential substance to constitute the body. 45人體的氣來(lái)源于稟受于父母的先天之精、飲食物中的養(yǎng)分物質(zhì)和存在于自然界的

28、清氣Qi in the body is derived from innate essence inheriting from the parents, and acquired essence coming from both food nutrients and fresh air.46氣是活力很強(qiáng)的精微物質(zhì)。Qi is a sort of refined substance with powerful activity.47氣化指通過(guò)氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的各種變化。Qi transformation refers to various changes caused by qi movement

29、. 48元?dú)馐侨梭w最根本、最重要的氣，是人體生命活動(dòng)的原動(dòng)力。The primordial qi, as the most essential and important qi, is the primary power of life.49宗氣是積于胸中之氣，具有推動(dòng)心臟的搏動(dòng)、調(diào)整心率和心律的功能。The pectoral qi is a kind of qi accumulating in the thorax,functioning to enhance heart beat andregulate heart rate and cardiac rhythm.50The nutriti

30、ve qi pertains to yin with its nourishment tothe interior of the body while the defensive qi pertains to yang with its protection of the bodysurface. 51氣血津液都是維持人體生命活動(dòng)的根本物質(zhì)。Qi, blood and body fluid are the basic substances for maintaining human life activities. 52血與津液均為液態(tài)物質(zhì)，都有養(yǎng)分和滋潤(rùn)作用，與氣相對(duì)而言，兩者都屬陰。Bot

31、h the blood and body fluid are liquid substance, they function to nourish and moisten, pertainto yin as compared with qi.53人體排泄水液的途徑主要是尿與汗。The human body discharges water mainly through urination and perspiration. 54津液的生成、輸布和排泄都離不開(kāi)肺、脾、腎、三焦、膀胱等臟腑的氣化功能。 The production, distribution and discharge of bo

32、dy fluid depend on the qi transformation of thelung, spleen, kidney, tri-Jiao, bladder, etc.55氣能生血、行血、攝血，故稱“氣為血之帥Qi can produce, propel, control blood, and thus it is said “qi is the commander of blood”.56經(jīng)絡(luò)是運(yùn)行全身氣血的通道。Meridian system is the pathways for qi and blood to circulate in the whole body.57

33、孫絡(luò)是人體最細(xì)小的絡(luò)脈，這就是為什么中醫(yī)將其稱為“孫絡(luò)The minute collaterals are the smallest collaterals. That is why they are literally called in TCM.58經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說(shuō)是爭(zhēng)辯人體經(jīng)絡(luò)的生理功能、病理變化及其臟腑相互關(guān)系的學(xué)說(shuō)。The meridian theory is to study the physiological functions and pathological changes of humanmeridians and their relationships with the visc

34、era.由于手三陽(yáng)經(jīng)與足三陽(yáng)經(jīng)在頭部交接，所以說(shuō)“頭為諸陽(yáng)之會(huì)The three yang meridians of hand and the three yang meridians of foot are connected with eachother in it, so “the head is the place where all kinds of yang meet”.經(jīng)脈中的氣血運(yùn)行是循環(huán)貫注的，如環(huán)無(wú)端。Qi and blood in the meridians circulate in cycles, without an end.61六淫是風(fēng)、寒、暑、濕、燥、火六種外感病

35、邪的統(tǒng)稱。The six pathogenic factors are a collective term for six exogenous pathogens of wind, cold,summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire.癘氣是一類具有猛烈傳染性的病邪，具有發(fā)病急驟、病情較重、傳染性強(qiáng)、易于流行等特點(diǎn)。Pestilent pathogens are a kind of highly infectious pathogens, which are characterized by suddenonset, severe condition, f

36、ulminating infectivity and strong epidemicity.七情內(nèi)傷直接影響相應(yīng)的內(nèi)臟，使臟腑氣機(jī)逆亂，氣血失調(diào)，導(dǎo)致種種疾病的發(fā)生。The seven abnormal emotions often directly impair their related internal organs, leading to disorder of visceral qi, disharmony between qi and blood, and consequently bringing on diseases.64飲食不節(jié)主要是損傷脾胃，導(dǎo)致脾胃功能失常。Immode

37、rate diet mainly impairs the spleen and stomach, leading to dysfunction of them.65痰和飲都是水液代謝障礙所形成的病理產(chǎn)物。Phlegm and stagnant fluid are both pathological substances caused by retention of water.66很多疾病的過(guò)程也就是邪正斗爭(zhēng)及其盛衰變化的過(guò)程。The course of many diseases is a process of combat between pathogenic factors and he

38、althy qi aswell as the ebb and flow of their strengths.邪氣盛則實(shí)，精氣奪則虛。Predominance of pathogenic factors leads to excess while depletion of essence results indeficiency.正勝邪退，疾病趨向好轉(zhuǎn)和痊愈When healthy qi triumphs over pathogenic factors, it will lead to improvement of or recovery from an illness.血虛是指血液缺乏或血的

39、濡養(yǎng)功能減退的病理變化。Blood deficiency refers to a morbid state of blood insufficiency or hypofunction of blood tonourish.氣滯血瘀是由于氣的運(yùn)行不暢而導(dǎo)致的血運(yùn)障礙。Blood stasis with qi stagnation means that unsmooth flow of qi leads to disturbance of blood circulation.局部病變可以影響及全身、內(nèi)臟的病變，可以從各個(gè)方面放映出來(lái)。Local pathological changes may

40、involve the whole body and the viscera, which can be manifestedin various aspects.四診的方法是在長(zhǎng)期的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐中逐步形成和進(jìn)展起來(lái)的。The four diagnostic methods were developed gradually in the long-term medical practice.73.假神是垂危病人消滅精神臨時(shí)好轉(zhuǎn)的假象?！癋alse vitality” is a false manifestation of temporary vitality during the critical

41、 stage of a disease.74 常色指人在正常生理狀態(tài)時(shí)的面部色澤。Normal complexion refers to the facial colors under physiological conditions.75 在臨床應(yīng)用中，只有四診合參才能得到正確的診斷。Clinically, only combined use of the four diagnostic methods can enable one to perform thecorrect diagnosis.76 疾病的表現(xiàn)盡管極其簡(jiǎn)單，但根本上都可用八綱加以歸納。The manifestations

42、of a disease, though complicated, can be generalized into a certain pattern inthe light of the eight principles.熱證是感受熱邪、或陽(yáng)盛陰虛，人體的機(jī)能活動(dòng)亢進(jìn)所表現(xiàn)的證候。Heat syndrome, characterized by hyperactivity of human functions, is caused by invasion of pathogenic heat or predominance of yang with decline of yin.虛癥是對(duì)人體正

43、氣虛弱各種臨床表現(xiàn)的病理概括。Deficiency syndrome is a pathological generalization of various manifestations due to deficiency of healthy qi.實(shí)證是對(duì)人體感受外邪，或體內(nèi)病理產(chǎn)物蓄積而產(chǎn)生的各種臨床表現(xiàn)的病理概括。Excess syndrome is a pathological generalization of various manifestations caused by exogenouspathogens or accumulation of pathological su

44、bstances in the body.真陰缺乏與真陽(yáng)缺乏就是腎陰缺乏與腎陽(yáng)缺乏。Deficiency of genuine yin or yang refers to insufficiency of kidney yin or yang.81植物藥依據(jù)入藥局部的不同，采集季節(jié)和方法也不同。The seasons and methods of collecting herbs vary with the parts used for medicinal purpose ofthe herbal plants.82寒性藥物具有清熱、瀉火、解毒的作用。Cold-natured herbs ha

45、ve the functions of clearing away heat, purging fire, and removing toxin.83熱性藥物具有祛寒、溫里、助陽(yáng)的作用。Hot-natured herbs have the functions of expelling coldness, warming the interior and invigorating yang.84辛味藥多有發(fā)散和行氣血的作用。Herbs pungent in flavor have the functions of dispersing and promoting flow of qi and b

46、lood.85毒性猛烈的藥物用量過(guò)多就會(huì)發(fā)生副作用或中毒。Overuse of herbs with acute toxicity will cause side-effects or intoxication. 86方劑學(xué)是爭(zhēng)辯藥物的配伍關(guān)系、組成規(guī)律、臨床應(yīng)用和復(fù)方藥理的一門科學(xué)。The science of prescription aims to study the combination of herbs, formulating rule of different herbs in a prescription, and clinical application and pharm

47、acology of the compound prescription. 87方劑組成發(fā)生變化后，其功用和主治也發(fā)生變化。The function and indication of a prescription vary with the modification of its component herbs.在主證不變的狀況下，可隨著病癥的變化參加或削減某些藥物以適應(yīng)當(dāng)前的病情。Some herbs can be added or deducted according to the changes of symptoms as the mainsyndrome is unchanged.

48、但凡以辛散發(fā)表的藥物為主組成，用以治療表證的方劑稱為解表劑。Those (prescriptions) that are mainly composed of pungent herbs with the function of dispersing exterior pathogens in treatment of exterior syndrome are called exterior syndrome-relieving prescription,祛風(fēng)方中所用藥物多性溫、苦、燥、升陽(yáng)。The herbs used in wind-expelling prescriptions are

49、 mostly bitter in flavor, warm and dry in property, and yang-lifting in function.針灸療法在臨床上的應(yīng)用源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。The therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion has a long history in clinical practice.93常用的進(jìn)針手法主要分為單手進(jìn)針?lè)ê碗p手進(jìn)針?lè)?。Thecommonneedle-insertingmethodsareclassifiedassingle-handedinsertionanddouble-handed insertion

50、.捻轉(zhuǎn)法指針刺入肯定深度后，將針向前向后來(lái)盤旋轉(zhuǎn)捻動(dòng)的方法。The rotating technique refers to the manipulation of twisting the needle to and fro after insertingit into a certain depth.平補(bǔ)平瀉指進(jìn)針后均勻地提插捻轉(zhuǎn)，得氣后出針。Even reinforcing-reducing technique refers to the manipulation of lifting, thrusting, twisting and rotating of the needle wit

51、h moderate force and even frequency after inserting it, and thenwithdrawing it afterthe arrival of qi.灸治療法一般使用于虛證、寒證和陰證的疾病。The therapy of moxibustion is usually applicable to the treatment of deficiency, cold and yin syndromes.簡(jiǎn) 答 題What is traditional Chinese medicine?Traditional Chinese medicine TC

52、M, with a history of thousands years, unique and integrated theoretical system, rich practical experience and good clinical effect, has been making great contribution to Chinese peoples health care and the development of Chinese nation, it is a summary of the Chinese peoples experience in their stru

53、ggle against diseases.Do you know what the characteristics of TCM?The characteristics of TCM is concept of holism and treatment based on Syndrome differentiation.How do you understand the theory of yin and yang.Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrela

54、ted things or phenomena in nature. Yin yang oppose each other. Yin and yang depend on each other. Yin and yang wane and wax between each other. Yin and yang transform between each other.The theory of yin and yang permeates through all aspects of theoretical system of TCM, it servesto explain the org

55、anic structure, physiological function and pathological changes of the human body, and in addition guides clinical diagnosis and treatment.Please tell the order of restriction of the five elementsRestriction implies bringing under control or restraint. The restricting activity among the fiveelements

56、 follows a circular order: wood restricts earth, earth restricts water, water restrict fire, fire restricts mental, and mental in turn restricts wood. In this circular order, each of the fiveelements is marked by “being restricted” and “restricting”.What is the main function of liver and lung.The ma

57、in physiological function of the liver are to store blood, govern free flow of qi, control tendons also regulates the volume of blood in circulation and open into eyes.The main physiological functions of the lung are to do dominate qi and control respiration, govern ascent, dispersion, purification

58、and descent as well as regulate water passage. The lung is related to sorrow in emotions and the skin and hair in the exterior. The lung opens into the nose.What are the extraordinary fu-organs and why they are so called?“Extraordinary fu-organs” including the brain, marrow, bones, vessels, gallblad

59、der and uterus. They are similar to the fu-organs in morphology and to the zang-organs in function so it is calledextraordinary fu-organs.What are the physiological functions of qi ?The first is promoting. The second is warming. The third is defending. The fourth is consolidating.The fifth is transforming.8 What are the relationships among qi and blood?Qi is the commander