高中英語書面表達之議論文專題1三、議論文專題1例證法一正面舉例論證范文2堅持觀點還是放棄觀點定稿課件

1、一、議論文專題1 （舉例論證） 作者對某一問題持有一種看法，為了使讀者同意，提出若干理由，試圖說服他人，這種通過議論或說理來表達作者見解和主張的文體叫議論文。論證方法：一、例證法 example例證法也叫事例論證，是用令人信服的典型事例來證明自己論點正確的一種方法。即，所舉的能證明論點的具體事例、概括事實、各種現(xiàn)象、統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，及作者對此所做的分析，合為舉例論證。它是議論文寫作中最常用的一種論證方法。（事例和擺事實論證）“事實強于雄辯”，在典型的事例面前，道理不言而喻。一、議論文專題1 （舉例論證） 作者對某一問題二、比較法比較法也是一種常見的論證方法，分對比與類比兩種。、類比法所謂類比，就是借

2、助某個或某幾個類似的故事、實例或?qū)懽髡甙才诺那榫常M行由此及彼的推理。、對比法comparison 所謂對比，就是把正反兩方面的論點和論據(jù)加以剖析對照，達到否定錯誤觀點，樹立正確論點的目的。三、引證法 quotation引證法也叫道理論證，是通過引用名人名言、古詩文名句、反映科學(xué)規(guī)律的俗語諺語警句等來證明自己觀點正確可信的一種論證方法。 二、比較法比較法也是一種常見的論證方法，分對比與類比兩種四、喻證法 喻證法是用設(shè)喻來論證論點的方法。在議論文中，設(shè)喻可以使論點更易懂、更風(fēng)趣、更容易獲得讀者的認同。喻證法能化抽象為具體、化艱深為淺顯、化枯燥為生動。四、喻證法 喻證法是用設(shè)喻來論證論點的方法。議

3、論文的寫作要注意以下幾點：1. 準(zhǔn)確找出論點、論據(jù)及其之間的相互關(guān)系，即找出要點；2. 合理安排材料的順序，即論點、論據(jù)和結(jié)論之間的表述方式；3. 注意文章的時態(tài)、語態(tài)等。議論文常用一般現(xiàn)在時，但述說過去的事實時，可用過去時態(tài)；預(yù)測將來時，要用將來時態(tài)；也經(jīng)常使用被動語態(tài)；有時假設(shè)一種虛擬情況時，還需要用虛擬語氣。議論文的寫作要注意以下幾點： 議論文專題1例證法（1）舉例論證（具體事例）正面案例范文1 當(dāng)自己和別人觀點不一致時，是放棄還是堅持自己的意見范文 2 2014年山東卷 患難見真情/有志者事竟成 范文3 2014年湖北卷 Small Things make a Difference范文

4、4 2014年福建卷 對一句名言的理解 反面案例范文3 早起的鳥兒有蟲吃 （基礎(chǔ)篇）（2） 列事實，講道理論證（概括事實、各種現(xiàn)象、統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)）范文1 2014年上海卷欄目增減及其理由（書信體）范文2 2014年浙江卷 向?qū)W校圖書館推薦新書范文3 2013上海卷為博物館畫展推薦場所范文4 時間比金錢重要范文5 責(zé)任心的重要性范文6 如何將壞心情變?yōu)楹眯那?2009年江西卷改編) 專題2 對比論證結(jié)論或建議類（對比論證為主）范文1 網(wǎng)上交友的利弊范文2 網(wǎng)購的利弊范文3 B1M6 上網(wǎng)利弊（提綱類）范文4 上網(wǎng)利弊表格類范文5 介紹鼠標(biāo)的利弊(2009年江蘇卷改編)范文6 手機的利弊范文7 禁止乞

5、丐在地下人行道行乞留宿范文8 B6M5 克隆人利弊范文9 學(xué)生外出郊游討論介紹及個人看法范文10 填志愿先考慮選學(xué)校還是選專業(yè)以及理由專題2 對比論證結(jié)論或建議類（對比論證為主）范文1 說明文 說明文是用簡潔的文字介紹事物的特性、構(gòu)造、變化或結(jié)果的文章。高考中，說明文常見的話題有：方位地點（國家、小地方）介紹、社會現(xiàn)象、指導(dǎo)如何做事、文化習(xí)俗介紹、節(jié)日介紹、變化或異同介紹、興趣愛好介紹、計劃說明、購物指南，產(chǎn)品介紹和操作說明等。 寫作這類文章需注意以下幾點：1. 首先要讀題審題，弄清需要介紹的內(nèi)容，把握信息要點。2. 寫作內(nèi)容要條理清楚，層次分明。說明科技方面的內(nèi)容常用定義法、對比法、分類法和

6、因果法等；說明自然環(huán)境方面的內(nèi)容常用時空次序法與分類法等。3. 時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時，當(dāng)然若是介紹其歷史時，要用一般過去時；語態(tài)可能用到被動語態(tài)；若是介紹地點、環(huán)境等，要善于運用there be結(jié)構(gòu)。寫作這類文章需注意以下幾點：1. 首先要讀題審題，弄清在班級活動中，當(dāng)你的想法與大多數(shù)同學(xué)不一致時，你是堅持自己的觀點并說服別人，還是尊重大多數(shù)同學(xué)的意見？請以“When I Have a Different Opinion”用英語寫一篇100-120詞的短文。要求如下：從以上兩種做法中選擇一種；以具體事例闡述你選擇的理由。注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地區(qū)、學(xué)校、同學(xué)姓名等真實信息。在班級活動中

7、，當(dāng)你的想法與大多數(shù)同學(xué)不一致時，你是堅持自己的審題：體裁：時態(tài)：人稱：要點：議論文+記敘文一般現(xiàn)在時+一般過去時第一人稱+(第三人稱)1.在班級活動中，當(dāng)我的想法與大多數(shù)同學(xué)不一致時，我是堅持自己的觀點并說服別人，(/尊重大多數(shù)同學(xué)的意見)2. 我自己的做法和理由3.舉出具體事例來闡述我做出的選擇和理由4. 總結(jié)在班級活動中，當(dāng)你的想法與大多數(shù)同學(xué)不一致時，你是堅持自己的觀點并說服別人，還是尊重大多數(shù)同學(xué)的意見？請以“When I Have a Different Opinion”用英語寫一篇100-120詞的短文。要求如下：從以上兩種做法中選擇一種；以具體事例闡述你選擇的理由。議論文+記敘

8、文一般現(xiàn)在時+一般過去時第一人稱+(第三人稱)1要點1.在班級活動中，當(dāng)我的想法與大多數(shù)同學(xué)不一致時，我堅持自己的觀點并說服別人，（或尊重大多數(shù)同學(xué)的意見）1. _.2._.3._.2. 我自己的做法和理由_There are chances that In class activities, we often meet some situation that1.When faced with the situation, I ,because I think 2.堅持自己的意見When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it （

9、堅持）. By doing so , I can.We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.3.放棄自己的意見When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority（大多數(shù)人）. The main reason for my choice is that要點1.在班級活動中，當(dāng)我的想法與大多數(shù)同學(xué)不一致時，我堅持3.具體事例闡述你選擇的理由_4.總結(jié)：1._2._So,

10、according to this experience, I believe sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.Once we 3.具體事例闡述你選擇的理由So, according to 范文一 When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We

11、may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it. By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly. Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a

12、 park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time that day. So I think good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all. 范文一 When I Have a Dif范文二：When I Have a Different Opinion We may have diff

13、erent opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority. The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism (受集體主義文化熏陶), I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the gr

14、oup benefit.為了集體利益，我更愿意犧牲自己個人的喜好。Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic. Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. So, according to

15、this experience, I believe sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.范文二：When I Have a Different Op堅持自己的觀點 Different people have different ideas. In class activities, we often find that our ideas are different from most of students. But in my opinion, we should insist on our ideas and try t

16、o get others agreement, because our thoughts may be a good idea.(鐘杰楊) 理由充分 For example, our class has a mountain climbing activity. And when we were on the half way of the mountain, it seemed to rain. So I suggested that we should stop and not keep going. But other students wanted to keep climbing.

17、In the end, I insisted on my opinion and persuaded other students. I succeeded and when we arrived at the foot of the mountain, it began to rain. However, because of my insistence, all of us were in good condition. .(唐金鳳，李卓 )亮點：1.記敘過程描述思路清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，過渡詞用得好 2.做了恰當(dāng)?shù)狞c評 不足之處： 單詞拼寫錯誤，虛擬語氣誤用堅持自己的觀點 Different

18、peo堅持自己的觀點 Sometimes, you may have a different opinion with other people, and what would you do? Insist on your opinion or give it up to follow the others？ When we have an activity in our class, different people often have different ideas. As a monitor, I often have my own idea, and I would insist o

19、n it. I think everyone has the right to insist on your own opinion, as long as it is r for good for your classmates and yourself. （我的選擇及理由）.(賴琪友) 本段亮點：開篇新穎, 觀點明確，理由充分堅持自己的觀點本段亮點：開篇新穎, 觀點明確，理由充分 放棄自己的觀點，服從大多數(shù)人的意見 Different people have different ideas in organizing class activities. I would choose to

20、give up my idea and follow others opinion. （優(yōu)點：簡潔，準(zhǔn)確） The reason is that group benefits are more important than individuals. Once our class decided to go out and have a picnic or watch a movie. I liked to go to watch a movie(更改為I preferred the second choice), but my classmates wanted to go for a pic

21、nic. We had an argument, but in the end, I gave up my view and followed them. We enjoyed ourselves that day. So it means everyone had a good time.(李鳳) According to this experience, I understand sometimes whose idea you insist on is not important, but being happy is of vital importance and giving up

22、means getting more.(黃丹) 句式優(yōu)美，觀點獨特本段亮點：1.記敘過程描述思路清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，過渡詞用得好 2.做了恰當(dāng)?shù)狞c評 放棄自己的觀點，服從大多數(shù)人的意見 D放棄自己的觀點，服從大多數(shù)人的意見 There is no doubt that I will give up my view and listen to others opinion. Because I think that group benefit is more important than individuals. And then, I think it will take a long time

23、to persuade other students. Its so bad for us to waste time on this thing.(徐曉鑫) In fact, I prefer to follow others instead of persuading them, because it must take l long time to communicate with them and persuade them. So wasteful a thing it is! (譚語嫣) because the class benefit is more important than individuals. And I cant break this fascinating atmosphere. Last but not least, I believe the opinion that other students come up with is better than mine.（鄭杰）三個不同層面的理由句式優(yōu)美，理由充分而獨特 So, when I have a different opinion, I would follow others，which makes everyone happy.(陳靜)放棄自己