大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第一套)

1、2018年6月四級(jí)考試真題（第一套）PartWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofreadingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports

2、.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionsland2arebasedonthen

3、ewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Annoyed.C)Confused.B)Scared.D)Offended.2.A)ItcrawledoverthewomanshandsC).Itwaskilledbythepoliceonthespot.B)Itwounduponthesteeringwheel.D)Itwascoveredwithlargescales.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Astudyofthefast-foodservice.Fastfoodcustomersatis

4、faction.McDonaldsnewbusinessstrategies.Competitioninthefast-foodindustry.A)Customershigherdemands.Theinefficiencyofemployees.Increasedvarietyofproducts.Therisingnumberofcustomers.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Internationaltreatiesregardingspacetravelprograms.Legalissuesinvol

5、vedincommercialspaceexploration.U.S.governmentsapprovalofprivatespacemissions.Competitionamongpublicandprivatespacecompanies.A)Deliverscientificequipmenttothemoon.Approveanewmissiontotravelintoouterspace.Workwithfederalagenciesonspaceprograms.LaunchamannedspacecrafttoMars.7.A)Itissignificant.C)Itisu

6、npredictable.B)Itispromising.D)Itisunprofitable.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)

7、andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)VisitingherfamilyinThailand.ShowingfriendsaroundPhuket.A)ShevisitedaThaiorphanage.B)ShemetaThaigirlsparents.A)Hisclasswillstartinaminute.Hehasgotanincomingphone

8、call.SwimmingaroundaThaiisland.LyinginthesunonaThaibeach.ShelearnedsomeThaiwords.ShesunbathedonaThaibeach.Someoneisknockingathisdoor.Hisphoneisrunningoutofpower.A)HeisinterestedinThaiartworks.Heisgoingtoopenasouvenirshop.Hecollectsthingsfromdifferentcountries.HewantstoknowmoreaboutThaiculture.Questi

9、ons12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Buyingsomefitnessequipmentforthenewgym.Openingagymandbecomingpersonaltrainers.Signingupforaweight-losscourse.Tryingoutanewgymintown.A)Professionalpersonaltraining.Freeexerciseforthefirstweek.A)Thesafetyofweight-lifting.Thehighmembershipfee.A)Shewa

10、ntsherinvitationrenewed.Sheusedtodo200sit-upseveryday.Adiscountforahalf-yearmembership.Additionalbenefitsforyoungcouples.Therenewalofhismembership.Theoperationoffitnessequipment.C)Sheknowsthebasicsofweight-lifting.D)Sheusedtobethegymspersonaltrainer.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreep

11、assages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthe

12、passageyouhavejustheard.A)Theytendtobenervousduringinterviews.Theyoftenapplyforanumberofpositions.Theyworryabouttheresultsoftheirapplications.D)Theysearchextensivelyforemployersinformation.A)Getbetterorganized.Edittheirreferences.A)Providetheirdataindetail.Personalizeeachapplication.Findbetter-paidj

13、obs.Analyzethesearchingprocess.Makeuseofbettersearchengines.Applyformorepromisingpositions.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Ifkidsdidnotlikeschool,reallearningwouldnottakeplace.Ifnotforcedtogotoschool,kidswouldbeoutinthestreets.Ifschoolsstayedthewaytheyare,parentsweresuretoprote

14、st.Ifteachingfailedtoimprove,kidswouldstayawayfromschool.A)Allowthemtoplayinterestinggamesinclass.Trytostiruptheirinterestinlabexperiments.Letthemstayhomeandlearnfromtheirparents.Designactivitiestheynowenjoydoingonholidays.A)Allowkidstolearnattheirownpace.Encouragekidstolearnfromeachother.Organizeki

15、dsintovariousinterestgroups.Takekidsoutofschooltolearnatfirsthand.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ItisespeciallypopularinFloridaandAlaska.Itisamajorsocialactivityamongtheyoung.Itisseenalmostanywhereandonanyoccasion.Itisevenmoreexpressivethanthewrittenword.A)Itislocatedinabigcit

16、yinIowa.Itisreallymarveloustolookat.A)Theirstateofmindimproved.Theybecamebetterdancers.A)Itisfun.Itislife.Itoffersfreedanceclassestoseniors.Itofferspeopleachancetosocialize.Theyenjoyedbetterhealth.Theirrelationshipstrengthened.Itisexhausting.Itisrhythmical.PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA

17、Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet

18、2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Sincethe1940s,southernCaliforniahashadareputationforsmog.Thingsarenotasbadastheyoncewerebut,accordingtotheAmericanLungAssociation,LosAngelesisstilltheworstcityintheUnitedStatesforlevelsof26.GazingdownonthecityfromtheGett

19、yCenter,anartmuseumintheSantaMonicaMountains,onewouldfindtheviewofthePacificOceanblurredbythehaze(霾).Noristhestatesbad27airtoitssouth.Fresno,inthecentralvalley,comestopofthelistinAmericaforyear-roundpollution.Residentsheartsandlungsareaffected28as.aAllofwhich,combinedwithCaliforniareputationsastheho

20、meoftechnological29,makestheplaceidealfordevelopingandtestingsystemsdesignedtomonitorpollutionin30.AndthatisjustwhatAclima,anewfirminSanFrancisco,hasbeendoingoverthepastfewmonths.Ithasbeentryingoutmonitoringstationsthatare31toyieldminute-to-minutemapsof32airpollution.Suchstationswillalsobeabletokeep

21、aneyeonwhatishappeninginsidebuildings,includingoffices.Tothisend,Aclimahasbeen33withGooglesStreetViewsystem.DavidaHerzl,Aclimaboss,saystheyhaverevealedpollutionhighsondayswhenSanFranciscostransitworkerswstrikeandthecitys34wereforcedtousetheircars.Conversely,“cycletowork”dayshavedonetheirjobby35pollu

22、tionlows.A)assistedI)inhabitantsB)collaboratingJ)innovationC)consequenceK)intendedD)consumersL)outdoorE)creatingM)pollutantsF)detailN)restrictedG)domesticO)sumH)frequentlySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninon

23、eoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.AsTouristsCrowdOutLocals,VeniceFacesEndangeredListOnarecentfallmorning,alargecrowdblockedthestepsa

24、toneofVenicesmaintouristsites,theRialtoBridge.TheRialtoBridgeisoneofthefourbridgesspanningtheGrandCanal.Itistheoldestbridgeacrossthecanal,andwasthedividinglinebetweenthedistrictsofSanMarcoandSanPolo.Butonthisday,therewasatwist:itwastilledwithVenetians,nottourists.“Peoplearecheeringandholdingtheircar

25、tsintheair,”saysGiovanniGiorgio,whohelpedorganizethemarchwithagrass-rootsorganizationcalledGenerazione90.ThecartsherefersaresmallshoppingcartsthesymbolofatrueVenetian.“Itstartedasajoke,”hesays“Theideawastoputbladesonthewheels!Youknow?LikeBenHur.Preciselylikethat,youjustgoaroundandrunpeopledown.”C)Ve

26、niceisoneofthehottesttouristdestinationsintheworld.Butthatsaproblem.Uptotouristscrowditsstreetsandcanalseverydayfaroutnumberingthe55,000permanentresidents.Thetouristincreaseisonekeyreasonthecityspopulationisdownthefrom1950s175,000.TheioutnumberedVenetianshavebeensteadilyfleeing.Andthosewhostickaroun

27、daretiredoflivinginaplacewheretheycantevengettothemarketwithoutswimmingthroughaseaofpicture-snappingtourists.Imagine,navigatingthrough50,000peoplewhileonthewaytoschoolortowork.LauraChigi,agrandmotheratthemarch,saysthelocalandnationalgovernmentshavefailedtodoanythingaboutthecrowdsfordecades,becauseth

28、eyreonlyinterestedintourismtheprimaryindustryinVenice,worthmorethan$3billionin2015.“Veniceisacashcow,”shesays,“andeveryonewantsapiece.”E)JustbeyondSt.MarksSquare,acruiseshippasses,oneofhundredseveryyearthatappearovertheirmedieval(中世紀(jì)的)surroundings.Theirmassivewakecreateswavesatthebottomofthesea,weak

29、eningthefoundationsofthecenturies-oldbuildingsthemselves.“EverytimeIseeacruiseship,Ifeelsad,”Chigisays.“Youseethemuditdrags;thedestructionitleavesinitThathurtstheancientwoodenpolesholdingupthecityunderwater.OnedaywellseeVenicebreakdown.”F)Foratime,UNESCO,theculturalwingoftheUnitedNations,seemedtoagr

30、ee.Twoyearsago,itputItalyonnotice,sayingthegovernmentwasnotprotectingVenice.UNESCOconsiderstheentirecityaWorldHeritageSite,agreathonorthatmeansVenice,attheculturallevel,belongstoalloftheworldspeoplen2014,.IUNESCOgaveItalytwoyearstomanageVenicesflourishingtourismorthecitywouldbeplacedonanotherlistWor

31、ldHeritageInDanger,joiningsuchsitesasAleppoandPalmyra,destroyedbythewarinSyria.G)Venicesdeadlinepassedwithbarelymurmura(嘟噥)thissummer,justasUNESCOwasmeetinginIstanbul.Onlyonerepresentative,JadTabetfromLebanon,triedtoraisetheissue.“Foryears,thesituationofheritageinVenicehasbeenworsening,andithasnowre

32、achedadramaticsituation,”TabettoldUNESCO.“Wehavetoactquickly,thereisnotamomenttowaste.H)ButUNESCOdidntevenholdavote.“Itsbeenpostponeduntil20l7,”saysAnnaSfounderandCEOofTheArtNewspaperandtheformerheadofVeniceinPeril,agroupdevotedtorestoringVenetianart.ShesaysthemainreasontheU.N.culturalorganizationdi

33、dnvotetodeclareVeniceaWorldHeritageSiteInDangerisbecauseUNESCOhasbecome“intenselypoliticized.Therewouldhavebeensomebackroom-negotiations.”I)ItalyboastsmoreUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesthananyothercountryintheworld,grantingitconsiderablepowerandinfluencewithintheorganization.TheformerheadoftheUNESCOWorldH

34、eritageCentre,whichoverseesheritagesites,isFrancescoBandarin,aVenetianwhonowservesasUNESCOsassistantdirector-generalforculture.Earlierthisyear,ItalysignedanaccordwithUNESCOtoestablishataskforceofpoliceartdetectivesandarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)toprotectculturalheritagefromnaturaldisastersandterrorgroups,su

35、chasISIS.TheaccordunderlinedalyItsglobalreputationasagoodstewardofartandculture.ButaddingVenicetotheUNESCOendangeredlistwhichisdominatedbysitesindevelopingandconflict-riddencountrieswouldbeaninternationalembarrassment,andcouldevenhurtItalyprofitablestourismindustry.TheItalianCultureMinistrysaysitisu

36、nawareofanygovernmenteffortstopressureUNESCO.Asfortheorganizationitself,itdeclinedarequestforaninterview.Thecitycurrentsmayor,Luigibusiness,whilecontinuingtoresidents.Brugnaro,hasridiculedUNESCOandtoldittominditsownsupportthecruiseshipindustry,whichemploys5,000VeniceM)AsforVenetians,theyrebeyondfrus

37、tratedandhopingforasolutionsoon.“Itme.Somesituationsarereallydifficultwithtouristsaround,”saysGiorgioashenavigatesaswellingcrowdattheRialtoBridge.“Therearejustsomanyofthem.Theyneverknowwhetheyaregoing,anddonotwalkinanorderlymanner.Navigatingthestreetscanbeexhausting.”N)Thenithitshim:Thiscrowdisntmad

38、eupoftourists.TheyreVenetians.GiorgiosaysexperiencedtheRialtoBridgethiswayinallhis22years.“Foronce,wearetheoneswhoareblockingthetraffic,he”saysdelightedly.“Itfeelsunreal.Itfeelslikeweresomeformofendangeredspecies.Itjustnice.Thefeelingisjustpure.”But,heworries,iftourismisntmanagedandhisfellowlocalsco

39、ntinuetomovetothemainland,hisgenerationmightbethelastwhocancallthemselvesnativeVenetians.ThepassingcruiseshipswillunderminethefoundationsoftheancientbuildingsinVenice.TheItaliangovernmenthasjustreachedanagreementwithUNESCOtotakemeasurestoprotectitsculturalheritage.TheheritagesituationinVenicehasbeen

40、deterioratinginthepastfewyears.ThedecreaseinthenumberofpermanentresidentsinVeniceismainlyduetotheincreaseoftourists.Iftourismgetsoutofcontrol,nativeVenetiansmaydesertthecityaltogetheroneday.UNESCOurgedtheItaliangovernmenttoundertakeitsresponsibilitytoprotectVenice.TheparticipantsintheVenetianmarchus

41、edshoppingcartstoshowtheywere100%localresidents.IgnoringUNESCOswarning,themayorofVenicemaintainshissupportofthecitytourismindustry.OnewomansaysthatfordecadestheItaliangovernmentandlocalauthoritieshaveonlyfocusedontherevenuesfromtourism.UNESCOhasnotyetdecidedtoputVeniceonthelistofWorldHeritageSitesIn

42、Danger.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50ar

43、ebasedonthefollowingpassage.Losingyourabilitytothinkandrememberisprettyscary.Weknowtheriskofdementia(癡呆癥)increaseswithage.Butifyouhavememoryslips,youprobablyneedntworry.Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.Afterage50,itsquitecommontohavetroublerememberingthena

44、mesofpeople,placesandthingsquickly,saysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWomensHospitalinBoston.Thebrainagesjustliketherestofthebody.Certainpartsshrink,especiallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearning,memoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflo

45、wcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.Forgettingthenameofanactorinafavoritemovie,forexample,isnothingtoworryabout.Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordonremembertevenseeingit,thatfarsmoreconcerning,Daffnersays.Whenyouforgetentireexperiences,hesays,thats“aredflagthatsomethingmoreseribeinvolved.”Forgettingho

46、wtooperateafamiliarobjectlikeamicrowaveoven,orforgettinghowtodrivetothehouseofafriendyouvevisitedmanytimesbeforecanalsobesignsofsomethinggoingwrong.Buteventhen,Daffnersays,peopleshouldnpanict.Therearemanythingsthatcancauseconfusionandmemoryloss,includinghealthproblemsliketemporarystoppageofbreathing

47、duringsleep,highbloodpressure,ordepression,aswellasmedications(藥物)likeantidepressants.Youdonthavetofigurethisoutonyourown.Daffnersuggestsgoingtoyourdoctortocheckonmedications,healthproblemsandotherissuesthatcouldbeaffectingmemory.Andthebestdefenseagainstmemorylossistotrytopreventitbybuildingupyourbr

48、aincognitives(認(rèn)知的)reserve,Daffnersays.“Readbooks,gotomovies,takeonnewhobbiesoractivitiesthatforceonetothinkinnovelways,”hesaysIn.otherwords,keepyourbrainbusyandworking.Andalsogetphysicallyactive,becauseexerciseisaknownbrainbooster.46.Whydoestheauthorsaythatoneneedntbeconcernedaboutmemoryslips?Notall

49、ofthemaresymptomsofdementia.Theyoccuronlyamongcertaingroupsofpeople.Theyarequitecommonamongfifty-year-olds.Whathappensaswebecomeagedaccordingtothepassage?Ourinteractionskillsdeteriorate.Somepartsofourbrainstopfunctioning.Communicationwithinourbrainweakens.Ourwholebrainstartsshrinking.Whichmemory-rel

50、atedsymptomshouldpeopletakeseriously?A)Totallyforgettinghowtodoonesdailyroutines.B)Inabilitytorecalldetailsofoneslifeexperiences.C)Failuretorememberthenamesofmoviesoractors.D)Occasionallyconfusingtheaddressesofonesfriends.49.Whatshouldpeopledowhensignsofseriousmemorylossshowup?A)Checkthebraincogniti

51、vesreserve.C)Turntoaprofessionalforassistance.B)Stopmedicationsaffectingmemory.D)Exercisetoimprovetheirwell-being.WhatisDr.Daffnersadviceforcombatingmemoryloss?Havingregularphysicalandmentalcheckups.Engaginginknownmemoryrepairactivities.Stayingactivebothphysicallyandmentally.PassageTwoQuestions51to5

52、5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AletterwrittenbyCharlesDarwinin1875hasbeenreturnedtotheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives(檔案館)bytheFBIafterbeingstolentwice.“Werealizedinthemid-1970sthatitwasmissing,”saysEffieKapsalis,headoftheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives.“Itwasnotedasmissingandtakenlikelybyanintern(實(shí)習(xí)生

53、),fromwhattheFBIistellingus.Wordgotoutthatitwasmissingwhensomeoneaskedtoseetheletterforresearchpurposes,”andtheinternputtheletterback.“Theinternlikelytooktheletteragainoncenobwatchingit.”Decadespassed.Finally,theFBIreceivedatipthatthestolendocumentwaslocatedveryclosetoWashington,D.C.Theirartcrimetea

54、mrecoveredtheletterbutwereunabletopresschargesbecausethetimeoflimitationshadended.TheFBIworkedcloselywiththeArchivestodeterminethattheletterwasbothauthenticanddefinitelySmithsoniansproperty.TheletterwaswrittenbyDarwintothankanAmericangeologist,Dr.FerdinandVandeveerHayden,forsendinghimcopiesofhisrese

55、archintothegeologyoftheregionthatwouldbecomeYellowstoneNationalPark.Theletterisinfairlygoodcondition,inspiteofbeingoutofthecareoftrainedmuseumstaffforsolong.“Itwasluckilyingoodshape,”saysKapsalis,“andwejustorhavethingstodoinsomeminordertobeabletounfoldit.Ithassomeglueonitthathascoloreditslightly,but

56、nothingthatwillpreventusfromusingit.Afteritisrepaired,wewilltakedigitalphotosofitandthatwillbeavailableonline.Oneofourgoalsistogetitemsofhighresearchvalueorinteresttothepubliconline.Itwouldnowbedifficultforanintern,visitororathieftostealadocumentlikethis.practiceshavechangedgreatlysincethel970s,”say

57、sKapsalis,“andwekeepourhighvaluedocumentsinasafethatIdontevenhaveaccessto.”51.WhathappenedtoDarwinsletterinthel970s?ItwasrecoveredbytheFBI.Itwasstolenmorethanonce.Itwasputinthearchivesforresearchpurposes.ItwaspurchasedbytheSmithsonianArchives.52.WhatdidtheFBIdoaftertherecoveryoftheletter?A)Theyprove

58、ditsauthenticity.C)Theyarrestedthesuspectimmediately.B)Theykeptitinaspecialsafe.D)Theypressedcriminalchargesinvain.53.WhatisDarwinsletterabout?TheevolutionofYellowstoneNationalPark.HiscooperationwithanAmericangeologist.Somegeologicalevidencesupportinghistheory.Hisacknowledgementofhelpfromaprofession

59、al.WhatwilltheSmithsonianInstitutionArchivesdowiththeletteraccordingtoKapsalis?Reserveitforresearchpurposesonly.C)Keepitapermanentsecret.Turnitintoanobjectofhighinterest.D)Makeitavailableonline.WhathasthepasthalfcenturywitnessedaccordingtoKapsalis?Growinginterestinrareartobjects.Radicalchangesinarch

60、ivingpractices.Recoveryofvariousmissingdocuments.Increasesinthevalueofmuseumexhibits.PartTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.近來(lái)幾年來(lái)，中國(guó)有越來(lái)越多的城市開(kāi)始建設(shè)地鐵。發(fā)展地鐵有助于減少城市的交通擁堵和空氣污染。地鐵擁有安全、快捷和酣暢的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。越來(lái)