語法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)

1、語法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練-時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)是英語謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語中的時(shí)態(tài)是經(jīng)過動(dòng)詞形式自己的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。英語中常用的時(shí)態(tài)有16種，但高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有十種：10種時(shí)態(tài)組成(以do為主要用法例)一般此刻時(shí)do/does常常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，客觀事實(shí)，此刻的狀態(tài)一般過去時(shí)did在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一般未來時(shí)will/shalldo在未來某一時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)過去未來時(shí)woulddo在過去某一時(shí)刻看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are表示此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作doing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were表示在過

2、去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作doing未來進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shallbe表示未來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作doing此刻達(dá)成時(shí)have/hasdone表示以前已發(fā)生或達(dá)成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響此刻還存在；也可表示連續(xù)到此刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去達(dá)成時(shí)haddone表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或達(dá)成的動(dòng)詞，即“過去的過去”此刻達(dá)成進(jìn)行have/hasbeen表示一個(gè)從過去就開始向來連續(xù)到此刻時(shí)doing并有可能連續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”組成，不一樣時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式由be來表現(xiàn)，如

3、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)就是“was/were+過去分詞”，一般未來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)就是“willbe+過去分詞”。解題技巧在語法填空中，一般有一空是考察謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)有一空是考察非謂語動(dòng)詞，所以，第一要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞仍是非謂語動(dòng)詞；假如謂語動(dòng)詞，一是依據(jù)主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動(dòng)語態(tài)仍是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，二是依據(jù)詳細(xì)的語境來判斷用哪一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而確立所填動(dòng)詞的形式。例1：Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(resul

4、t)inthecontrarytoourintention.(2008廣東)剖析：因句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，括號(hào)中的result應(yīng)該為謂語動(dòng)詞；主語與謂語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，再說短語動(dòng)詞resultin自己是不可以用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的，故用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；依據(jù)語境，這段話是拔苗滋長(zhǎng)這個(gè)成語故事所說明的道理，“我們一定讓事物沿著它們的自然進(jìn)度發(fā)展。太焦急幫助一件事物發(fā)展，結(jié)果常常和我們的企圖相反（欲速則不達(dá)）?！边@是客觀真諦，應(yīng)該用一般此刻時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填results。例2：Thepolicemansattentionwassu

5、ddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich_(place)undertheMinisterscar.(2005廣東)剖析：代替thebox的關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中作主語，place應(yīng)該為謂語動(dòng)詞；因主語which(thebox)與place(擱置)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又因place這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在wascaught這個(gè)動(dòng)作以前，即“過去的過去”，用過去達(dá)成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填hadbeenplaced。一、單句填空：用所給動(dòng)詞的適合形式填空。1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe?_(notlive)hereanymore.(全國(guó)I)2.This

6、machine_(notwork).Ithasntworkedforyears.(浙江)3.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they_(increase)theirsalesby20percent.(全國(guó))4.Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople_(live)incitiesinthenearfuture.(上海春)He_(play)footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.(天津)-HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?-Yes,sinceshe_(

7、join)theChineseSociety.(寧夏)7.Teenagers_(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.(重慶)8.IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldntgetthrough.Herbrother_(talk)onthephoneallthetime!(湖南)9.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe_(notsmoke),andhehassmokedeversince.(北京)Bythistimetomorrow,I_(lie)onthebe

8、achSofarthisyearwe_(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(福建)12.Thehotelwasntparticularlygood.ButI_(stay)inmanyworsehotels.(北京)13.Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe_(know)eachotherforyears.(遼寧)14.-ImsureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.-Ithinkso.He_(prepare)foritformont

9、hs.(江蘇)15.Thetelephone_(ring),butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.(四川)16.-Didyougototheshowlastnight?-Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_(invite).(陜西)-Whatsthatnoise?Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine_(test).(浙江)18.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_(teach)manytimesontheradio.(安徽)二、語篇填空閱讀下邊短文，依據(jù)句子構(gòu)造的語法性和上下文連接的要求

10、，在空格處填入一個(gè)適合的詞或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為3140的相應(yīng)地點(diǎn)上。(以動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為主)(1)It?wasgettingdarkwhenIgothome.ItwascoldandI1_(wear)acoat.Iwalkeduptothedoorandputmyhandintomypocket2_(take)outmykey3_Icouldntfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI?hadleft4_onmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidntmake5_difference.Iknewmywifewasathom

11、eandthechildrenmusthavecomebackfromschool6_now,soIknocked?atthedoor.Therewasnoanswer,soIknockedagain.I7_(continue)knockingtheofficeboyhadtoldmeatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife8_(phone)?sayingthatshe9_(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Therewasonlyonethingforme?todo:Ihadtoclimein10_window.(2)Whenhewasa

12、littleboy,ChristopherCockerelloncewatchedhismother1_(turn)thewheelofhersewing-machinewithherhand.“Wouldntitwork2_(quick)ifamachineturnedthewheelforyou?”heasked.“Isupposeitwould,”saidhismother,without3_(pay)himanyattention.Christopher4_(know)shealwayshadalotofwork,andhewanted5_(help)her.Upinhisbedroo

13、mtherewasatoysteam-enginewhichhisfatherhadbought6_asagift.“I7_(make)betteruseofit,”littleChristophersaidtohimself.So,whenhismother8_(notuse)hersewing-machine,hefixedthetoysteam-engineontoit.Whenthejob9_(finish),hewasquitepleased,?10_(think)hismother11_(like)it.“Veryclever,”hismothersaid,whenshesawit.Thenshesatdo