魚用疫苗在工業(yè)化海水養(yǎng)殖中的應(yīng)用

1、魚用疫苗在水產(chǎn)工業(yè)化養(yǎng)殖中的應(yīng)用Application of fish vaccines in industrial aquaculture匯報提綱 Outline 背景Background 魚用疫苗在工業(yè)化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖中的應(yīng)用Fish vaccines applications 問題與展望Problems & ProspectsI 背景 BackgroundsBy 2050, 70% more foodwill be required to feedthe worlds population.FAO, 2014蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化效率Efficient production of proteinsMari

2、neproteinsVegetable100公斤飼料投入100 kg feed gives:proteinsVegetableoilsMarineoils70605040302010065 kg20 kg13 kg pork 1,2 kg lambsalmonchicken65公斤鮭魚 20公斤雞肉 13公斤豬肉 1.2公斤羊肉以可食用肉質(zhì)計(Measured as edible meat)Eivind，2014It is clear that aquaculture will continueto fill the growing supply-demand gapin the face o

3、f rapidly expanding globalfish demand.水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖仍是滿足全球快速增長的漁業(yè)消費需求的主要途徑。Beyond 2030, aquaculture will likelydominate future global fish supply.China will likely still be at the top of the producer list of major fish species, but otherAsian countries/ regions will likely become stronger contributors of futu

4、reaquaculture growth.水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖-2030Consequently, ensuring successful and sustainable development ofglobal aquaculture is an imperative agenda for the global economy.持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)對于全球經(jīng)濟發(fā)展影響巨大。But supplying fish sustainably-producing it without depletingproductive natural resources and without damaging thep

5、recious aquatic environment-is a huge challenge.建立不以資源依賴、環(huán)境破壞為代價的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展模式，富有挑戰(zhàn)。工業(yè)化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖工業(yè)化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖 Industrial aquaculture生物安保遺養(yǎng)殖工程病害-防控Diseases-ControlLoss caused directly by diseases:More than 10 billion RMB Yuan per year.藥物殘留(Drug residues) 環(huán)境安全(Environmental security)抗藥性(Resistance) Diseases controlFrom

6、 Web病原 Pathogens水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖動物病原上百種，具有地域多樣性、宿主特異性等特征細菌（Bacterium）、病毒（Virus）、寄生蟲（Parasite）、真菌（Fungus）From WebFrom Web疫苗-免疫應(yīng)答Vaccines-Immune Responses疫苗是人類文明進程中不可替代的發(fā)明成果天花（天花病毒，Smallpox）脊髓灰質(zhì)炎（脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病毒，Poliovirus）白百咳、乙型肝炎、狂犬病、流感抗原1抗原2抗原3抗體1抗體2抗體3導(dǎo)入抗原免疫應(yīng)答分泌抗體疫苗主動介導(dǎo)發(fā)生宿主自身免疫應(yīng)答特異性有效性預(yù)防性正確的疫苗接種，接近自然過程，沒有殘留，持續(xù)期長，環(huán)境友好

7、，有效預(yù)防疾病發(fā)生。是水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖病害防控的有效手段。食品安全問題環(huán)境安全問題微生物抗性問題抗原成分滅活疫苗亞單位疫苗減毒疫苗全細胞滅活疫苗減毒活疫苗亞單位疫苗DNA疫苗抗原導(dǎo)入方式注射免疫浸泡免疫口服免疫Marian McLoughlin，F(xiàn)ish vaccination, 2006.II 魚用疫苗的應(yīng)用II 魚用疫苗的應(yīng)用300,000,000 salmons/year100,000,000 injected twice60504030201001200Use of antibiotics in fishFish production100080060040020001. Use of vac

8、cines.2. Genetic breeding.3. Strict scientific management.7479848994990409Roar Gudding,2010.3.26 Beijing75.6Salmon productionAntibiotics use351482007年養(yǎng)殖情況比較。2008年-2009年，智利大西洋鮭養(yǎng)殖暴發(fā)嚴重的病毒性病害。0.13ChileNorwayFAO 2009II 魚用疫苗的應(yīng)用有相當(dāng)數(shù)制品業(yè)挪威大西洋鮭細Viral and bactesalmon industr單價疫苗多價疫苗多聯(lián)疫苗自動麻醉機Automatic anaesthet

9、ization全自動免疫注射機Automatic vaccinating by injection自動浸泡機Fully-automatic immersion自動分級VAKI - FishGrader裝備研發(fā)為產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供了重要保障專業(yè)分工疫苗生產(chǎn)裝備支撐疫苗接種健康養(yǎng)殖挪威養(yǎng)殖現(xiàn)場進行大西洋鮭魚注射免疫Atlantic salmon immunization In Norway全自動疫苗接種2萬-3萬尾/小時。50g, PD; 70g, 6 antigens注射后3天即可攝食（操作與疫苗）6050403020100120010008006004002000Use of antibiotics

10、 in fishFish production挪威大西洋鮭養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量魚抗生素用量變化7479848994990409Roar Gudding,2010.3.26 Beijing挪威大西洋鮭養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)出效率（投入1尾魚苗的產(chǎn)出量）Yield pr smolt (kg harvestedsalmon pr. smolt put to sea)II 魚用疫苗的應(yīng)用有效的疫苗制品成熟的裝備平臺規(guī)范的技術(shù)標準良好的養(yǎng)殖平臺II 魚用疫苗的應(yīng)用有效的疫苗制品在前期大量工作基礎(chǔ)上，2014、2016年分別大規(guī)模制備了大西洋鮭疫苗制品。II 魚用疫苗的應(yīng)用III 問題與展望 Problems & Prospects

11、1. 接種疫苗是魚類工業(yè)化健康養(yǎng)殖的必需環(huán)節(jié)Vaccination is indispensable in industrial aquaculture經(jīng)濟損失生產(chǎn)成本治療效果食品安全產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展III 問題與展望 Problems & Prospects2. 推廣魚用疫苗在生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用任務(wù)艱巨地域多樣病原多樣性宿主多樣性準確評估疫苗應(yīng)用可行性扎實的研究積累流行病學(xué)調(diào)查疾病診斷、病原分有效的制 穩(wěn)定規(guī)范品&成熟的 的養(yǎng)殖生免疫疫、應(yīng)用裝備產(chǎn)平臺III 問題與展望 Problems & Prospects3. 病害預(yù)防是一項系統(tǒng)工程Prevention of infectious diseases

12、A holistic approach（1）疫苗是工業(yè)化健康養(yǎng)殖病害防控的必要條件，但不是充分條件Dose-respons challenge of furunculosis10090807060UNVACCINATEDGROUPS50403020100VACCINATEDGROUPSEivind， 2014Challenge pressure (bacteria/ml injected)3. 病害預(yù)防是一項系統(tǒng)工程Prevention of infectious diseases A holistic approach（2）疫苗是病害防控的第一道防線10090HERD IMMUNITYV.STRATEGY80706050403020100OPTIMALLOCALISAT