2023考研英語閱讀答案解析

1、2004考研英語閱讀答案解析【篇一：2004-2023歷年考研英語真題閱讀理解word打印版】ding text 1 hunting for a job late last year, lawyer gant redmon stumbled across careerbuilder, a job database on the internet. he searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites personal search agent. its an interactive feature that lets vis

2、itors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then e-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and washington, d.c. three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. i struck gold, says redmon

3、, who e-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. with thousands of career-related sites on the internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. but although a

4、 search agent worked for redmon, career experts see drawbacks. narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility. says one expert. for any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to do then broa

5、den it. none of these programs do that, says another expert. theres no career counseling implicit in all of this. instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the databas

6、e again. i would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me, says the author of a job-searching guide. some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. when careersites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its servic

7、e, for example, it includes only three potential jobs those it considers the best matches. there may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them and they do. on the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic, says seth peets

8、, vice president of marketing for careersite. even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. although happily emplo

9、yed, redmon maintains his agent at careerbuilder. you always keep your eyes open, he says. working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. 41. how did redmon find his job? a by searching openings in a job database. b by posting a matching position in a data

10、base. c by using a special service of a database. d by e-mailing his resume to a database. 42. which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? a lack of counseling. b limited number of visits. c lower efficiency. d fewer successful matches. 43. the expression tip service (line 4, para

11、graph 3) most probably means _. a advisory.b compensation.c interaction.d reminder. 44. why does careersites agent offer each job hunter only three job options? a to focus on better job matches.b to attract more returning visits. c to reserve space for more messages. d to increase the rate of succes

12、s. 45. which of the following is true according to the text? a personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters. b some sites keep e-mailing job seekers to trace their demands. c personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed. d some agents stop sending information to peopl

13、e once they are employed. text 2 over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. but one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. this, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surname

14、s begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. it has long been known that a taxi firm called aaaa cars has a big advantage over zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. less well known is the advantage that adam abbott has in life over zoe zysman. english names ar

15、e fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between a and k. can this merely be coincidence? one theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets

16、 in early. at the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. so short-sighted zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. at th

17、e time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. the humiliation continues. at university graduation ceremonies, the abcs proudly ge

18、t their awards first; by the time they reach the zysmans most people are literally having a zzz. shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

19、46. what does the author intend to illustrate with aaa a cars and zodiac cars? a a kind of overlooked inequality. b a type of conspicuous bias. c a type of personal prejudice. d a kind of brand discrimination. 47. what can we infer from the first three paragraphs? a in both east and west, names are

20、essential to success. b the alphabet is to blame for the failure of zo? zysman. c customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names. d some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. 48. the 4th paragraph suggests that _. a questions are often put to the more intelligent students. b

21、alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class. c teachers should pay attention to all of their students. d students should be seated according to their eyesight. 49. what does the author mean by most people are literally having a zzz (lines 2-3, paragraph 5)? a they are getting impat

22、ient. b they are noisily dozing off. c they are feeling humiliated.d they are busy with word puzzles. 50. which of the following is true according to the text? a people with surnames beginning with n to z are often ill-treated. b vips in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism. c the ca

23、mpaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go. d putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. text 3 when it comes to the slowing economy, ellen spero isnt biting her nails just yet. but the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed

24、 like to, either. most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. spero blames the softening economy. im a good economic indicator, she says. i provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars

25、. so spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow dillards department store near her suburban cleveland home, instead of neiman marcus. i dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too she says. even before alan greenspans admission that americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working

26、 folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. from car dealerships to gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. for retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between thanksgiving and christmas, the cautious approach is coming at

27、 a crucial time. already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. but dont sound any alarms just yet. consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. consu

28、mers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. home prices are holding steady in most regions. in manhattan, theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by wall street bonuses, says bro

29、ker barbara corcoran. in san francisco, prices are still rising evenas frenzied overbidding quiets. instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three, says john deadly, a bay area real-estate broker. and most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a jo

30、b. many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a

31、sustained boom. diners might see an upside, too. getting a table at manhattans hot new alain ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. not anymore. for that, greenspan co. may still be worth toasting. 51. by ellen spero isnt biting her nails just yet(line 1, paragraph 1), the author means _. a spero

32、 can hardly maintain her business.b spero is too much engaged in her work. c spero has grown out of her bad habit. d spero is not in a desperate situation. 52. how do the public feel about the current economic situation? a optimistic.b confused. c carefree. d panicked. 53. when mentioning the $4 mil

33、lion to $10 million range (lines 3-4, paragraph 3) the author is talking about _. a gold market. b real estate.c stock exchange. d venture investment. 54. why can many people see silver linings to the economic showdown? a they would benefit in certain ways. b the stock market shows signs of recovery

34、. c such a slowdown usually precedes a boom. d the purchasing power would be enhanced. 55. to which of the following is the author likely to agree? a a now boom, on the horizon. b tighten the belt, the single remedy. c caution all right, panic not. d the more ventures, the more chances. text 4 ameri

35、cans today dont place a very high value on intellect. our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in

36、our schools arent difficult to find. schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual, says education writer diane ravitch. schools could be a counterbalance. razitchs latest bock, left back: a century of failed school reforms, traces the roots of anti-intell

37、ectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the american distaste for intellectual pursuits. but they could and should be. encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. without the ability to think critically, t

38、o defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. continuing along this path, says writer earl shorris, we will become a second-rate country. we will have a less civil ellect is resented as a form of power or privilege, writes histori

39、an and professor richard hofstadter in anti-intellectualism in american life, a pulitzer prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in us politics, religion, and education. from the beginning of our history, says hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject any

40、thing that smells of elitism. practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. ralph waldo emerson and other transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on

41、 children: we are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. mark twains huckleberry finn exemplified american anti-intellectualism. its hero avoids being civilized going to school and learning to read so

42、he can preserve his innate goodness. intellect, according to hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect exa

43、mines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. school remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children

44、 who show the least intellectual promise. 56. what do american parents expect their children to acquire in school? a the habit of thinking independently. b profound knowledge of the world. c practical abilities for future career.d the confidence in intellectual pursuits. 57. we can learn from the te

45、xt that americans have a history of _. a undervaluing intellect.b favoring intellectualism. c supporting school reform.d suppressing native intelligence. 58. the views of ravish and emerson on schooling are _. a identical. b similar. c complementary. d opposite. 59. emerson, according to the text, i

46、s probably _. a a pioneer of education reform.b an opponent of intellectualism. c a scholar in favor of intellect.d an advocate of regular schooling. 60. what does the author think of intellect? a it is second to intelligence. b it evolves from common sense. c it is to be pursued.d it underlies powe

47、r. 2005 ? reading text 1 everybody loves a fat pay rise. yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even【篇二：2004考研英語閱讀真題翻譯】特網(wǎng)上與求職相關(guān)的網(wǎng)址數(shù)以千計(jì)，尋找可能的職業(yè)空缺費(fèi)時(shí)效率又低。有了搜索代理，就沒那么多必要反復(fù)訪問資料庫(kù)了。不過，雖然有一個(gè)搜索代理成功地

48、為雷德曼找到了工作，就業(yè)專家卻還是認(rèn)為搜索代理并不如人意。比方縮小你的要求條件就有可能對(duì)你不利。一位專家說：“你每答復(fù)一次問題你就喪失一次時(shí)機(jī)。 即使非求職的人士也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)搜索代理值得一覽。有些人利用搜索代理密切觀察對(duì)于本行業(yè)的需求或搜集有關(guān)加薪的信息以備增薪談判時(shí)胸有成竹。雷德曼雖然已愉快就職，但他與“職業(yè)建筑師網(wǎng)代理的聯(lián)系依舊保持著。他說：“你要永遠(yuǎn)睜大眼睛。使用個(gè)人搜索代理等于多一雙眼睛替你在觀察。 2004 text 2 在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里各種各樣的不公和歧視遭到了譴責(zé)或定為非法。但是有一種隱蔽的形式還在蔓延：按字母表順序排名。對(duì)于尚未意識(shí)到其危害的人來說，它指的是對(duì)那些姓氏起始字母位于

49、字母表后半部的人的歧視。 人們?cè)绲涝诳蛻舴?簿時(shí)，名叫aaaa的出租汽車公司要比zodiac出租汽車公司有很大的優(yōu)越性。至于在生活方面adam abbott較之zo? zysman的優(yōu)越性就不那么為人所知了。英語的姓名雖然在字母表的前后兩半局部的分布相當(dāng)平均，但頂級(jí)人物的姓名的首字母在a與k之間的卻多得可疑。 這僅僅是巧合嗎？按字母表順序排名靠后的人在享受閑暇時(shí)光時(shí)憑空想出一種理論，認(rèn)為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。在幼兒學(xué)校第一年之始，老師為了較為容易記住學(xué)生的名字，就按字母表順序由前往后給學(xué)生排座位。因此近視的小zysman就被插在了后排，這樣一來，粗心的教師提出的有助于提高的問題就很少會(huì)問到

50、他。這時(shí)，按字母表順序排名靠后的學(xué)生還認(rèn)為他們能逃避老師的問題很幸運(yùn)。然而，結(jié)果可能就是成績(jī)欠佳，因?yàn)檫@種學(xué)生得到的個(gè)人關(guān)注較少，同時(shí)當(dāng)眾講話時(shí)的信心也缺乏。 這種委屈繼續(xù)著。在大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上，姓名首字母是abc的學(xué)生驕傲的首先領(lǐng)到獎(jiǎng)品；等輪到zysmans們領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)品的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)人簡(jiǎn)直都在鼾聲大作了。求職面試、選舉投票、會(huì)議發(fā)言或參加會(huì)議等諸多名單，也是按字母表順序排序，當(dāng)人們費(fèi)力地向下查看時(shí)，興趣隨之索然。 2004 text 3 即使在格林斯潘還未成認(rèn)美國(guó)過熱的經(jīng)濟(jì)正在冷卻的時(shí)候，許許多多的勞動(dòng)者已經(jīng)看出經(jīng)濟(jì)漸緩的跡象。由于購(gòu)物者節(jié)約他們的支出，從汽車代理商到gap名牌零售折扣店，數(shù)月以

51、來銷售一直滯緩。去年在感恩節(jié)和圣誕節(jié)之間零售商的銷售收入是全年的百分之二十四。對(duì)于他們來講，在關(guān)鍵時(shí)期該謹(jǐn)慎行事了。專家言之有據(jù)，較之去年假日銷售速度已經(jīng)減緩了百分之七。不過，目前還不必敲什么警鐘。消費(fèi)者看起來略顯憂慮，并沒有驚慌失措。許多人雖然稍微勒緊腰帶，但他們說對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)期前景還是樂觀的。 2004 text 4 今天的美國(guó)人不很看重才學(xué)。我們的英雄不是學(xué)者而是運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)、演藝圈名星和企業(yè)家。即使是我們的學(xué)校也只是我們送孩子去接受實(shí)用教育的地方，而不是讓他們?yōu)榱酥R(shí)而去追求學(xué)問。學(xué)校里不難發(fā)現(xiàn)反智主義的普遍表現(xiàn)。 但學(xué)校是能夠并應(yīng)該做到這一點(diǎn)的。鼓勵(lì)孩子們排斥精神生活使得他們極易被利用和控

52、制。如果不能批判地思考、不能保衛(wèi)自己的思想、不能理解他人的思想，他們就不能充分地 按照霍夫斯塔特的觀點(diǎn)，才學(xué)不同于天生的智力，它是一種我們不太情愿去贊賞的品質(zhì)。才學(xué)是精神世界中的批評(píng)、創(chuàng)造和沉思的一面。智力尋求的是理解、運(yùn)用、整合和調(diào)節(jié)，而才學(xué)是審視、思考、探究、形成理論、批判和想象。 學(xué)校仍然是才學(xué)備受疑心的地方?；舴蛩顾卣f，掌握我們國(guó)家教育體系的人“沾沾自喜地、霸氣十足地公然宣稱敵視才學(xué)，迫不及待地認(rèn)同那些看來在才學(xué)方面最難造就的孩子?！酒?004年考研英語試題及答案】 class=txtsection ii use of english directions: read the f

53、ollowing text. choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points) many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. theori

54、es 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their fail

55、ure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25 as a rejection of middle-class values. most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. the latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parent

56、al control. all theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism. changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. for example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult

57、 to obtain. the resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior. families have also 33 changes these years. more families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 34, children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 3

58、6. this lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect. all these conditions tend to increase th

59、e probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 21. a actingb relyingc centeringd commenting 22. a beforeb unlessc untild because 23. a interactionb assimilationc cooperationd consultation 24. a returnb replyc referenced response 25.

60、a orb but ratherc butd or else 26. a consideringb ignoringc highlightingd discarding27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. a onb inc ford with a immuneb resistantc sensitived subject a affectb reducec checkd reflect a pointb leadc comed amount a in generalb on averagec by contrastd