威廉.勃特勒.葉芝

1、威廉.勃特勒.William Butler Yeats1Weilianbatele Yeats (William Butler Yeats) (June 13, 1865), also his translation of young William Butler Yeats, Yates, Ireland of poets, playwrights, the famous Mystic. Yeats was Ireland Renaissance movement leader, Abbey Theatre (the Abbey Theatre), one of the creators.威

2、廉巴特勒葉芝（William Butler Yeats）（1865年6月13日1939年1月28日），亦 年輕的他譯“葉慈”、“耶茨”，愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人、劇作家，著名的神秘主義者。葉芝是“愛(ài)爾蘭文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)”的領(lǐng)袖，也是艾比劇院（Abbey Theatre）的創(chuàng)建者之一。 2 Yeats earlier creations have ornate style of the romantic, good at creating a fantastic atmosphere, for example, in 1893, he published essays of the Celtic twilight

3、, it belongs to this style. After entering the age of 40, however, under the influence of modernist poets yizilapangde and others, in particular his participation in Ireland nationalist political movement under the influence of personal experience, a relatively intense changes in Yeats writing style

4、 more towards modernism葉芝早年的創(chuàng)作具有浪漫主義的華麗風(fēng)格，善于營(yíng)造夢(mèng)幻般的氛圍，例如他在1893年出版的散文集凱爾特曙光，便屬于此風(fēng)格。然而進(jìn)入不惑之年后，在現(xiàn)代主義詩(shī)人伊茲拉龐德等人的影響下，尤其是在其本人參與愛(ài)爾蘭民族主義政治運(yùn)動(dòng)的切身經(jīng)驗(yàn)的影響下，葉芝的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格發(fā)生了比較激烈的變化，更加趨近現(xiàn)代主義了。3葉芝不僅僅是艾比劇院的決策者之一，也曾擔(dān)任愛(ài)爾蘭國(guó)會(huì)參議員一職。他十分重視自己的這些社會(huì)職務(wù)，他是愛(ài)爾蘭參議院中有名的工作勤奮者。葉芝曾于1923年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，獲獎(jiǎng)的理由是“用鼓舞人心的詩(shī)篇，以高度的藝術(shù)形式表達(dá)了整個(gè)民族的精神風(fēng)貌, 1934年，他和拉迪

5、亞德吉卜林共同獲得古騰堡詩(shī)歌獎(jiǎng)。Yeats is not only policy makers of the Abbey Theatre, also serving as Ireland post of Senator. He emphasized the importance of this social positions, he was the Ireland known for hard work in the Senate. Yeats in 1923, won the Nobel literature prize, awarded on the grounds that inspi

6、rational poem, to highly artistic forms of expression of the spiritual Outlook of the whole nation. 4Early worksThe TV Rheinland nasifuli island was Yeats in the early days of the representative. The poem focuses performance poet of capitalist civilizations rejected and infinite longing for idyllic

7、pastoral life, escapism and distinctive aesthetic tendency of romance.早期作品 茵納斯弗利島是葉芝在早期的代表作。該詩(shī)集中表現(xiàn)了詩(shī)人對(duì)資本主義文明的厭棄和對(duì)田園牧歌生活的無(wú)限向往，具有逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)的唯美傾向和鮮明的浪漫色彩。 5The Lake Isle of Innisfree by William Butler Yeats I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;

8、 Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honey-bee, And live alone in the bee-loud glade. And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings; There midnights all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow, And evening fu

9、ll of the linnets wings. I will arise and go now, for always night and day, I hear the lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore; While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray, I hear it in the deep hearts core. 譯文： 茵納斯弗利島 （愛(ài)爾蘭）威廉巴勒斯葉芝 我就要?jiǎng)由砣チ?，去茵納斯弗利島； 搭起一個(gè)小屋子，筑起泥巴房； 支起幾行云豆架，一排蜂蜜巢， 獨(dú)個(gè)

10、兒住著，蔭陰下聽(tīng)蜂群歌唱。 我就會(huì)得到安寧，它徐徐下降， 從朝霧落到蟋蟀歌唱的地方； 午夜是一片閃亮，正午是一片紫光， 傍晚到處飛舞著紅雀的翅膀。 我就要?jiǎng)由砣チ?，因?yàn)槲衣?tīng)到， 那水聲日日夜夜輕拍著湖濱； 不管我站在車(chē)行道或灰暗的人行道， 都在心靈深處聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這聲音。6神秘主義葉芝一生都對(duì)神秘主義和唯靈論有濃厚的興趣。1885年，葉芝和一些朋友創(chuàng)立了“都柏林秘術(shù)兄弟會(huì)”（Dublin Hermetic Order）。這個(gè)組織在6月16日召開(kāi)了第一次集會(huì)，葉芝是領(lǐng)袖。同年，都柏林的神智學(xué)會(huì)館在通靈法師婆羅門(mén)摩西尼莎特里的組織下正式開(kāi)放，葉芝于次年參加了他的第一次降神會(huì)。后來(lái)，葉芝沉溺于神秘主義和通靈

11、術(shù)之中不能自拔。1900年，他甚至成為“金黎明秘術(shù)兄弟會(huì)”的領(lǐng)袖。他于1890年參加了這個(gè)組織。在結(jié)婚以后，葉芝夫婦曾經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的無(wú)意識(shí)寫(xiě)作。 葉芝的神秘主義傾向在他的名詩(shī)麗達(dá)與天鵝中體現(xiàn)得尤為明顯。這首短詩(shī)從希臘神話(huà)中取材，講述得是宙斯幻化成天鵝與美女麗達(dá)結(jié)合并生下兩個(gè)女兒的故事（一是著名的海倫，引發(fā)了特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；一是克呂泰涅斯特拉，希臘軍隊(duì)統(tǒng)率阿迦門(mén)農(nóng)的妻子）。這一母題在西方文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品中曾反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。關(guān)于葉芝創(chuàng)作這首名作的初衷，西方評(píng)論界曾有過(guò)各種不同的詮釋和解讀，有的認(rèn)為是“歷史變化的根源在于性愛(ài)和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”，有的則認(rèn)為是“歷史是人類(lèi)的創(chuàng)造力和破壞力共同作用的結(jié)果”。西方主流的文學(xué)史將

12、麗達(dá)與天鵝作為象征主義詩(shī)歌里程碑式的作品。 7Yeats is generally considered to be one of the most important 20th century poet writing in English. However, unlike most of the modern free verse poets in the field continued to make attempts, Yeats is a master of traditional poetic form. Style mainly reflects the impact of mo

13、dernism on Yeats poetry: as time goes on, abandoning traditional poetic style in the early works of poets writing, language style is getting cold, direct entrance themes. This shift in style is mainly reflected in the middle of his creations, including the collection of works, of the seven Woods, th

14、e responsibilities and the green helmet葉芝通常被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最重要的用英文寫(xiě)作的詩(shī)人之一。然而，不同于大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代主義詩(shī)人在自由體詩(shī)領(lǐng)域不斷做出嘗試，葉芝是傳統(tǒng)詩(shī)歌形式的大師?，F(xiàn)代主義對(duì)葉芝詩(shī)作風(fēng)格的影響主要體現(xiàn)在：隨著時(shí)間的推移，詩(shī)人逐漸放棄早期作品中傳統(tǒng)詩(shī)歌樣式的寫(xiě)作，語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格也越來(lái)越冷峻，直接切入主題。這種風(fēng)格上的轉(zhuǎn)變主要體現(xiàn)在他的中期創(chuàng)作中，包括作品集七片樹(shù)林、責(zé)任和綠盔現(xiàn)代主義Modernism8When you are old When you are old and grey and full of sleep, And nodding b

15、y the fire, take down this book, And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep; 當(dāng)你年老時(shí) （傅浩譯） 當(dāng)你年老，鬢斑，睡意昏沉， 在爐旁打盹時(shí)，取下這本書(shū)， 慢慢誦讀，夢(mèng)憶從前你雙眸 神色柔和，眼波中倒影深深； Yeats poem of the when you are old 葉芝名詩(shī)當(dāng)你老了9How many loved your moments of glad grace, And loved your beauty

16、with love false or true, But one man loved the pilgrim Soul in you, And loved the sorrows of your changing face; 多少人愛(ài)你風(fēng)韻嫵媚的時(shí)光， 愛(ài)你的美麗出自假意或真情， 但唯有一人愛(ài)你靈魂的至誠(chéng)， 愛(ài)你漸衰的臉上愁苦的風(fēng)霜； 10And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his

17、 face amid a crowd of stars. 彎下身子，在熾紅的壁爐邊， 憂(yōu)傷地低訴，愛(ài)神如何逃走， 在頭頂上的群山巔漫步閑游， 把他的面孔隱沒(méi)在繁星中間。11121314After entering in his later years, Yeats gradually ceased as middle age directly related to hit and political subject matter, instead of in a more personal style of writing. He started his own family, and chi

18、ldren writing poetry, there are times when you paint your own experiences and emotions on the passage of time, gradually aging. Included a part in his last poetry works in the circus animals escape vivid manifestation of his late works inspired: now that the ladder Im gone/I must lie in the ladder climb starting point.進(jìn)入晚年后，葉芝逐漸不再如中年時(shí)一樣直接觸及和政治相關(guān)的題材，而是開(kāi)始以一種更加個(gè)人化的風(fēng)格寫(xiě)作。他開(kāi)始為自己的家人兒女寫(xiě)詩(shī)，有的時(shí)候則描繪自己關(guān)于時(shí)間流逝、逐漸衰老的經(jīng)歷和心緒。收錄在他最后一部詩(shī)集中的作品馬戲團(tuán)動(dòng)物的大逃亡生動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)了他晚期作品的靈感來(lái)源：“既然我的