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1、關(guān)于小作文開頭段基本句型第1頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三Writing Task 1 基本要求summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparison where relevant.總結(jié)信息 (概括特征,數(shù)據(jù)支持)選擇和匯報主要的特點如果合適的話,進(jìn)行比較第2頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三2014年小作文題型分布2014年小作文題型分布Times柱狀圖13表格10曲線圖8餅圖23、流程圖64、地圖7混合圖2柱狀圖
2、27%餅圖4%流程圖12%地圖15%曲線圖17%表格21%混合圖4%2014年小作文題型分布1、動態(tài)圖2、靜態(tài)圖第3頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三小作文完成步驟-圖表(線/柱/表/餅圖)第一步:審題第二步:開頭段(改寫題目)第三步:完成主體部分第四步:結(jié)尾段第4頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三第1步:審題首先,確定圖形類別 動態(tài)圖(時間段) 靜態(tài)圖(時間點) 然后,確定描述對象 動態(tài)圖:有幾根線 靜態(tài)圖:幾個對象其次,確定時態(tài)第四,確定圖中重要的信息第五,確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)(分段)第5頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三區(qū)別
3、動態(tài)圖和靜態(tài)圖動態(tài)圖:強(qiáng)調(diào)變化趨勢靜態(tài)圖:強(qiáng)調(diào)對比時間動態(tài)圖靜態(tài)圖時間段時間點/無第6頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):判斷動態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 動態(tài)圖第7頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):判斷動態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 動態(tài)圖25%20%15%10%5%第8頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):判斷動態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 動態(tài)圖US population by race and ethnicity第9頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):判斷動態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 靜態(tài)圖第10頁,共61頁,2022年,5月
4、20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):判斷動態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 動態(tài)圖The pie charts compare the sources of pollutants in a particular area of ocean.第11頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三commuter railheavy raillight railbusDemand response練習(xí):判斷動態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 靜態(tài)圖第12頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):判斷動態(tài)圖還是靜態(tài)圖 靜態(tài)圖第13頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三第1步:審題首先,
5、確定圖形類別 動態(tài)圖(時間段) 靜態(tài)圖(時間點) 然后,確定描述對象 動態(tài)圖:有幾根線 靜態(tài)圖:幾個對象其次,確定時態(tài)第四,確定圖中重要的信息第五,確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)(分段)第14頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):確定描述對象4根線第15頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):確定描述對象4根線25%20%15%10%5%第16頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):確定描述對象10根線US population by race and ethnicity第17頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí)
6、:確定描述對象7根線The pie charts compare the sources of pollutants in a particular area of ocean.第18頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):確定描述對象5個對象第19頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三第1步:審題首先,確定圖形類別 動態(tài)圖(時間段) 靜態(tài)圖(時間點) 然后,確定描述對象 動態(tài)圖:有幾根線 靜態(tài)圖:幾個對象其次,確定時態(tài):第四,確定圖中重要的信息第五,確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)(分段)通過給定的時間確定第20頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期
7、三練習(xí):確定時態(tài) 過去時第21頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):確定時態(tài) 25%20%15%10%5%過去時將來時第22頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三第1步:審題首先,確定圖形類別 動態(tài)圖(時間段) 靜態(tài)圖(時間點) 然后,確定描述對象 動態(tài)圖:有幾根線 靜態(tài)圖:幾個對象其次,確定時態(tài)第四,確定圖中重要的信息 (最高值、第二高值、起始結(jié)束值、反轉(zhuǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)、總體趨勢)第五,確定文章結(jié)構(gòu)(分段)第23頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三動態(tài)圖什么數(shù)值比較重要一般來說:(針對一條線來說)1、最高值2、最后一年的數(shù)據(jù)3、第一
8、年的數(shù)據(jù)4、中間的數(shù)據(jù)第24頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí):確定重要信息 最高值:road第二高值:water最低值:pipeline總體趨勢:road,water,pipeline上升,rail 平穩(wěn)第25頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三第1步:審題1. 確定圖形類別:2. 確定描述對象:3.確定時態(tài):4.確定重要信息5.分段:動態(tài)圖(1974-2002) 有4根線分兩段過去時最高值:road貨運量最大最低值:pipeline貨運量最少趨勢:road,water,pipeline貨運量上升,rail 貨運量平穩(wěn)第26頁,共61頁,20
9、22年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三小作文完成步驟-圖表(線/柱/表/餅圖)第一步:審題第二步:開頭段(改寫題目)第三步:完成主體部分第四步:結(jié)尾段第27頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三第2步:開頭段基本句式1. informatione.g. The chart/graph provides/presents the information/data about. .2. compare+名詞e.g. The chart compares. . 3. show/illustrate +名詞e.g. The chart shows the changes in.
10、.4. how+賓語從句e.g. The chart/graph shows/illustrates how. . changed/varied. .(How 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句后面一定要加完整的句子)5. that+賓語從句:粗略的描述總體趨勢e.g. The chart/graph shows/reveals/indicates/suggests that. . 第28頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三開頭段簡單換詞graph (圖表、曲線圖)chart (圖表) =diagram = shows (v.) = information = the number of
11、=the proportion of =poeple in the USA=how to produce=in three countries=表達(dá)(一段時間) 例如:從1999到2009年=line graphbar chart,pie chart,flow chartFrom 1999 to 2009 = between 1999 and 2009 = over a period of 10 years=over the period from 1999 to 2009 = during the period between 1999 and 2009in the UK, France a
12、nd Spainthe process of producingAmericansthe percentage of = the figure forthe figure fordata illustrates figure (流程圖)= flow chart第29頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí): 開頭段改寫第30頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí): 開頭段改寫The graph provides the information about the amounts of goods transported in the United
13、Kindom by four means of transport over the period from 1974 to 2000. The line graph compares the quantities of goods transported in the United Kindom by four types of transport from 1974 to 2000. The graph illustrates the quantities of goods transported in the United Kingdom by four means of transpo
14、rt from 1974 to 2002. The graph illustrates (how the quantities of goods transported by four means of transport had changed) in the United Kingdom over a period of nearly 30 years. 注意: 從句的完整性第31頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí): 開頭段改寫The following table presents some information about consumer spendin
15、g on three items in five different countries in 2002.The table shows percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories of products and services in five countries in 2002. 第32頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí): 開頭段改寫The bar chart compares different age groups in terms of internet usage between 20
16、03 and 2006.第33頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三USA 40%Others 20%UK 10%Japan 30%Above 50 years old50%Below 30 years old15%40-49 years old20%練習(xí): 開頭段改寫法一:The two pie charts demonstrate the situation of overseas travel by Indians in terms of four destinations and age groups respectively. 法二:The first pie c
17、hart depicts the information about the number of Indians travelling to different countries, and the second one illustrates the figure for India travellers by different age groups. 第34頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三練習(xí): 開頭段改寫-流程圖The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for th
18、e building industry.brick manufacturingdiggerbrickswire cuttersand + watermetal gridrollerclaydeliverypackagingcooling chamberkilndrying ovenmould法二:The diagram shows how the bricks are produced in seven steps for the building purposes. 法一:The diagram shows the process of brick manufacturing in seve
19、n steps for the building purposes. 第35頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century. The map below shows the development of the village. 1868 18831883 19221922 19701970 1994built 1970built 1909練習(xí):
20、開頭段改寫-地圖方法一:The map shows the changes and development of Chorleywood village in Great Britain over a period of 126 years from 1868 to 1994.方法二:The map illustrates the changes in an area called Chorleywood during the period from 1868 to 1994. 第36頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三小作文完成步驟-圖表(線/柱/表/餅圖)第一步:審題
21、第二步:開頭段(改寫題目)第三步:完成主體部分第四步:結(jié)尾段第37頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三第3步 主體部分動態(tài)圖必備8個句型1. The figure of . increased/decreased.2. There be 句型3. see/witness4. 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)5. 用after which, during which time, by which time,when, where引導(dǎo)的定語從句6. 用while/whereas/although 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,或者but引導(dǎo)的并列句7. 倍數(shù)8. 比較級和最高級第38頁,共61頁,2022年,5月
22、20日,22點42分,星期三(圖表類)必備句式基本句型1:The figure of . increased rapidly from to during the period from to .主語(.的數(shù)值)描述趨勢的 V.描述變化幅度的 adv.描述變化幅度的 prep.時間范圍The figure of.The amount of.The quantity of.The number of.The percentage of.The proportion of.上升下降大幅度地顯著地穩(wěn)定地平穩(wěn)地小幅度地微弱地by .to .from.toduring/over the period f
23、rom.to.;in the following.years;in the early/late period between.and.increase;rise;grow;climb;soar;rocket;surge;ascend;go up;decrease;decline;drop;deminish;descend;plunge;plummet;wind down;fall;go down;markedly;remarkably;significantly;considerably;dramatically;sharply;rapidly;substantially;drastical
24、ly;exponentially;stably;steadily;constantly;gradually;continuously;moderately;gently;slightly;modestly;marginally;slowly;fractionally;insignificantly;注意:表示上升和下降的單詞一般都是不及物動詞,沒有被動語態(tài)。第39頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型1:The number of population increased c
25、onsiderably to 15 million during the period between 2000 to 2010.第40頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三(圖表類)必備句式基本句型2:There be句型S.+V.冠詞描述變化幅度的 adj.描述趨勢的 n.時間范圍There is .; There emerges .;The period from .to.witnesses.; The early/late/subsequent/following.years see.;This is followed by.; It undergoes/exper
26、iences.;aan大幅度的明顯的穩(wěn)定的平穩(wěn)的小幅度的微弱的上升下降in betweenandfrom to.marked;rapid;sharp;significant;dramatic;drastic;considerable;substantial;exponential;stable;steady;constant;gradual;continuous;moderate;gentle;slow;slight;modest;fractional;insignificant;increase;rise;growth;leap;soar;boom;surge;decrease;fall;d
27、ecline;slide;plunge;第41頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型2: There was a marked increase in the population from 2000 to 2010.There was a downward/an opposite trend in the population in the following five years. 第42頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三(圖表類)必備句式基本句型
28、3:see/witnessS.+V.冠詞描述變化幅度的 adj.描述趨勢的 n.時間范圍There is .; There emerges .;The period from .to.witnesses.; The early/late/subsequent/following.years see.;This is followed by.; It undergoes/experiences.;aan大幅度的明顯的穩(wěn)定的平穩(wěn)的小幅度的微弱的上升下降in betweenandfrom to.marked;rapid;sharp;significant;dramatic;drastic;consi
29、derable;substantial;exponential;stable;steady;constant;gradual;continuous;moderate;gentle;slow;slight;modest;fractional;insignificant;increase;rise;growth;leap;soar;boom;surge;decrease;fall;decline;slide;plunge;第43頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型3:In te
30、rms of the population of M-city, the period from 2000 to 2010 witnessed/saw a significant increase with the figure rising from 5 million at the very start to 15 eventually.第44頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三補(bǔ)充知識-see的使用21世紀(jì)初中國房價大幅上升。China: China saw a dramtic increase in house prices in the 2000s.The 20
31、00s The 2000s saw a dramatic increase in house prices in China.The real estate industry of China The real estate industry of China saw house prices increase dramtically in the 2000s. 第45頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三(圖表類)必備句式基本句型4:分詞結(jié)構(gòu)e.g. The number of population nearly doubled, rising from two mill
32、ion to four million in 2010. 注意:double 不及物V,無被動 was doubled; 5 million/billion/thousand/hundred, 不加Se.g. The population rose to four million in 2010, before declining to three million in 2012.=The population rose to four million in 2010, after which it declined to three million in 2012.注意:rise不及物V,無
33、被動;第46頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型4:The number of population nearly tripled, rising from five million to fifteen million in 2010. The population rose to fifteen million in 2010, before declining to ten million in 2015.第47頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期
34、三(圖表類)必備句式- 定語從句基本句型5:after which,during which time,by which time,when,where引導(dǎo)定語從句 e.g. The population rose to four million in 2010, after which it declined to three million in 2012. e.g. The volume of fruit sales remained constant until 2010, when the figure rose markedly. 水果銷售額一致保持到2010。在那一年,銷售額急速
35、上升。第48頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型5:The population rose to fifteen million in 2010, after which it declined to ten million in 2015.第49頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三(圖表類)必備句式- 狀語從句基本句型6:whereas/while/although引導(dǎo)狀語從句e.g. The volume of fruit sales amount
36、ed to the peak in August whereas it hit the trough in November.水果的銷量在8月份達(dá)到高峰,然而在11月觸到最低值。注意:用while和whereas時,注意兩個單句的結(jié)構(gòu)一致。e.g. Although men outnumbered women in science, this number was declined.雖然讀科學(xué)的男生比女生多,(但是)這個數(shù)字在下降第50頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型6
37、:The number of population amounted to the peak in 2010 whereas it declined to 10million in 2015. 第51頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三(圖表類)必備句式- 倍數(shù)基本句型7:times twice/xx times as much as .; twice/ xx times the figure for ; twice/xx times higher than ; e.g. 2010年,娛樂的花費是書的花費的三倍。The spending on entertainment
38、was three times as much as that on books in 2010.The spending on entertainment was 5000 dollars, three times the figure for books. The spending on entertainment was three times higher than that on books.注意比較對象要一致folde.g. 芬蘭老齡化人口增長了近三倍。基本句型1The number of aging population of Finland increased nearly t
39、hree fold. 基本句型3The number of aging population of Finland saw a three-fold increase. 第52頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型7:The number of population in 2010 was three times as much as the figure in 2000. The number of population of M-city increased nearly
40、 three fold in 2010. 第53頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三(圖表類)必備句式 - 比較級、最高級基本句型8:比較級、最高級e.g. 同芬蘭的老齡化人口相比,日本的老齡化人口數(shù)量高出很多。 Compared with the number of aging population of Finland, that of Japan was considerably higher.e.g. 日本的老齡化人口數(shù)量是最多的。 The number of aging population of Japan was highest. 注意:比較級易犯錯誤是“比
41、較對象不一致” 錯誤句子:The volume of fruit sales was approaching five tonnes in 2014, much higher than 2013.正確句子:The volume of fruit sales was approaching five tonnes in 2014, much higher than the figure in 2013.第54頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三M-city 人口變化圖20002005201020155201015millionyear基本句型8:The number of
42、population of M-city in 2010 was highest. 第55頁,共61頁,2022年,5月20日,22點42分,星期三圖表類小作文最常見錯誤例:The unemployment rate in the UK rose by 2% between 2008 and 2009, whereas Canada decreased by about 1%. The USA was the highest, at just over 4%.錯誤1:Canada decreased錯誤2:The USA was the highest改正:The unemployment rate in the UK rose by 2% between 2008 and 2009, whereas in Canada it decreased by about 1%. The USA saw the highest rise in employment, with an increase of just o
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