第章結(jié)締組織

1、第3章結(jié)締組織Connective TissueBinzhou Medical College：Wang Dong上皮組織Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong上皮組織Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong結(jié)締組織 Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong結(jié)締組織1. 結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：細(xì)胞數(shù)量少, 細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)多。細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)=纖維+基質(zhì)+組織液分散無(wú)極性血管、神經(jīng)和淋巴管2. 功能: Support, connection, nutrition, and repair3. 來(lái)源：Binzhou Medical Colle

2、ge：Wang Dong間充質(zhì)MesenchymeBinzhou Medical College：Wang Dong結(jié)締組織4. 分類 固有結(jié)締組織Connective tissue properLoose connective tissueDense connective tissueAdipose tissue（脂肪組織）Reticular tissue（網(wǎng)狀組織）軟骨和骨（Cartilage and bone）血液和淋巴（Blood and Lymph） Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong一、Loose connective tissue 蜂窩組織Areo

3、lar tissue特征： 細(xì)胞和纖維數(shù)量少細(xì)胞種類多 基質(zhì)多 細(xì)胞：7種細(xì)胞基質(zhì):纖維：3種基質(zhì)：蛋白多糖；纖維粘連蛋白組織液Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong1. Cells固有細(xì)胞: 成纖維細(xì)胞(fibroblast)脂肪細(xì)胞(fat cell)未分化的間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞(undifferentiated mesenchymal cell)游走細(xì)胞: 巨噬細(xì)胞(macrophage)漿細(xì)胞(plasma cell)肥大細(xì)胞(mast cell)白細(xì)胞(leukocyte)Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongA. 成纖維細(xì)胞Fibrob

4、last Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongA. 成纖維細(xì)胞FibroblastBinzhou Medical College：Wang Dong纖維細(xì)胞FibrocyteBinzhou Medical College：Wang Dong纖維細(xì)胞FibrocyteBinzhou Medical College：Wang DongB. 巨噬細(xì)胞Macrophage Derived from monocyteStructure: An ovoid or spheroid cell may change its shapeextend pseudopodia to m

5、ove and ingest materials. Nucleus is small and condensed Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongB. 巨噬細(xì)胞MacrophageBinzhou Medical College：Wang DongB. 巨噬細(xì)胞Macrophage功能吞噬作用抗原提呈分泌功能MHC-II+抗原肽提呈抗原給T細(xì)胞溶菌酶補(bǔ)體細(xì)胞因子（白細(xì)胞介素）特異性吞噬 -有識(shí)別因子（抗體）非特異性吞噬 - 無(wú)識(shí)別因子Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongC. 漿細(xì)胞Plasma cell Structure:LM:

6、Ovoid with an eccentrically placed nucleus having its denser chromatin granules clumped regularly around the nuclear membraneBinzhou Medical College：Wang DongC. 漿細(xì)胞Plasma cellEM:Cytoplasm is deeply basophilic from the rich RER and free ribosome except for a pale central region where the Golgi comple

7、x liesFunction:Synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin (Ig) Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongD. 肥大細(xì)胞Mast cell Structure: Spheroid with a small central nucleusIts cytoplasm packed with basophilic granulesGranules give a metachromatic staining reaction with toluidine blue甲苯胺藍(lán)Binzhou Medical College：Wang

8、 DongD. 肥大細(xì)胞Mast cell嗜堿性顆粒：肝素Heparin組胺（Histamine）嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞趨化因子（Acidophilic chemotactic factor） 胞質(zhì)內(nèi)白三烯（Leukotriene）Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongD. Mast cellsallergenIgEPlasma cellMast cellRecepter Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongD. Mast cellsFunction: 過(guò)敏原漿細(xì)胞IgE致敏肥大細(xì)胞脫顆粒再次白三烯組 胺肝素抗凝血嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞趨化因子抗過(guò)敏反應(yīng)皮

9、膚血管擴(kuò)張，通透性增加蕁麻疹可使支氣管平滑肌痙攣哮喘使全身小動(dòng)脈擴(kuò)張致血壓下降休克過(guò)敏反應(yīng)Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongD. Mast cellsBinzhou Medical College：Wang DongD. Mast cellsBinzhou Medical College：Wang DongE. 脂肪細(xì)胞Fat cellStructure: Function: Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongF. 未分化的間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞分布:結(jié)構(gòu): Similar to fibrocytesSmaller 功能: 多向分化的潛能參與

10、CT和小血管的修復(fù)Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongG. 白細(xì)胞Leukocytes 來(lái)自血液，各種白細(xì)胞Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are frequently found in connective tissue. In general, they migrate across the capillary and venule walls from the blood. There is a continuous movement of leukocytes from blood to connective tissu

11、e, and this process increases greatly during inflammation. Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong3. 纖維Fibers: 膠原纖維Collagenous fiber 彈性纖維Elastic fiber 網(wǎng)狀纖維Reticular fibers Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong1)膠原纖維（Collagenous fiber ）白纖維（White fiber） LM: 1-20 m波浪狀，分支并交織成網(wǎng)嗜酸性AcidophiliaBinzhou Medical College

12、：Wang Dong1)膠原纖維（Collagenous fiber ）EM: 膠原原纖維Fibril: Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong1)膠原纖維（Collagenous fiber ）形成:物理特性:Ductility 韌性，抗拉力強(qiáng)成纖維細(xì)胞型和型膠原蛋白膠原原纖維分泌聚合粘合質(zhì)膠原纖維Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong2).彈性纖維（Elastic fiber） 黃纖維（Yellow fiber） LM: Thinner and less, 0.2-1.0 m Slight red(HE), or brown(orce

13、in) Branch and form a network Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong2). Elastic fiber（彈性纖維）EM: 核心: 彈性蛋白（elastin）周圍: 微原纖維microfibril ：原纖維蛋白fibrillin 物理特性Elasticity Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong3).網(wǎng)狀纖維（Reticular fibers） LM: 嗜銀性（Argyrophilia）, PAS (+) EM: type collagen 分布: 基膜 basal memebraneBinzhou Medi

14、cal College：Wang DongBinzhou Medical College：Wang Dong4. 基質(zhì)Ground substance由生物大分子(蛋白多糖和纖維粘連蛋白)構(gòu)成的無(wú)定形膠狀物，有粘性，孔隙內(nèi)有組織液in tissue spaces, under basal lamina, on and between CT fibers組成:Proteoglycan 蛋白多糖 Fibronectin 纖維粘連蛋白Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong4.基質(zhì)Ground substance蛋白多糖（Proteoglycan）:糖胺多糖 Glycosa

15、minoglycan透明質(zhì)酸硫酸角質(zhì)素硫酸軟骨素硫酸皮膚素硫酸肝素蛋白: 核心蛋白 結(jié)合蛋白分子篩蛋白多糖聚合體Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong4.基質(zhì)Ground substance纖維粘連蛋白Fibronectin (FN) 功能:identification adherence migration proliferation Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong5.組織液（Tissue fluid）脫水（Dehydration)水腫（Oedema） Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong二.致密結(jié)

16、締組織Dense connective tissue特點(diǎn)：纖維粗大，排列致密功能：支持和連接為主Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong二.致密結(jié)締組織Dense connective tissue分類:分 布纖維性質(zhì)排列方式規(guī) 則肌腱、腱膜膠原纖維平行排列成束不規(guī)則真皮,硬腦膜,鞏膜, 被膜膠原纖維縱橫交織成致密的板層結(jié)構(gòu)彈性組織項(xiàng)韌帶,黃韌帶，大動(dòng)脈的中膜彈性纖維平行排列成束或編織成膜狀Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongDense regular connective tisse Binzhou Medical College：Wa

17、ng DongDense irregular connective tissue Binzhou Medical College：Wang DongElastic tissue Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong三.脂肪組織（ADIPOSE TISSUE） 黃色脂肪組織 Yellow adipose tissue ：?jiǎn)闻葜炯?xì)胞棕色脂肪組織 Brown adipose tissue ：多泡脂肪細(xì)胞Binzhou Medical College：Wang Dong四.網(wǎng)狀組織（Reticular tissue） 分布: 造血組織 淋巴組織 組成:網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞reticular cells