2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)32

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華南師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題On many issues John and Mary found themselves seriously（ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.at oddsB.at randomC.at intervalsD.at haphazard【答案】A【解析】考查詞組。A: at odds “爭(zhēng)執(zhí)；不一致” ；B: at random “隨機(jī)地”；C: at intervals “不時(shí)”；D: at haphazard “偶然地”。句意：約翰和

2、瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己在許多問(wèn)題上不一致。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。2.單選題Her generosity is one of her most pleasing（ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.characteristicsB.attributesC.traitsD.peculiarity【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: characteristics “特性，特征” ；B: attributes “屬性；特性”；C: traits “人的個(gè)性， 顯著的特點(diǎn)”；D: peculiarity “特性；特質(zhì)”。句意：為人慷慨是她最討人歡喜的個(gè)性。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，C為正確答案。3.單選題By adapting

3、to your mental condition, you can（ ）more in less time.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.complementB.implementC.complimentD.accomplish【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A: complement “補(bǔ)足”；B: implement “實(shí)施”；C: ;compliment “恭維”；D: accomplish “完成”。句意：通過(guò)調(diào)整你的心理狀態(tài)，你能在更短的時(shí)間里完成更多任務(wù)。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。4.單選題Though he is a competent engineer, it does no（ ）that

4、 he will make a successful factory director.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.concludeB.followC.deduceD.doom【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: conclude “結(jié)束；終止” ；B: follow “跟隨，接著”；C: deduce “推論，推斷”；D: doom “命運(yùn)；厄運(yùn)”。句意：雖然他是一名稱職的工程師，但是，并不能推斷他將成為一名成功的廠長(zhǎng)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，故選C選項(xiàng)。5.單選題The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually（ ）it in a pr

5、ofitable direction.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.adaptB.controlC.installD.steer【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng) adapt “使適合，使適應(yīng)，改編”；B選項(xiàng) control “控制，支配，操縱”；C選項(xiàng) install “安裝，安置，使就職”；D選項(xiàng) steer “駕駛，掌舵，指引的路線”。句意：該系統(tǒng)被重新設(shè)計(jì)，目的是使其與網(wǎng)絡(luò)兼容，并最終使網(wǎng)絡(luò)朝獲利方向發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。6.單選題As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr. Brown is certainly on the（

6、）brilliant career.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.porchB.thresholdC.edgeD.course【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: porch “陽(yáng)臺(tái)” ；B: threshold “開(kāi)端；門檻”；C: edge “邊緣”；D: course “課程；航線”。句意：作為學(xué)院最年輕的教授之一，布朗先生必然是正處于輝煌事業(yè)的起點(diǎn)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，故B為正確答案。7.翻譯題Translate the following passage into Chinese.The reward of foresight for this nation is great and easily for

7、etolD.But there must be the look ahead, there must be a realization of the fact that to waste, to destroy, our natural resources, to skin and exhaust the land instead of using it so as to increase its usefulness, will result in undermining in the days of our children the very prosperity which we oug

8、ht by right to hand down to them amplified and developed.Optimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess it becomes foolishness. We are prone to speak of the resources of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so. The mineral wealth of the country, the coal, iron, oil, gas, and th

9、e like, does not reproduce itself and therefore is certain to be exhausted ultimately; and wastefulness in dealing with it today means that our descendants will feel the exhaustion a generation or two before they otherwise would.【答案】對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的回報(bào)是巨大的而且很容易預(yù)測(cè)。但是，我們必須向前看，而且必須認(rèn)識(shí)到一個(gè)事實(shí)：如果浪費(fèi)、破壞我們的自然資源，挖掘和消

10、耗我們的土地，而不是增加土地的利用率，那么，這將破壞我們理應(yīng)傳給后代的成熟且發(fā)展的繁榮。樂(lè)觀主義是一個(gè)好的性格特征，但是如果過(guò)于樂(lè)觀就是愚蠢。我們喜歡說(shuō)我國(guó)的資源取之不盡、用之不竭，但是情況并非如此。國(guó)家的礦藏如煤、鐵、石油、天然氣等都不能再生，因此終將枯竭。現(xiàn)在浪費(fèi)將意味著我們的后代比正常情況提前一或二代就感到資源的枯竭。8.單選題I cannot give you（ ）for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.an expenseB.a chargeC.a purc

11、haseD.an order【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A: an expense “花費(fèi)”；B: a charge “收費(fèi)”；C: a purchase “購(gòu)買”；D: an order “訂單、訂購(gòu)”。句意：我不能定購(gòu)你們出售的這種車，因?yàn)闆](méi)有市場(chǎng)需求。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，談及到?jīng)]有市場(chǎng)需求，因此D為正確答案。9.單選題This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support ones parents. Called the Maintenance o

12、f Parents Bill, it received the backing of the Singapore Government.That does not mean it hasnt generated discussion. Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others belie

13、ve it will subvert relations within the family: cynics dubbed it the Sue Your Son” law.Those who say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility, of course, are right. It has nothing to do with filial responsibility, it kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate fi

14、lial responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality proves insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore it up.Like many other developed nations, Singapore faces the problems

15、of an increasing proportion of people over 60 years of age. Demography is inexorable. In 1980, 7.2% of the population was in this bracket. By the turn of the century, that figure will grow to 11%. By 2030, the proportion is projected to be 2%. The problem is not old age. It is that the ratio of econ

16、omically active people to economically inactive people will decline.But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old people who have insufficient means to make ends meet. Some people will fall through the holes in any safety net.Traditionally, a per

17、sons insurance against poverty in his old age was his family. This is not revolutionary concept. Nor is it uniquely Asian Care and support for ones parents is a universal value shared by all civilized societies.The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after ones parents is unenf

18、orceable. A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children, a husband can be forced to support his wife. But, until now, a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parent.In 1989, an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the ageD.Its report stated wit

19、h a tinge of complacency that 95% of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions from relations. But what about the 5% who arent getting relatives support? They have several options:(a)get a job and work until they die;(b) apply for public assistance(you have to be dest

20、itute to apply ); or(c) starve quietly. None of these options is socially acceptable and what if this 5% figure grows, as it is likely to do, as society ages?The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakd

21、owns encountered in other affluent societies. This legislation will allow a person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children. The court would have the discretion to refuse to make an order if it is unjust.Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family l

22、awsuits miss the point. Only in extreme cases would any parent take his child to court. If it does indeed become law, the bills effect would be far more subtle.First, it will reaffirm the notion that it is each individuals- not societysresponsibility look after his parents. Singapore is still conser

23、vative enough that most people will not object to this ideA.It rein forces the traditional values and it doesnt hurt a society now and then to remind itself of its core values.Second, and more important it will make those who are inclined to shirk their responsibilities think twice. Until now, if a

24、person asked family elders, clergymen or the ministry of community Development to help get financial support from his children, the most they could do was to mediate. But mediators have no teeth, and a child could simply ignore their pleas.But to be sued by ones parents would be a massive loss of fa

25、ce. It would be a public disgrace Few people would be so thick-skinned as to say: Sue and be damneD.The hand of the conciliator would be immeasurably strengtheneD.It is far more likely that some sort of amicable settlement would be reached if the recalcitrant son or daughter knows that the alternati

26、ve is a public trial.It would be nice to think that Singapore doesnt need this kind of law. But that belief ignores the clear demographic trends and the effect of affluence itself on traditional bonds. Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incen

27、tive not to have it invoked in the first place.1.The maintenance of Parents Bill（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?3.The author seems to suggest that traditional values（ ）.4.The author thinks that if the bill becomes law its effect would be（ ）.5.At the end of the passage, the author

28、seems to imply that success of the Bill depends upon（ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.received all peoples support in the Singapore ParliamentB.was believed to solve all the problems of the elderly poorC.was intended to substitute for traditional values in SingaporeD.was passed to make the young more responsible to the ol

29、d問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Filial responsibility in Singapore is enforced by lawB.Fathers have legal obligations to maintain their childrenC.It is an acceptable practice for the old to continue workingD.The Advisory Council was set up in 1990問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.play an insignificant role in solving social problemB.are helpful to t

30、he elderly when they sue their childrenC.are very important in preserving Asian uniquenessD.are significant in helping the Bill get approved問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.indirectB.unnoticedC.apparentD.unclear問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.strict enforcementB.public supportC.government assuranceD.filial awareness【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1

31、.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第一句“This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support ones parents.”，中文翻譯：“本月，新加坡通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)法案，賦予 贍養(yǎng)父母的道義義務(wù)以法律效力。”因此，綜合考慮，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過(guò)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文“A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children.”，中文翻譯：“法律可以強(qiáng)迫一個(gè)父親撫養(yǎng)他的孩子。”因此最

32、佳答案為B選項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies.”，中文翻譯：“贍養(yǎng)父母法案是為了鼓勵(lì)傳統(tǒng)美德，這些美 德至今使亞洲國(guó)家遠(yuǎn)離其他富裕社會(huì)遭遇到的衰敗?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“If i

33、t does indeed become law, the bills effect would be far more subtle.”中文翻譯為：如果它真的成為法律，法案的效果將會(huì)更加微妙?！?以及后文作者寫道贍養(yǎng)父母是個(gè)人的責(zé)任，并非社會(huì)的責(zé)任，但是有些人礙于情面，不得不重新考慮贍養(yǎng)父母的問(wèn)題，可知，A項(xiàng)符合題目描述。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文最后一句“Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have

34、 it invoked in the first place.”，中文翻譯為：“我們這些推動(dòng)該法案的人將認(rèn)為，如果它能作為一種激勵(lì)，使其在一開(kāi)始就不被動(dòng)用，那么自己是最成功的?！币虼司C合可知，D選項(xiàng)是其主要原因。10.單選題The word “addiction” is often used loosely and wryly in conversation. People will refer to themselves as “mystery book addicts” or “cookie addicts.” E.B. White writes of his annual surge o

35、f interest in gardening: “We are hooked and are making an attempt to kick the habit.” Yet nobody really believes that reading mysteries or ordering seeds by catalogue is serious enough to be compared with addictions to heroin or alcohol. The word “addiction” is here used jokingly to denote a tendenc

36、y to overindulge in some pleasurable activity.People often refer to being “hooked on TV.” Does this, too, fall into the lighthearted category of cookie eating and other pleasures that people pursue with usual intensity, or is there a kind of television viewing that falls into the more serious catego

37、ry of destructive addiction?When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug taking. And yet the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a “high” that normal life does no

38、t supply. It is only the inability to function without the addictive substance that is dismaying the dependence of the organism upon the certain experience and increasing inability to function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three drinks at the end of the day not merely for the p

39、leasure drinking provides, but also because he “doesnt feel normal without them.An addict does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it l

40、ess than complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, for under the spell of the addictive experience his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily stated, but soon it begins to c

41、rave again.Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addict, for instance, leads a damaged life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from

42、developing in human ways. Similarly an alcoholics life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.Let us consider television viewing in the light of the conditions that define serious addictions.1.The essence of any serious addiction is（ ）.2.According to the passage, an addicts life is

43、 peculiarly distorted because（ ）.3.Serious addiction is different from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by the fact that（ ）.4.Which kind of addiction is not mentioned in the passage?5.According to the author, the focus is usually put on（ ）.6.In the following paragraphs, the author will continue to dis

44、cuss（ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.the inability to function without the addictive substanceB.a search for a high that normal life does not supplyC.the dependence of the organism upon a certain experienceD.the dismay of not being able to function normally問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.he merely pursue a pleasurable experienceB.he need to expe

45、rience it to function normallyC.he cant find pleasure in other potential pleasurable experiencesD.he begins to crave again問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.it has extremely serious consequences.B.it helps a person to behave normally.C.it can make a person satisfied.D.it does not make life complete.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Heroin addictionB.Alc

46、ohol addictionC.Sports maniaD.TV Addiction問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.the pleasure of drinking and drug-taking.B.the negative aspects of doing such thingsC.an addicts distorted lifeD.the serious pursuit of pleasure問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.Addiction in generalB.Seriousness of drug abusingC.TV addictionD.The pleasure of watching TV【答案】第1題:

47、B第2題:D第3題:A第4題:C第5題:B第6題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章中 “And yet the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a high that normal life does not supply.”，中文翻譯為：然而任何嚴(yán)重的上癮的精髓都是一種對(duì)快樂(lè)的追求，一種平常生活中無(wú)法提供的對(duì)“過(guò)頭”的探求。因此B選項(xiàng)：尋求一種正常生活不能提供的“過(guò)頭”，為正確答案。2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章中 “An addict does not mer

48、ely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it less than complete. Other potentially pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, for under the spe

49、ll of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily stated, but soon it begins to crave again.”，中文翻譯為：上癮者不僅僅是追求愉快的體驗(yàn)，而且需要體驗(yàn)它才能正常工作。他需要一遍又一遍地重復(fù)。這種特殊的經(jīng)歷會(huì)讓沒(méi)有它的生活變得不完整。其他潛在的愉快的經(jīng)歷不再可能，因?yàn)樵谏习a

50、的經(jīng)歷的魔力下，他的生活特別扭曲了。癮君子渴望一種體驗(yàn)，但他從未真正得到滿足。這種有機(jī)體可能暫時(shí)存在，但很快又開(kāi)始渴望?？梢缘弥狣選項(xiàng)“他開(kāi)始再次渴望”符合題意。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章中倒數(shù)第二段“Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements.”，中文翻譯為：最后，嚴(yán)重的成癮與無(wú)害的快樂(lè)追求的區(qū)別在于其明顯的破壞性因素。因此A項(xiàng)“它會(huì)帶來(lái)極其嚴(yán)重的后果”符合題意。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)A,

51、B項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第一段“.by catalogue is serious enough to be compared with addictions to heroin or alcohol.”，中文翻譯為：對(duì)毒品的上癮程度嚴(yán)重到可以與對(duì)海洛因或酒精的上癮相提并論。根據(jù)D項(xiàng)可以定位到文章第二段“People often refer to being hooked on TV.”，中文翻譯為：人們經(jīng)常提到沉迷于電視。因此排除A，B，D三項(xiàng)，答案為C。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過(guò)題干定位到原文 “When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we

52、frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug taking.”，中文翻譯：當(dāng)我們考慮毒品或酒精上癮時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常關(guān)注其消極的方面，而忽略了飲酒或吸毒帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)。選項(xiàng)B“這種事的消極方面”符合題意。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文尾段 “Let us consider television viewing in the light of the conditions that define serious addictions.”，中文翻譯：讓我們根據(jù)定義嚴(yán)重上癮的情

53、況來(lái)考慮一下看電視這種情況吧！最佳答案為C選項(xiàng)。11.單選題A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was reported in February of 1962 in an article in Scientific American. The experiments were conducted by a psychologist, John B.Calhoun, and his associates. In each of thes

54、e experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequate supply of food, water, and other necessities. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without exp

55、eriencing stress due to overcrowding. He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their mothers. He and his associates then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulated

56、 communities. At the end of their experiments, Calhoun and his associates were able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, a kind of social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a co

57、mmunity without overcrowding.The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density: They showed deviant maternal behavior: they did not behave as mother rats normally do. In fact, many of the pups, as rat babies are called, died as a result of poor materna

58、l care. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their mothers care, the pups dieD.Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pups alone to die. However, the experiments verified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their beha

59、vior may be considered pathologically diseased.The dominant males in the rat population were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rat

60、s diD.The fact that the dominant males had adequate space in which to live may explain why they were not as seriously affected by overpopulation as the other rats. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and i