2022年考研考博-考博英語-寧夏大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號77

1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-寧夏大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題My eyes had become（ ）to the now semi-darkness, so I could pick out shapes about seventy-five yards away.問題1選項A.inclinedB.accustomedC.vulnerableD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項inclined“有傾向”；B選項accustomed“習慣的，通常的”；C選項vul

2、nerable“脆弱的，易碎的”；D選項sensitive“敏感的”。句意：我的眼睛已經(jīng)_現(xiàn)在的半明半暗，所以我能辨認出75碼外的形狀?？疾楣潭ù钆鋌e accustomed to“習慣于”，這里表示的是習慣于這種半明半暗的狀況，因此B選項符合題意。2.單選題If you want to（ ）a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your country.問題1選項A.secureB.assureC.insureD.ensure【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項secu

3、re“保護，弄到”；B選項assure“保證，擔?！?；C選insure“給保險”；D選項ensure“確保，使安全”。句意：如果你想（ ）一個愉快的訪問，就盡可能多地了解禮儀和貴國的風俗習慣。這里表達的含義是“確保有一個愉快的訪問”，因此D選項符合題意。3.單選題The teachers and parents agree that it is a hint of what might be expected from（ ）generations.問題1選項A.superbB.subsequentC.supremeD.subordinate【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項superb“

4、極好的，華麗的”；B選項subsequent“隨后的”；C選項supreme“最高的，至高的”；D選項subordinate“從屬的，隸屬的”。句意：老師和家長都認為這是對（ ）代的期望。這里表達的句意是對subsequent generations“后代的期望”，因此B選項符合題意。4.單選題The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the

5、same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illness is related to diet and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illness because of the food that is charact

6、eristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it become

7、s more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging lakes of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometim

8、es, similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the

9、 practices continue.1.How has science done a disservice to mankind?2.What are nitrates used for?3.What does FDA mean?4.The word “carcinogenic” means most nearly the same as（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences is not true?問題1選項A.Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtu

10、ally eradicated.B.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.C.As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food.D.The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.問題2選項A.They preserve flavor in packag

11、ed foods.B.They preserve the color of meats.C.They are the objects of research.D.They cause the animals to become fatter.問題3選項A.Food Direct Additives.B.Final Difficult Analysis.C.Food and Drug Administration.D.Federal Diary Additives.問題4選項A.trouble-makingB.color-retainingC.money-makingD.cancer-causi

12、ng問題5選項A.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reason.B.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.C.Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for over 35 years.D.Food may cause 40% of cancer in the world

13、.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:C第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段Although science has made enormous steps in making many food more fit to eat, it has, the same time, made many foods unfit to eat.（雖然科學已取得巨大進展，使許多食物更適合食用，但與此同時，它也使許多食物不宜食用。）也就是說很多添加劑式的食物容易導致一些疾病，因此C選項“由于科學的干預，一些潛在的有害物質(zhì)被添加到我們的食物中?！闭_。A選項“由于科學的發(fā)展，由

14、受污染的食物引起的疾病實際上已經(jīng)被根除了?！焙皖}干提問并不符合；B選項“它導致了關于食物價值的信息的缺乏?！边@個不是原文的觀點；D選項“科學家們保存了肉的顏色，卻沒有保存蔬菜的顏色?！迸c題干不符。2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段In 1945, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats（1945年，政府部門的研究人員認識到，用于肉類顏色保鮮的硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽和其他食品添加劑能致癌）因此B選項“它們能保持肉的顏色”正確。A選項“它們

15、能保存包裝食品的風味。”不是保存風味；C選項“它們是研究的對象”，與原文不符；D選項“它們使動物變得更胖”與原文不符。3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到最后一句話Though the Food and Drug Administration (FAD) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.（盡管食品和藥物管理局（FAD）多次試圖控制這些程序，但這種做法仍在繼續(xù)。）因此C選項“食品和藥物管理局”正確。A選項“食物直接添加劑”；B選項“最終困難分析”；D選項“聯(lián)邦乳品添加劑”都不正確。4

16、.語義推測題。根據(jù)關鍵詞定位到commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food（用于肉類顏色保鮮的硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽和其他食品添加劑能致癌。然而，這些致癌添加劑仍然存在于我們的食品中。）因此可以得出這些物質(zhì)都是致癌的，因此D選項“致癌的”正確。A選項“制造麻煩的”；B選項“護色的”；C選項“賺錢的”都不正確。5.事實細節(jié)題。A選項“由于醫(yī)學原因，藥物總是給動物服用”在原文的最后一

17、段Sometimes, similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes but for financial reasons.（有時讓動物服用這類藥物并不是為了治病，而是為了經(jīng)濟上的原因。）因此A選項不正確。B選項“我們食物中的一些添加劑是添加到食物本身，還有一些是給活的動物吃的?！痹谧詈笠欢蜦armers often give penicillin to beef and poultry（農(nóng)民經(jīng)常給牛肉和家禽注射青霉素）；C選項“研究人員已經(jīng)知道食品添加劑的潛在危害超過35年了。”在最后一段In 1945

18、, government researches realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives caused cancer. （1945年，政府部門的研究人員認識到，用于肉類保鮮的硝酸鹽、亞硝酸鹽和其他食品添加劑能致癌。）；D選項“食物可能會導致世界上40%的癌癥”定位到第一段Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of all human illness is related to diet

19、and 40% of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon.（一些研究表明，大約80%的人類疾病與飲食有關，40%的癌癥也與飲食有關，尤其是結腸癌。）5.單選題In（ ）times human be beings didnt travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.問題1選項A.primeB.primitiveC.primaryD.preliminary【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項prime“最好的”；B選項

20、primitive“原始的，遠古的”；C選項primary“最初的”；D選項preliminary“初步的，開始的”。句意：在（ ）時代，人類旅行不是為了消遣，而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。這句話表達的含義是“在原始時代”，因此B選項符合題意。6.單選題I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will（ ）everyones expectations.問題1選項A.boil down toB.look forward toC.live up toD.catch on

21、to【答案】C【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項boil down to“歸結為”；B選項look forward to“期待”；C選項live up to“不辜負，做到”；D選項catch on to“理解，突然了解”。句意：我非常感謝公司給我這樣一個機會，并衷心希望我能_大家的期望?？疾榱斯潭ù钆鋖ive up to expectation“不辜負的期望”，這里表示“我能不辜負大家的期望”。因此C選項符合題意。7.單選題The man had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he（ ）himself.問題1選項A.exposedB.reveale

22、dC.betrayedD.disclosed【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項exposed“暴露，揭露”；B選項revealed“透露，顯示”；C選項betrayed“出賣，背叛”；D選項disclosed“公開”。這里考查了固定搭配betray oneself“原形畢露”，句意：這個人偽裝得很好，但一說話就（ ）了自己。這里說的是“一說話就暴露了自己”，因此C選項符合題意。8.單選題In todays working world the roles of men and women are becoming（ ）.問題1選項A.dwarfedB.incorporatedC.correl

23、atedD.blurred【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項dwarfed“矮小的”；B選項incorporated“合并的”；C選項correlated“有互相關系的”；D選項blurred“模糊的，記不清的”。句意：在當今的工作世界中，男性和女性的角色正變得越來越（ ）。按照選項和題干的意思，可以判斷出此處想要表達的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的（邊界）變得越來越模糊?！币虼薉選項符合題意。9.單選題The countrys deficit that year（ ）to a record 169.8 billion dollars.問題1選項A.soaredB.souredC.sore

24、dD.sourced【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項soared“飆升，驟然上升”；B選項soured“發(fā)酵，厭煩”；C選項sored“弄傷”；D選項sourced“發(fā)動，尋找來源”。句意：該國當年的赤字_創(chuàng)紀錄的1698億美元。這里表達的是“當年的赤字飆升至”，因此A選項符合題意。10.單選題Im pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously（ ）.問題1選項A.paid offB.taken its tollC.made a differenceD.shown up【答案】A【

25、解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項paid off“付清，見成效”；B選項taken its toll“造成損失”；C選項made a difference“有影響，有關系，起作用”；D選項shown up“露面，露出”。句意：我很高興聽到你有工作機會很明顯，你在學校的努力工作（ ）。而這里表達的意思是“在學校的努力起了作用”，因此A選項符合題意。11.單選題When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his（ ）can be distributed.問題1選項A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analog

26、ies【答案】B【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“似是而非的論點，自相矛盾的話”；B選項“遺產(chǎn)”；C選項“陳詞濫調(diào)”；D選項“類似，類推”，句意：當一個人死后，他的債務必須在（ ）分配之前弄清。這句要表示的是“要把遺產(chǎn)分配清楚”，因此B選項符合題意。12.單選題Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can cre

27、ate an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of developmen

28、t are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is somewhere valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be

29、 aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The

30、 outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the

31、outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to

32、 burnout.1.An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is（ ）.2.According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that（ ）.3.Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes（ ）.4.According to the passage parents and coaches should（ ）.5.The authors purp

33、ose in writing the passage is（ ）.問題1選項A.to reduce their mental stressB.to increase their sense of successC.to make sports less competitiveD.to make sports more challenging問題2選項A.it can help them learn more about societyB.it enables them to find flaws in themselvesC.it can provide them with valuable

34、experiencesD.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves問題3選項A.believing that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentB.without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidenceC.so as to make them remember lifes lessonsD.so as to put more pressure on them問題4選項A.pay more

35、 attention to letting children enjoy sportsB.help children to win every gameC.train children to cope with stressD.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports問題5選項A.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutB.to persuade young children not to worry about criticismC.to stress the imp

36、ortance of positive reinforcement to childrenD.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:B第4題:A第5題:C【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段的第三句話Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.（壓力可以是身體上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。

37、研究表明，壓力會導致倦怠。）可以看出stress導致burnout，那么防止burnout的有效方法應該是減少stress，因此A選項“減輕他們的精神壓力”正確。sports本身具有競爭性、挑戰(zhàn)性，不在于多或少，問題是怎樣看勝負，所以C選項“降低體育運動的競爭性”和D選項“使運動更具挑戰(zhàn)性”兩項應排除。B項“提高他們獲得成功的意識”正是作者不贊成的。2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到第二段第二句話The sport setting is somewhere valuable experiences can take place（體育活動能為年輕人提供極其有價值的一生都有用的人生經(jīng)歷。）因此C

38、選項“它可以為他們提供寶貴的經(jīng)歷”正確。A選項“它可以幫助他們更多地了解社會”定位到第二段and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives（并獲得將終生使用的其他社交技能），可以看出文章只說了可以學到社交技能，而不是更多的了解社會；B選項“它能讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點”定位到第二段Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.（年輕人可能會把父母和教練的批評放在心上

39、，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點。）但是這個并不是題干所問的“運動的積極影響”；D選項“它教會他們?nèi)绾螢樽约涸O定現(xiàn)實的目標”，這是文章中沒有提及的。3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselve

40、s.（教練和父母應該時刻意識到，他們對青少年的反饋會極大地影響他們的孩子。年輕人可能會把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點。）因此換句話說就是B選項“沒有意識到批評可能會摧毀他們的自信”正確。A選項“相信批評對他們的早期發(fā)展是有益的”；C選項“讓他們記住生活的教訓”；D選項“為了給他們更多的壓力”這三個都不是作者認為教練和家長平常所認為的。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段開頭Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for chil

41、dren.（教練和家長也應該小心，不要讓青少年參與體育運動成為孩子們的工作。）意思是體育運動不是孩子的工作或任務，重在參與，比賽結果并不重要，更重要的是通過參與增加人生閱歷。因此A選項“更加注重讓孩子們享受運動”正確。B選項“幫助孩子贏得每一場比賽”；C選項“訓練孩子學會處理壓力”以及D選項“使孩子們了解運動的積極方面”這都是文章中沒有提及的。5.主旨大意題。通過第一段Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.（壓力可以是

42、身體上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，壓力會導致倦怠。）第二段的Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves.（教練和父母應該時刻意識到，他們對青少年的反饋會極大地影響他們的孩子。年輕人可能會把父母和教練

43、的批評放在心上，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點。）以及第三段的Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.（研究表明，積極的強化比批評更能激勵學習，對學習有更大的影響。再次強調(diào)，批評會造成高度的壓力，從而導致倦怠。）可以看出來，作者寫該文目的是告訴人們批評會給孩子造成各方面負擔和壓力，

44、積極鼓勵才會對孩子的成長有益，因此C選項“強調(diào)積極鼓勵對孩子成長的重要性”正確。A選項“教導年輕運動員如何避免精疲力竭”不是文章重點；B選項“說服孩子不要擔心批評”不符合作者的想法；以及D選項“討論批評與鼓勵相結合的技巧”這也不是作者所倡導的。13.單選題My niece Alice is（ ）in her way of living and always spends more money than is reasonable.問題1選項A.luxuriousB.distinguishedC.extravagantD.sophisticated【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項luxu

45、rious“奢侈的，豐富的，放縱的”；B選項distinguished“卓越的，著名的，高貴的”；C選項extravagant“奢侈的，浪費的，過度的”，更加傾向于具體的行為舉止；D選項sophisticated“復雜的，精致的，久經(jīng)世故的”。句意；我的侄女愛麗絲生活（ ），總是亂花錢。而這里描述的是Alice的生活方式很奢侈，因此A選項符合題意。14.翻譯題努力工作和醉心于工作之間有很大的區(qū)別。努力工作是指工作有條有理、精力集中，完成許多工作，知道何時歇手，知道除了工作還有生活。而工作狂們常常是缺乏條理，總是尋找理由想做得更多些，沒有工作可做時就感到不知所措，想通過工作來逃避問題。他們不知道

46、怎樣或何時放松一下，經(jīng)常把辦公室里的活兒帶回家里去做，不善于和同事及家人交流溝通?！敬鸢浮縏heres a big distinction between working hard and being a workaholic. Working hard involves being organized, focused, getting a lot of work done, knowing when to stop, and having a life other than work. Workaholics, on the other hand, are often disorganiz

47、ed, always find reasons for working more, feel lost without work to do, hide from problems through work, dont know how or when to relax, bring work home from the office, cant communicate well with fellow workers and family members.15.單選題They were in a dreadful（ ）when their money, tickets and passpor

48、ts were stolen while they were on holiday.問題1選項A.conspiracyB.plightC.serenityD.custody【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項conspiracy“陰謀，共謀，陰謀集團”；B選項plight“困境，境況，誓約”；C選項serenity“平靜，寧靜”；D選項custody“保管，監(jiān)護”。句意：他們度假時錢、機票和護照被盜，陷入了可怕的_。根據(jù)邏輯可知，在度假時丟失了財務，肯定是陷入了困境，因此B選項符合題意。16.單選題The gang derived their nickname from their dark

49、 clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.問題1選項A.illegalB.night-timeC.brutalD.abusive【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項“非法的，違法的”；B選項“夜間，夜晚”；C選項“殘忍的，野蠻的”；D選項“辱罵的，濫用的”；題干nocturnal“夜的，夜間的”，句意：這伙人的綽號來源于他們夜間在森林里襲擊時穿的深色衣服和涂黑的臉。因此B選項最符合題意。17.單選題Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reput

50、ations, and turning clam situation into（ ）ones.問題1選項A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項turbulent“動蕩的，湍流的”；B選項tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的，不幸的”；C選項vulnerable“易碎的，脆弱的”；D選項suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。句意：謠言無處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽，使平靜的局面變得_。根據(jù)句子邏輯，這里表達的是“使平靜的局面變得動蕩”，因此A選項符合題意。18.翻譯題二十四小時的全天候時間表在改變著我們的生活方式。2

51、1世紀的辦公地點無處不在。我們外出度假時會隨身攜帶無線手機或手提電腦。有些人甚至把手機帶入音樂廳或會議廳，因為在他們看來，錯過一個重要的商業(yè)信息是不可彌補的過失。二十四小時的超高速的“因特網(wǎng)時間”使我們無法靜心休息和思考。越來越多的企業(yè)行政主管開始把自己有時間睡覺作為吹牛的資本。對他們來說，地位的最大標志在于無能力按照自然的生物鐘而非網(wǎng)絡鐘來工作和休息?！敬鸢浮縍ound-the-clock timetable is changing our way of life. The 21st century office never leaves us. We bring our wireless

52、cell phones and notebook computers when vacationing. There are people who bring their cell phones into concert halls and auditoriums. The round-the-clock hyperspeed “Internet time” wont give us quiet time for resting and thinking. An increasing number of business executives have taken to bragging ab

53、out how much sleep they get. For them, the ultimate status symbol is the power to live by natures clock rather than the Nets clock.19.單選題The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one, as every experienced police officer knows to his cost. As the Lancet put it recently: “When we

54、try to describe faces precisely words fail us, and we resort to identikit (拼臉型圖) procedures.”Yet, according to one authority on the subject, we can each probably recognize more than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in fine details. This, when one comes to think of it, is a tremendous feat,

55、though, curiously enough, relatively little attention has been devoted to the fundamental problems of how and why we acquire this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. Is it an inborn property of our brains, or an acquired one? As so often happens, the experts tend to differ.Thus, some argue t

56、hat it is inborn, and that there are “special characteristics about the brains ability to distinguish faces”. In support of this these they note how much better we are at recognizing a face after a single encounter than we are, for example, in recognizing an individual horse. On the other hand, ther

57、e are those, and they are probably in the majority, who claim that the gift is an acquired one.The arguments in favor of this latter view, it must be confessed, are impressive. It is a habit that is acquired soon after birth. Watch, for instance, how a quite young baby recognizes his member by sight

58、. Granted that his other senses help-the sound other voice, his sense of smell, the distinctive way she handles him.But of all these, sight is predominant. Formed at the very beginning of life, the ability to recognize faces quickly becomes an established habit, and one that is, essential for daily

59、living, if not necessarily for survival. How essential and valuable it is we probably do not appreciate until we encounter people who have been deprived of the faculty.This unfortunate inability to recognize familiar faces is known to all, but such people can often recognize individuals by their voi

60、ces, their walking manners or their spectacles. With typical human ingenuity many of these unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other characteristic features.1.It is stated in the passage that（ ）.2.What the author feels strange about is that（ ）.3.What is the first suggested expl