語法填空考點分析和解題技巧

1、語法填空考點分析和解題技巧語法填空考點分析和解題技巧語法填空考點分析和解題技巧語法填空考點分析和解題技巧編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址： 電話：傳真: 郵編: 英語語法填空題考點分析與解題技巧一、語法填空題命題原則及考點分析（一）命題原則：1.試題材料形式：短文體和對話體2.材料長度：約200詞，設10個空，句首不設空。3.短文難度：沒有超出課標的生詞，但有課標單詞的派生詞，考查考生在特定語境中語法的分析和運用能力。4.分值15分,每小題分5.空格設置：純空格和給提示詞純空格式主要考查：介詞、連詞、代詞、冠詞、從句引導詞、情態(tài)動詞，強調助動詞等。給提示詞的主要考查：謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、主謂

2、一致、非謂語動詞；名詞、形容詞、副詞以及形容詞或副詞的比較級或最高級，此類轉換等。（二）考點分析：以各種詞形變化為重點，如名詞復數(shù)、動詞第三人稱單數(shù)、動詞的過去式、過去分詞、動名詞、分詞等。詞法名詞：名詞復數(shù)的構成、不可數(shù)名詞、名詞所有格2）代詞：人稱代詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞、it的用法3）數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞之間的轉化4）介詞：常用介詞和介詞短語5）形容詞和副詞：比較級和最高級的構成及基本用法、同級比較6）冠詞：定冠詞和不定冠詞7）連詞：并列連詞和從屬連詞8）動詞動詞的時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、

3、過去完成進行時、一般將來時、過去將來時、將來進行時動詞的語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時、帶情態(tài)動詞等的被動態(tài)）非謂語動詞：動詞ing形式、動詞不定式、動詞過去分詞 = 4 * GB3 * MERGEFORMAT 情態(tài)動詞和助動詞2、句法1）句子種類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句2）簡單句、并列句、復合句（狀語從句、定語從句、名詞性從句）二、語法填空題解題思路和做題技巧。通過對命題思路和考點的分析?？忌鷮Υ祟}要“考什么”和“怎么考”有了明確的認識。接下來要弄清楚的是“如何做題”和確?？荚嚨梅值膯栴}了。下面

4、就談一談這方面的事。（一）解題思路。做語法填空題時，可以用一種由大及小的思路去（其根據是此題的特點-語境與語法相結合）思考答案。也就是說，可以從“篇章，句子，詞匯”三個層面去思考。1.通讀全文，了解大意，弄清文脈。考生不要讀一句就填一個答案，首先要把括號有提示的空格視為已知條件，通讀全文，了解文段內容及要點。2.結合語境，試填空格，先易后難。基本了解文章大意后，就可以動手填空了。分析句子結構與空格、邊讀邊填，遇到一時想出來的答案，不要用太多時間停留在此題上，先跳過去，做后面的題，待填完其他空格后，再回過頭來細細推敲此空的語義，填入最佳單詞。具體體現(xiàn)為八條思路：思路1：根據語法知識填空。根據已學

5、語法，分析空格及句意，填入正確答案。【例1】He must be _ (mental) disabled.【解析】disabled是形容詞，修飾它的詞應是副詞，作狀語，故填mentally.思路2：根據邏輯關系填空。通讀全文，把握作者的思路，聯(lián)系上下文語義，分析歸納，填入符合詞義、句意和上下文情景的正確答案?！纠?】On Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment _ (late) in the day.【解析】根據上下文內容可知，作者

6、“先去音樂節(jié)，隨后早些離開因為要去赴約”，late要用其比較級later，表示赴約在后。思路3：根據語篇的標志填空。語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語篇間往往有標明內在關系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標志詞”。如表示結構層次的有first，second，third，finally等；表示轉折關系或變換話題的有 however，but,by the way等；“語篇標志詞”對迅速理清文章脈絡，弄清上下文關系很有幫助。【例3】Because when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is _（los

7、e） , it it will never return. Therefore we should make _use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in the future.【解析】由表示轉折的However 可知，第一個空格是表示時間的“失去”，應填gone/lost;由表示結果的Therefore可知，應充分利用時間，第二個空格應用full或good 來修飾名詞use.思路4：根據固定詞組填空。熟練掌握一些常見的詞組，如：as a matter of fact, make up ones mind, take

8、part in, depend on/upon, keep in touch with, earn ones living,等，對解題有很大幫助?！纠?】It is easy for him to make up _ mind and also easy to change it.【解析】表示“下決心”是固定詞組make up ones mind, 因此答案是his.思路5：根據句型搭配，如so/suchthat;It is(for sb) to do sth; There is no doubt that; There is no sense in doing sth等來解題?！纠?】_ i

9、s known to all that the time we can use is limited.【解析】是It isthat主語從句的句型，作形式主語要用it,故填 it.【例6】He feels it his duty _ (help) others.【解析】句中it 是形式賓語。要用to help (others)作真正賓語，故填to help.思路6：根據詞匯知識填空。指根據某些詞語在用法上的特殊搭配來解題。如下列各類動詞必須牢記：只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞； 只能接to do 作賓語的動詞; 接to do 作賓語補足語的動詞；接to do 作賓語補足語的動詞；接 done

10、 作賓語補足語的動詞；對句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語等。【例7】The temple in bad condition needs _ (repair).【解析】need實義動詞是“需要”的意思，其后如果表示主動，用to do,如果表示被動，就用v-ing 或 to be done,故答案為repairing 或to be repaired.思路7：根據生活常識填空。【8】Do not put off what can be done today _ tomorrow.【解析】結合生活常識，不難理解句意為“不把今天能做的事情推遲到明天去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的till/untill.思路8

11、：根據文化背景填空?！纠?0】After the flood Mr Deng was as poor as a church _.【解析】這句話的意思是“水災后鄧先生一貧如洗了”。as poor as a church mouse 是諺語“一貧如洗”的意思。因此此處填mouse.3.驗證復查，清除難點。將所有答案填入空格，并把整篇文章從頭至尾讀一遍，對所填寫的內容進行檢查修正，以最后確定答案。（二）解題技巧。所謂解題技巧指的是：遵循一般規(guī)律，分析具體情況，結合語境做出正確判斷。1.純空格題的解題技巧。首先，分析句子結構，確定填哪類詞；然后，根據句子意思確定填什么詞或根據兩句間的邏輯關系，確定用

12、什么樣的關聯(lián)詞。具體有以下七種技巧：技巧1：缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞或名詞（代詞考的更多）?！纠?】I can send a message to Tina whenever I want to, and _ gets there in almost a second.【解析】and 連接前后兩個句子，and 后面的句子缺主語，應填名詞或代詞；結合前一個分句，不難推知，空格處應填it, 代替前句的message.技巧2：名詞前若沒有限定詞（冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，不定代詞等），很可能要填限定詞。【例2】the head of the village was tying his horse t

13、o my car to pull it to_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.【解析】因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town 前還沒有限定詞，應填限定詞，根據句意，不定冠詞a,表示“一個”。技巧3：若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能填連詞?！纠?】these paintings by two world-famous artists, Picasso(畢加索) _Da Vinci(達芬奇) , which are worth millions of dollars.【解析】空格之后兩個名詞之間沒有連詞，再根據句意，

14、這里需要并列連詞and.技巧4：若兩句之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞。【例4】 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _ I was to return to Guangzhou.【解析】空格前后是兩個句子，它們之間要填連詞，根據兩句之間的邏輯關系，可知“參觀”在“回廣州”之前，故填before.技巧5:若結構較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文的時態(tài)不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調或倒裝的助動詞（do,does,did等）?！纠?】What is accept

15、able(可接受的) in one country _ be considered extremely rude in another.【解析】符合技巧6的情況，再根據句意及語氣，填may(表示“可能”)。技巧6：由特殊的句式結構來判斷空格應填的詞。這些特殊句式有：強調句式、倒裝句、it用作形式主語或形式賓語、so/suchthat句型和morethan等。【例6】_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat peanut！【例7】Only in this way _ we solve the p

16、roblem.【例8】_ is impossible for us to finish the task in such a short time.【例9】The math problem is so difficult _ almost no one can work it out.【解析】例6是強調句式，應填it; 例7是倒裝句，根據句意應填can; 例8考查形式主語，應填it; 例9是sothat句型，應填that.2.給出動詞填空的解題技巧。首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按照以下兩點進行思考：技巧7：若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并

17、列關系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)?！纠?0】He _ (pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.【解析】 此句沒有謂語動詞，pretend 應是謂語動詞，它與主語He是主動關系；再根據從句中謂語動詞was可知，要用一般過去時，故填pretended.【例11】Three people _ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.【解析】因主語three people 與 take 是被動關系，故用被動

18、語態(tài)；由were treated可知，要用一般過去時，故填were taken.技巧8：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用 doing形式，done形式，還是 to do 形式。非謂語的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語之間 的關系?！纠?2】_ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed.【解析】此句已有謂語wont make,所以speak要用非謂語動詞；謂語之前應為主語，故填Speaking.【例13】_ (complete) the project as planned

19、, well have to work two more hours a day.【解析】 因句中已有謂語 will have to work,所以complete 是非謂語動詞；根據句意，非謂語動詞在這里作目的狀語，用動詞不定式 to complete.【例14】I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man _(sit) at the front.【解析】此句的謂語動詞是三個并列的動詞got on,found和noticed,表示接連發(fā)生的動作，所以sit要用非謂語動詞；通過分析可知sit應是

20、賓語補足語，它與賓語a man是主動關系，用sitting.【例15】The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests.【解析】此句的謂語動詞went,所給動詞與謂語不是并列關系，應用非謂語動詞形式； the headmaster 與follow是被動關系，故填followed,作伴隨狀語。詞類轉換題的解題技巧詞類轉換題要先確定所要填的單詞在句中的成分。技巧1：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。 1. The youngster（年輕人） immediately fell _ (silence) as tea

21、rs flew down from his big blue eyes.2. Thanks for your _( value) suggestions.3. Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject.技巧2：作主語，或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式。4. When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally

22、 refer to the Four Great Inventions.5. Instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the reading.技巧3：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。 6. As I looked_ (close) at this girl, I found that she is shake with cold7. There must be something _(serious) wrong with our society. 8. Singles are floc

23、king(涌向) to the Internet_ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time.技巧5：詞義轉換題。詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據句子意思及前后邏輯關系，在詞根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在詞根后加-less等。9. People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is: no

24、knowledge is _ (use).10. Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office. 技巧6：括號中所給詞為動詞時，也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞，有可能考詞類轉換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較級或最高級。例11 There was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract).例12The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumpe

25、d even _ (hard) and finally made himself out.詞類轉化題鞏固練習:1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_(rude). of the _ (bad) gift choices I had ever made was for my high school English teacher (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just only 10 minutes left ! was his _ (nine) year of school and his academic ca

26、reer seemed to be in ruins, so I was angry. far as I am concerned, my _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook. would be _(believe) that such an honest man should have betrayed his friends.7. His teacher took a deep drink，smiled_ (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet wat

27、er.8. But Jane knew from past experience that her_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course.10. How_ (polite) it is to point at others with your chopsticks at dinner table. 2015年全國新課標 = 2 * ROMAN * MERGEFORMAT II卷 The adob

28、e dwellings (土坯房) _61_（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _62_most modern of architects（建筑師）and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable（值得贊揚的）is their _63_ (able) to “air condition” a house without _64_( use) elec

29、tric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65_( slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _66_ (cool) the house during the hot day;_67 _ the same time,

30、they warm up again for the night. This cycle _68_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As _69_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out(計算出) exactly _70 _thick the adobe wal

31、ls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 2015年廣東卷Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _16_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _17_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly _18_ oth

32、er food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _19_ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass _20_ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she _21_ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make

33、a living _22_ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _23_ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was alr

34、eady selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _24_ people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to _25_ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 2014年廣東卷Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been

35、 there before said_16_ was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months_17_ （early）, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We _1

36、8_（tell）that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, _19_ for the week after. I didnt understand _20_ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _21_ the reservation. Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She wa

37、s _22_（surprise）helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _23_ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we werent charged extra.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _24_ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_25_（sunburn），

38、but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind. 2013年廣東卷 One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he _16_(find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _17_ too little.His son looked surprised, “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, _18_ not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very _19_ (r