2023版高三一輪總復習英語外研版課時分層作業(yè)7　Food for thought

1、 課時分層作業(yè)(七)閱讀理解A(2021福州市質(zhì)量檢測)The new year always brings predictionsYou know who gets them right?BLUETOOTHIn his futuristic 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury anticipated Bluetooth, describing wireless earphones that allowed for “an electronic ocean of sound, music and talks” to be transferred th

2、rough the airImagine how thrilled he would have been with a Bluetooth toaster! That was the idea behind Griffins Connected Toaster, which warned you via your smartphone when your toast was doneAt 100, this baby cost a lot of bread，which may be why it was discontinued just two years after being launc

3、hedSMART WATCHThe Apple Watch lets you chat, play games, and watch videos on a device fastened to your wristCool, huh? The Jetsons thought soin 1962when Steve Jobs was still in second grade!WIFINikola Tesla called it! In 1909, the famous electrical engineer told The New York Times, “It will soon be

4、possible to send wireless messages all over the world so simply that any individual can carry and operate his own equipment” No doubt he was thinking of the Krastase Hair Coach brush, which measured brushing speed and employed a microphone to listen to your hair, all to compute an overall hairqualit

5、y score sent to your smartphone(Alas, it is gone too)GPSWriter Arthur CClarke (2001：A Space Odyssey) saw a world in which no one got lostIn 1956, he wrote that satellites could make possible a positionfinding grid (坐標方格) whereby anyone could locate himself by means of a couple of dials on an instrum

6、ent about the size of a watchClarke didnt mention that his system might also track another person, such as a criminalLast year, the New York City police arrested a robber who was wearing a GPS ankle monitorbecause he was still on probation(緩刑) for a prior crime【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了過去一些人對科技方面的預測，包括藍牙和

7、全球定位系統(tǒng)等。1Which of the predictions is the earliest?ABLUETOOTHBSMART WATCHCWIFIDGPSC細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)各種預測的內(nèi)容可知，C項對應的時間為1909年，而A項對應的時間為1953年，B項為1962年，D項為1956年，故選C。2Why might Griffins Connected Toaster disappear?AToo expensiveBOut of dateCA little awkwardDEnergyconsumingA細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的Griffins Connected Toaster定位至

8、BLUETOOTH部分，根據(jù)該部分中的“At 100，this baby cost a lot of bread，which may be why it was discontinued just two years after being launched”可知，其消失的原因可能是價格太高，故選A。3What was Clarkes prediction?AA GPS ankle monitorBA robberarresting instrumentCA watch that could see the worldDAn instrument that could locate a per

9、sonD細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的Clarkes定位至GPS部分，根據(jù)該部分中的“whereby anyone could locate himself by means of a couple of dials on an instrument about the size of a watch”可知，答案為D。B(2021濟南市模擬)The only thing better than receiving a book is getting one delivered by a horseCaitlin Gooch，the founder of Saddle Up and Read(SUAR

10、)，literally saddles(跨上馬鞍) up one of her familys horses and visits primary schools, libraries and youth groups to encourage students to readThe nonprofit in Wendell，North Carolina，also organizes book drives and schoolwide reading competitionsAlong with her five brothers and sisters，Gooch grew up on a

11、 family farm owned by her fatherAlthough he worked as a used car salesman，he built a race track on their 87acre farm，where he hosted racesGooch said she grew up around 80 horses and felt blessed to have grown up with themIn 2017，Gooch，who had been working at daycare centers and youth groups，noticed

12、that some of the younger children struggled to readShe decided to work with a local library：Any student who checked out more than three books would be entered into a prize drawFive names would be selected out of the draw and each received a trip to visit the horses on the Gooch family farmIt was a h

13、itGooch expanded her services by creating her nonprofit，SUARWhen Gooch shared her organizations story on social media，it reached over 70，000 likes in a weekShe even got a shout out from Oprah Winfrey，a famous talk show hostessShes raised over 20，000 from supporters across the world“Now that its sort

14、 of，all eyes on me，theres definitely an opportunity to do something more，”Gooch saidGooch isnt just encouraging children to read moreShes also showing them that horseback riders can look like herOnline，shes often referred to as the“Black Cowgirl”“It feels amazing to be that kind of representation，”G

15、ooch said【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。Caitlin Gooch創(chuàng)立了公益組織“馬鞍上閱讀”，騎馬向孩子們送書，鼓勵孩子們閱讀，提高閱讀能力，她在網(wǎng)上分享了公益組織的故事后，得到了著名脫口秀主持人Oprah Winfrey的支持。4Why does Gooch deliver books on horseback?ATo deliver books quicklyBTo promote family businessCTo get students to readDTo advertise her organizationC細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“who had been

16、working at daycare centers and youth groups, noticed that some of the younger children struggled to read”可知，Gooch注意到一些年齡較小的孩子閱讀很艱難，于是和當?shù)氐囊患覉D書館合作推出了旨在促進孩子們閱讀的公益活動，故C項正確。5What did Gooch do to help kids with reading difficulties?AHold reading competitionsBWork with the youth groupsCDonate books to a lo

17、cal libraryDOrganize visits to the family farmD細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句“Five names would be selected out of the draw and each received a trip to visit the horses on the Gooch family farm”可知，獲獎者可以去Gooch家的農(nóng)場參觀馬匹，故D項正確。6What can be learned about SUAR from paragraph 4?AIt is well receivedBIt has made a big profitC

18、It needs further expansionDIt was criticized by OprahA推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，Gooch創(chuàng)建了自己的非營利組織SUAR，擴大了她的服務，該組織很受歡迎，在社交平臺上獲得很多贊；據(jù)此可以判斷，非營利組織SUAR很受歡迎，故A項正確。7What can best describe Gooch?AHonestBInspiringCBraveDPatientB推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段第一、第二句“Gooch isnt just encouraging children to read moreShes also showing them tha

19、t horseback riders can look like her”可知，Gooch不僅鼓勵孩子們多讀書，還向他們展示騎手可以像她一樣。再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可以判斷，Gooch是一個鼓舞人心的人，故B項正確。C(2021湖南省六校聯(lián)考)The summer holidays are in full swing and protests have begun in a number of popular European citiesBarcelona，in particular，is at the centre of these mounting concerns about the rapi

20、d growth of tourism in cities，especially during peak holiday periodsIn fact，Destination Barcelona estimates that there were 30 million overnight visitors in 2017，compared to a resident population of 1，625，137Overtourism is not a new problemWhile many tourists want to “l(fā)ive like a local” and have an

21、authentic and immersive experience during their visit，the residents of many tourismdependent destinations are seeing the unique sense of place that characterised their hometowns vanish beneath a wave of souvenir shops，crowds，tour buses and rowdy barsThey are also suffering as local amenities (便利設(shè)施)

22、and infrastructure are put under enormous strainIt is a truly global issueRecently，Thai authorities were forced to act when a number of tourists visiting Maya Bay，the beach made famous by Danny Boyles film The Beach, led to shocking environmental damageOvertourism is harming the landscape，damaging b

23、eaches，and putting infrastructure under enormous strainIt can have an impact in multiple waysThe international cruise industry，for example，delivers thousands of passengers daily to destination portsWhile comparatively little is returned to communities，the cruise activity creates physical and visual

24、pollutionCity residents also bear the cost of tourism growthAs cities transform itself to cater for tourists，the global travel supply chain prospersThis coincides with increasing property speculation and rising costs of living for local communitiesAirbnb，for example，has been accused of reducing hous

25、ing affordability and displacing residentsOvercrowding and the establishment of typical tourismfocused businesses，such as clubs，bars and souvenir shops，overwhelm local businesses，and rowdy and unmanageable tourist behaviour is commonThis diminishes the unique ambience of destinations and leads to cr

26、owd and waste management pressuresLocal government and planning authorities have so far been powerless to deal with the overwhelming influence of the global tourism supply chainThis has led to widespread “touristphobia” first described by Manuel Delgado more than a decade ago as a mixture of repudia

27、tion, mistrust and contempt for tourists【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講的是過度旅游帶來的一系列不好的影響。8Whats the purpose of writing the first paragraph?ATo present a phenomenonBTo introduce the topic，overtourismCTo give readers a vivid descriptionDTo show the protests in BarcelonaB寫作意圖題。根據(jù)題目定位到文章第一段，通讀該段可知，該段主要提到了過度旅游的問題，結(jié)

28、合下文主要圍繞過度旅游帶來的一系列不好的影響展開可知，該段是為了引出主題過度旅游，故B項正確。9The example of Thai authorities shows_AMaya Bvisiting famous places shown in movies is a global phenomenonCtoo many visitors will cause great damage to the local environmentDmany local governments have already taken action to prevent overtourismC推理判斷題。

29、根據(jù)題干中的“Thai authorities”定位到文章第二段最后一句，由此可知，過多的游客造成了驚人的環(huán)境破壞，泰國官方不得不采取行動，由此可推知，泰國官方的例子表明過多的游客會對當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境造成極大的破壞，故C項正確。10According to the passage，overtourism will _Aimprove the local cruise industryBmake the local business boomCcause the rising costs of living for the residentsDincrease the business of Airb

30、nbC細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“City residents also bear the cost of tourism growthThis coincides with increasing property speculation and rising costs of living for local communities”可知，過度旅游會導致居民生活成本上升，故C項正確。11What will the writer most probably talk about in the following paragraph?AMeasures to deal with overto

31、urismBProblems caused by overtourismCProtests caused by overtourismDEnvironmental pollution caused by overtourismA推理判斷題。文章前幾段主要講了過度旅游帶來的一系列不好的影響，最后一段提到到目前為止，地方管理和規(guī)劃部門還無力應對全球旅游供應鏈的巨大影響，這導致了“游客恐懼癥”的蔓延。由此可推知，作者在下段最有可能介紹解決過度旅游的措施，故A項正確。D(2021武漢市質(zhì)量檢測)Never play games with a bot (robot)it will find a way

32、to cheat if it canA team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hideandseekThe bots also learned how to use basic tools to help winBowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see

33、if the teambased dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humansThe researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模擬的) environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders，and left them to play team games of hideandseek The bots each ha

34、d their own view of the world and couldnt communicate with each other directlyAt first, the hiders simply ran awayBut they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view The seekers learned that they could move boxes arou

35、nd and use them to climb over wallsThe bots then discovered that being a team playerpassing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideoutwas the quickest way to winBut the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faultsSeekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards

36、a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from aboveHiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them asideIt shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker“Maybe theyll even be able to solve problems that humans dont yet know how

37、 to” However, it is a large leap (跳躍) from virtual hideandseek to real problemsolving“The main limitation is that it is in simulation，” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種通過玩捉迷藏自學合作技能的人工智能機器人，這種機器人還學會了使用基本工具來幫助自己獲勝。12Why did Baker and his colleagues conduct the research?

38、ATo teach bots to play gamesBTo train bots to use basic toolsCTo find if bots may cheat like humansDTo see the potential of bots cooperationD細節(jié)理解題。第二段講到OpenAI的Bowen Baker和他的同事們想看看OpenAI Five人工智能機器人的團隊互動能否被用來產(chǎn)生將來對人類有用的技能。由此可知，Bowen Baker和他的同事進行這項研究是為了看機器人合作的潛力。故D項正確。13Whats the third paragraph mainly

39、 about?AThe tools of the researchBThe design of the researchCThe competitors of the gameDThe environment of the gameB段落大意題。通讀第三段可知，該段主要介紹了研究的設(shè)計：研究人員將機器人置于一個充滿固定墻壁、可移動的盒子和梯子的模擬環(huán)境中，讓它們玩團隊捉迷藏游戲，且彼此不能直接交流。故B項正確。14What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?APassing objectsBMoving b

40、oxes aroundCMaking use of faultsDHiding themselves from viewC代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults”可知，但真正令人驚訝的是，機器人開始利用問題或錯誤；第五段最后兩句給出了相應的例子；結(jié)合尾段第一句可以判斷，該句主語It指代的是“機器人利用錯誤”，故C項正確。15What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research?AIt c

41、an bridge a gap in the AI researchBIt will not be influenced by the real worldCIt will definitely help the real problemsolvingDIt may not be realized out of the virtual worldD推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段尾句中Chelsea Finn所說的話“The main limitation is that it is in simulation”可知，Chelsea Finn認為主要的局限在于機器人的互動是處于模擬狀態(tài)下的。據(jù)此可以判斷，

42、Chelsea Finn認為超出模擬范圍，這種結(jié)果可能不會出現(xiàn)。故D項正確。閱讀七選五(2021溫州市適應性測試)Due to COVID19，moms have had a rough yearDay care centers are closed 1 At the same time theyre homeschooling and cleaning everythingLooking back 50 years or so，I found that my own mother was a mysteriously effective role modelShe never hit me

43、or raised her voiceShe didnt directly boss anyone aroundShe indirectly gave my sisters and me very clear guidance on what behaviors were expected in our home，and out in the world 2 But once，when an African American family moved into our allwhite neighborhood，she quietly and firmly sat my sisters and

44、 me down and told us that we would always treat them with respectWe didWhen my mom got serious，we never questioned her authorityMy mother taught us to love our neighbors，showed us how to treat everyone with kindness and respect and modeled how we could be generous with our time and energy by focusing on the needs and interests of othersOne time，she was