2017考研英語沖刺試題及解析（閱讀理解1）

1、2017考研英語沖刺試題及解析（閱讀理解1） 相關(guān)推薦： HYPERLINK /show/7628617.html t _blank 2017年考研現(xiàn)場確認時間及地點匯總 HYPERLINK /show/7602343.html t _blank 全國各地2017年考研報考點匯總 HYPERLINK /show/7518431.html t _blank 2017年考研時間、研究生考試時間安排 HYPERLINK /show/7509382.html t _blank 2017年考研大綱下載及解析匯總 HYPERLINK /kaoyan/kyjz/ t _blank 2017年全國碩士研究生招

2、生簡章專題 新東方網(wǎng)校推薦： HYPERLINK /alliance/click?userid=ff80808142e9ed180142e9ed18010000&url=/ke/kaoyan/ t _blank 2017年考研政治、英語、數(shù)學課程！點擊進入免費試聽 HYPERLINK /alliance/click?userid=ff80808142e9ed180142e9ed18010000&url=/ke/kaoyan/ t _blank Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever morecunning tool

3、s to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or justplain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the scienceof conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists haveyet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun tocome close.As a re

4、sult, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligentgizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence hasremoved much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assemblyarms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us withmechanical polit

5、eness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled bytireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization ofelectronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that canperform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greaterprecision t

6、han highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make atleast a few decisions for themselves goals that pose areal challenge. “While we know how to te

7、ll a robot to handle a specific error,” says DaveLavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we cant yet give arobot enoughcommon sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced verymixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism

8、 in the 1960s and 1970s whenit appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copythe action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begunto extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the huma

9、nbrains roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented and humanperception far more complicated than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognizethe error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlledfactory environment. But the human mind can gli

10、mpse a rapidly changing sceneand immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneouslyfocusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the singlesuspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earthcant approach that kind of ability, and neurosc

11、ientists still dont know quitehow we do it.26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated inAthe use of machines to produce science fiction.Bthe wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.Cthe invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.Dthe elites cunning tackling of dangerous and borin

12、g work.27. The word “gizmos (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably meansAprograms. Bexperts. Cdevices. Dcreatures.28. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is todesign a robot that canAfulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.Binteract with human beings verbally.Chave a lit

13、tle common sense.Drespond independently to a changing world.29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can alsoAmake a few decisions for themselves.Bdeal with some errors with human intervention.Cimprove factory environments.Dcultivate human creativity.30. The author uses the example of a monkey to ar

14、gue that robots areAexpected to copy human brain in internal structure.Bable to perceive abnormalities immediately.Cfar less able than human brain in focusing on relevantinformation.Dbest used in a controlled environment.解析26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in 人類的創(chuàng)造性最初表現(xiàn)在Athe use of mach

15、ines to produce science fiction. 用機器來創(chuàng)作科幻小說。Bthe wide use of machines in manufacturing industry. 制造業(yè)對機器的廣泛使用。Cthe invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.發(fā)明工具以處理困難和危險的工作。Dthe elites cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.精英人士對危險和枯燥的工作的巧妙的處理?！敬鸢浮?C【考點】事實細節(jié)題。【分析】通過“ Human ingenuity

16、”和“ initially ”可以定位到第一段開始?！皬娜祟惍a(chǎn)生智慧初期至今，人們一直在設(shè)計越來越巧妙的工具來應(yīng)付那些危險的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是骯臟的工作。”由于講的是人類最初的創(chuàng)造力，因此可以排除 A 、 B 、 D 。27. The word “gizmos (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means單詞“ gizmos ” ( 第二段第一行 ) 最有可能的意思是Aprograms. 程序。 Bexperts. 專家。Cdevices. 設(shè)備。 Dcreatures. 生物。【答案】 C【考點】詞義題。【分析】本題雖然考查的是詞義，但是顯然不

17、是希望考生通過儲備更大的詞匯來回答，而是希望考生能夠利用文中出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)來推斷這個單詞的意思。第二段第一句的意思說“由此引起的結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)代世界已經(jīng)充斥著越來越多的智能 _ ，盡管我們幾乎都注意不到它們，但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了許多人類勞力?！比缓笞髡咛峒暗搅恕肮S機械手”、“自動柜員機”以及“機器人駕駛員”等等。由此我們可以認定這些設(shè)施都是對“ gizmo ”的例舉和解釋。而這幾樣東西具有一個共同的特征，即它們都是“工具”。相比四個選項，只有 C 最合適。28. According to the text, what is beyond mans ability now is todesign

18、a robot that can根據(jù)本文，現(xiàn)在超越人類能力范圍的是設(shè)計一種能 _ 的機器人。A fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.完成諸如腦手術(shù)這樣的精細的工作。B interact with human beings verbally.與人類進行口頭交流。C have a little common sense.有一些常識。D respond independently to a changing world.對一個變化的世界獨立應(yīng)付?！敬鸢浮?D【考點】事實細節(jié)題?！痉治觥扛鶕?jù)“超越人類能力”這個關(guān)鍵信息，我們可以定位

19、到第三段中“ Dave Lavery ”的第二句話，即“ we cant yet give a robot enough common sense to reliablyinteract with a dynamic world ”。因為該句中的“ dynamic ”就是“動態(tài)的、變化的”意思，因此我們可以判定答案D 是正確的。 A 文中已經(jīng)提及。 B 的例子就是“自動柜員機”。 C 可以在第三段最后一句“我們不能給他足夠的常識”中找到被排除的依據(jù)。29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also除了減少人類勞動，機器人還能夠Amake a f

20、ew decisions for themselves. 為自己做幾個決策。Bdeal with some errors with human intervention. 通過人類干預(yù)處理一些錯誤。Cimprove factory environments. 改善工廠環(huán)境。Dcultivate human creativity. 培養(yǎng)人的創(chuàng)造性?！敬鸢浮?B【考點】事實細節(jié)題?！痉治觥勘绢}要求考生尋找機器人還能夠從事什么工作，這就需要對四個選項進行比較。尋找答案。A 提到機器人能夠為自己做幾個決策，通過“ decision ”這個單詞可以定位到第三段第一句話“但是如果機器人要進入節(jié)省勞力的下一

21、個階段，他們必須能夠在更少的人工監(jiān)控下運行，并且至少能夠獨立地做一些決定”，這句話表明，目前機器人還不能獨立做一些決定。 B 的意思符合第三段第三句，“雖然我們知道如何讓機器人去糾正一個特定的錯誤”。至于 C ，文中提到機器人是受環(huán)境控制的，而不是反之。 D 的說法也反了。30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are作者使用猴子的例子，為的是說機器人A expected to copy human brain in internal structure.被期望復(fù)制人腦內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。B able to per

22、ceive abnormalities immediately.能夠立即覺察到不正常情況。C far less able than human brain in focusing on relevantinformation.在聚焦相關(guān)信息方面遠遠不如人類。D best used in a controlled environment.最適合在受控環(huán)境下使用?！敬鸢浮?C【考點】作者意圖題。【分析】作者最后一段提到“猴子”這個例子，是考查文章最后一段的理解。由于文章舉這個例子就是為了說明計算機雖然功能強大，但是仍然無法和人腦的復(fù)雜性相比，因為人腦看一眼迅速變化的場景就能夠迅速的排除不相干的信息

23、，立即把注意力集中到蜿蜒的森林小路邊的一只猴子，這一點計算機是做不到的。因此，可以判斷 C 正確。難句解析：1. Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever morecunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or justplain nasty.【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句前面是“ since ”引導(dǎo)的一個時間狀語，后面主句中有一個“ that ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句“ that is dangerous, boring, burdens

24、ome, or just plain nasty ”用來修飾“ work ”。2. As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated byintelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universalexistence has removed much human labor.【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主句是“ the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos ”，后面是兩個“whos

25、e ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，“ but ”連接了這兩個定語從句。3. There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds ofbrain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greaterprecision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是一個“ there be ”結(jié)構(gòu)，“ robot systems ”后面有一個“ that ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而破折號

26、引出一個補充說明部分來修飾“ submillimeter accuracy ”，其中包含一個比較級。4. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene andimmediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneouslyfocusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the singlesuspicious face in a big crowd.【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主語是“ the human mind ”，并列謂語“ can glimpse ”和“ disregard”，逗號后面“ instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a windingforest road or the single suspiciou