2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號40

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-陜西師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparated,togethertheyalladduptosomething;theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Thesameideas,orrelatedones,turnupindifferentplaces;thehumanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesinliterature,butwithdifferentsolutionsaccordingtodifferentwritingsatdifferenttimes.Booksinfluenceeachother;theylinkthepast,thepresentandthefutureandhavetheirowngenerations,likefamilies.Whereveryoustartreadingyouconnectyourselfwithoneofthefamiliesofideas,andinthelongrun,younotonlyfindoutabouttheworldandthepeopleinit;youfindoutaboutyourself,too.

Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.Ifyouconcentrateonabookthatmeanssomethingtoyou,andrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime—andifyoubecome,asaresultofreading,better,wiser,kinder,ormoregentle,youwon’thavesufferedduringtheprocess.

【答案】每本書彼此獨(dú)立，就像一個個獨(dú)戶住宅，而圖書館里的藏書就好像城市里的千家萬戶。盡管它們相互獨(dú)立，但只有互相聯(lián)系才有意義，家家戶戶彼此相連，城市與城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌現(xiàn)。在生活中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的問題也會在文學(xué)作品反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，但因時代與作品的差異，解決對策也會有所不同。書籍之間也會互相影響，它們聯(lián)系著過去、現(xiàn)在和將來，并且如同家庭一樣也會世代延續(xù)。無論從哪里開始閱讀，你都會將自己和一個家族的思想聯(lián)系在一起，長遠(yuǎn)來看，你不僅能發(fā)現(xiàn)這個世界和里面的人，也能在其中發(fā)現(xiàn)自我。

閱讀只有在你期望它有趣時才會真的有趣。如果你專注于一本對你有特殊意義的書，并且樂在其中，那么你就會體驗一段美妙的時光——如果你因為閱讀而變得更加善良、聰明、隨和或是優(yōu)雅，那么你就會享受閱讀的過程。

2.單選題

Hisfriendlinessandhelpfulnessare（）thatmakeeveryonelikeshim.

問題1選項

A.principled

B.attributes

C.functions

D.regimens

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的友好和樂于助人是很起作用的，大家都喜歡他。A選項為“有原則的，有操守的”；B選項為“歸因，屬性”；C選項為“起作用”；D選項為“養(yǎng)生法養(yǎng)生之道”。根據(jù)原句語義邏輯可知，C項與friendliness和helpfulness搭配更恰當(dāng)，更符合句意。

3.單選題

Onthefatefulnightin1930whenthefirstGermanbombsfellonPoland,youngNinaNovak,oneofPoland'smostpromisingdancers,wasperformingintheOperaHouseinWarsaw.TwodayslatertheOperaHousewasdestroyedbybombs.Nina'swholelifehadbeendevotedtoballet:Nowherworldcollapsedaroundher.Inthedarkyearsthatfollowed,itseemedthatshewouldneverdanceagain,muchlessbecomeoneoftheworld'sleadingballerinas.ButNinahadcourage---andadreamthatbeganwhenshewasveryyoung.

NinawasborninWarsawandspenttheearlyyearsofherchildhoodthere;HerfirstschoolteachernoticedlittleNina’sgraceandtoldhersheshouldstudydancing,Ninadelightedlyreportedtheteacher'swordsathome,buthermotherfoughttheidea,sayingthatnodaughterofherswasgoingtobeadancer.Nina,however,wasadeterminedchild.Shehadmadeuphermindtobeareallygreatballerinanomatterwhatthecost,andsheworkedtowardthisgoalwithherwholebeing.ShecoaxedandrageduntilhermotherfinallygaveinandletherenrollatthePolishOperaBalletSchool.

Herfirstappearanceonstagecamethreeyearslater,whenshewasallowedtodancethepartofaslavegirlintheoperaAida.Shortlyafterthis,Ninabecamearealprofessional,dancingfortwoyearsasprimaballerinaoftheChildren'sofWarsaw.

Whenshewasthirteen,shewastakenintothePolishOperaCompany.Shewastheyoungestdancerevertobecomeamemberofitscorpsdeballet.Thefollowingyear,shestartedoutwiththecompanyonalongEuropeantour.ShespenttwoexcitingyearsdancinginthecapitalsofEurope,andsherosefromherhumbleplaceinthecorpsdeballetallthewaytosoloist.

ShehadjustreturnedtoWarsawafterthistourwhenthePolishStateBalletwasinvitedtodanceattheWorld’sFarinNewYorkearlyin1929.ButwhileshewasdancinggailyinNewYork,warcloudsweredarkeningoverhernativecountry.NinahadbeenhomeforonlyamonthwhenHitlermarchedintoPoland.

TheinvadingGermansdecreedthatanyonewhodidnothaveajobwouldbesenttoaworkcamp.Atgreatrisk,NinarefusedtodanceatthelargetheaterthattheGermanshadtaken-over.InsteadshejoinedagroupofPolishdancersinasmall,ill-equippedtheaterwheretheygaveperformancesonlyfortheirowncountrymen.

ThedarkyearsofWorldWarIIworeon.Onebyone,themembersofNina'slargeandwealthyfamilywerearrestedandsenttoconcentration:camps.Heradoredolderbrotherwastakenfirst,thenherfather,thenNinaandherotherbrothersandsisters.Theywereseparatedandsenttodifferentcamps.Ninafranticallyaskedfornewsofherfamilyfromeachprisonerwhocametohercamp.Drearymonthdraggedbybeforethetragicnewsreachedherthatherbelovedbrotherhadbeenkilledfromanti-Naziactivities.Herfather,too,wasdead—ofstarvation.

Dazedwithgrief,shenolongercaredwhethershelivedordied.Sixmonthslater,whenliberatingtroopsarrivedandthrewopentheprisongates,shewassothinthatshecouldhardlywalk.

Barelyawarethatthewarwasover;Ninalistlesslybegantopickupthethreadsofherlife.Shewasreunitedwithwhatwasleftofherfamily,andtheytriedtomakesomesortoflifeforthemselvesinwar-tomPoland.Shebegantofeelvaguestirringsoftheold,familiardesiretodance,butshewasstilltoodepressedandweaktopractice.Heryoungerbrothertriedtoencourageher.Hebegantopracticewithher,andsoontheyhadbuiltupacharminglittledanceroutineoftheirown.TogethertheyfounddancingengagementsinmanyWarsawnightspots.ThefamilydecidedthatthebestfutureforNinaasadancerwasintheUnitedSates,andtheystartedsavingmoneyforhertomakethetrip.

NinaarrivedinNewYorkin1947—aslightgirlwhosetragicdarkeyesheldtheonlyhintoftheheartbreakshehadbeenthrough.ShesentaboutlearningtospeakEnglishandtookintensiveballetlessonstoretrainherstill-frailbody.SheappliedforapositioninthecorpsdeballetoftheBalletRussedeMonteCarloin1948,andwasaccepted.Sheworkedhard,determinedtorisetothetop.Fouryearslater,shehadmadethegrade-shewasthetop-rankingballerinawiththeBalletRussedeMonteCarlo.

ThebitterwarhadbroughtNinaheartbreakandhaddrivenhertothevergeofphysicalcollapse.Butinspiteofthis;shesaystoday,"Alwaysinlife,Ihaveluck—reallyhaveluck!"Sheinsiststhatitwasluckthatbroughthertwoofhergreatestroles.ThefirstwasSwan-HildainCoppelia.Ninadancedthatroleonthreedays’noticewhentheBalletRussedeMonteCarlowasinChicago.ReplacingDanilova,whowasill,shedancedsowellthatshegotravenoticesfromtheChicagocritics.

Itwasluckagain,accordingtoNinathatbroughthertheroleinMutewifeforwhichsheisbestknown.Theleadingballerinahadanargumentwiththechoreographerandwalkedout.Ninasteppedin.

ShehaswonaleadingroleinalmosteveryballetoftheBalletRusse.Stilldrivenbyambition,sheissodedicatedtoherprofessionthatnothingelsematterstoher.NinaNovakhastakenforhercreedthewordsofherteacheroflongago:"Ifpeopletellyouthatyoucannotdance,donotbelievethem,foryoucan.Butiftheysaythatyouarewonderful,donotbelievethemeither,foryoumustalwaysimprove."

1.WhenNinawastakenintothePolishOperaCompany,shewas（）.

2.Ofthefollowingevents,thefirsttooccurwas（）.

3.WhydidNinarefusetodanceatthetheatertakenoverbytheGermans?

4.Itismostaccuratetosaythatthewar（）.

5.Ninathinksthatshe（）.

問題1選項

A.thestarorprimaballerina

B.theyoungestdancer

C.stillabeginner

D.theleadingprofessionaldancer

問題2選項

A.theGermaninvasionofPoland

B.Nina'sEuropeantour

C.TheWorld'sFairinNewYork

D.Nina'sbecominga'realprofessionaldancer

問題3選項

A.Becauseshewantedtodanceinalargetheatre.

B.Becauseshewasnolongerinterestedindancing.

C.BecauseshedidnotwanttodancefortheGermans.

D.Becauseshewasillandtooweaktodance.

問題4選項

A.didnotaffectNina'sdevotiontodancing

B.almostruinedNina'swholelife

C.changedNina'smostimportantgoals

D.hadagreatinfluenceonNina'scharacters

問題5選項

A.stillmustprovetoothersthatshecandance

B.stillmustworkatlearningtodance

C.hasatlastreachedhergoal

D.hadmadegreatachievementsindancing.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題，根據(jù)原文第四段Whenshewasthirteen,shewastakenintothePolishOperaCompany.Shewastheyoungestdancerevertobecomeamemberofitscorpsdeballet.可知，Nina在十三歲時進(jìn)入波蘭戲劇公司，是最年輕的舞蹈演員。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由原文第四段Thefollowingyear,shestartedoutwiththecompanyonalongEuropeantour.可知，在進(jìn)入PolishOperaCompany之后，Nina參與了一個長期的歐洲巡演。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

3.C推理判斷題。由原文第六段TheinvadingGermansdecreedthatanyonewhodidnothaveajobwouldbesenttoaworkcamp.Atgreatrisk,NinarefusedtodanceatthelargetheaterthattheGermanshadtaken-overInsteadhejoinedagroupofPolishdancersinasmall,ill-equippedtheaterwheretheygaveperformancesonlyfortheirowncountrymen.可知，入侵的德國人下令，任何沒有工作的人都將被送到勞改營。冒著極大的危險，Nina拒絕在德國人占領(lǐng)的大劇院里跳舞，而是加入了一群波蘭舞者，在一個設(shè)備簡陋的小劇院里，只為自己的同胞表演。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，戰(zhàn)爭給Nina的人生和舞蹈生涯都帶來了很大的打擊。她的家人在戰(zhàn)爭中相繼被迫害，她自己也被送到了集中營，但是她始終都保持著對舞蹈的熱愛和追求。A選項didnotaffectNina’sdevotiontodancing“沒有影響Nina對舞蹈的熱愛”符合題意，故正確答案為A項。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文最后一段Ifpeopletellyouthatyoucannotdance,donotbelievethem,foryoucan.Butiftheysaythatyouarewonderful,donotbelievethemeitherforyoumustalwaysimprove.可知，Nina的信條是不要相信別人對自己的否定，也不要滿足于別人對自己的贊揚(yáng)，人需要不斷提升自我。所以B項“她認(rèn)為自己仍然需要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈，提高技藝”符合原文內(nèi)容，故本題正確答案為B項。

4.單選題

Evenasagirl,______tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencesweretobeherbestteachers.

問題1選項

A.performingbyMelissawere

B.itwasknownthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

C.knowingthatMelissa’sperformanceswere

D.Melissaknewthatperformingwas

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)與同位語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知and為連詞，后面接的是一個完整的句子，因此and前也應(yīng)為一個句子，空格處缺少主語，根據(jù)Evenasagirl可知agirl是主語的同位語，因此D選項符合語法和句式要求。句意：即使是個小女孩時，梅麗莎就知道表演是她的生命，而劇院的觀眾是她最好的老師。

5.單選題

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

問題1選項

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引導(dǎo)的真實條件句，主句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時。情態(tài)動詞結(jié)構(gòu)“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（禮貌問語）您喜歡，您愿意”，是一種委婉征求意見的方式。因此，排除其他選項，本題正確答案為B項。

6.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)的”；B選項thrifty“節(jié)儉的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C選項frugal“節(jié)省的，節(jié)儉的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D選項careful“小心地，仔細(xì)地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“當(dāng)心，注意”。根據(jù)Althoughhehasbecomerich與of可知選C。句意：雖然他變得富有了，但他仍然很節(jié)儉。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Shortmessageserviceisamechanismofdeliveryofshortmessagesoverthemobilenetworks.Itisastoreandforwardwayoftransmittingmessagestoandfrommobiles.Themessage(textonly)fromthesendingmobileisstoredinscentralshortmessagecenterwhichthenforwardsittothedestinationmobile.Thismeansthatinthecasethattherecipientisnotavailable;theshortmessageisstoredandcanbesentlater.Eachshortmessagecanbenolongerthan160characters.ThesecharacterscanbetextorbinaryNon-TextShortmessages.AninterestingfeatureofSMSisreturnreceipts.Thismeansthatthesender,ifwishes,cangetasmallmessagenotifyingiftheshortmessagewasdeliveredtotheintendedrecipient.

【答案】短信服務(wù)是通過移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)來傳送短消息的機(jī)制。它是一種在手機(jī)間儲存和發(fā)送信息的途徑。發(fā)送手機(jī)所傳來的信息（純文本）被儲存于中央短消息中心，然后這個中心將它轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到目標(biāo)手機(jī)。也就是說，在這種情況下，收件人收不到消息。短消息是先被儲存后再被發(fā)送。每條短信可能不超過160個字符。這些字符可以是文本，或是二進(jìn)制非文本消息。短信有趣的地方在于有回執(zhí)。就是說，如果收件人成功收到短信，那么發(fā)件人就會收到一條提醒通知。

8.單選題

Hisassertionangeredme.

問題1選項

A.statement

B.question

C.success

D.mistake

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中assertion表示“主張；聲稱”；A選項statementn.聲明；陳述；B選項problemn.問題；C選項successn.成功；D選項mistaken.錯誤。由句意可知，他的表述惹怒了我。因此，正確答案是A項。

9.單選題

The

Chairmanwasevidently__________by

Jim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

問題1選項

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組題。A選項putdown鎮(zhèn)壓，記下；B選項putacross圓滿完成，解釋清楚，使被人理解；C選項putaway放好，拋棄；D選項putout撲滅；惱怒。根據(jù)句意可知，董事長明顯被吉姆的話激怒了，瞪了他好一會。因此，D項是正確答案。

10.單選題

Judiciouspraiseis（）thesunistoflowers.

問題1選項

A.likechildrento

B.aschildrenas

C.tochildrenwhat

D.thatchildrenwith

【答案】C

【解析】考查常用句型。句型“AtoBiswhatCtoD”表示A對于B就像C對于D一樣。句意：對孩子公正的評價就宛如陽光對花朵的照耀一般。因此，C項為正確答案。

11.單選題

Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

問題1選項

A.complaint

B.claim

C.reservation

D.lodging

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項complaint“抱怨，控訴”；B選項claim“宣稱，聲稱”；C選項reservation“預(yù)約，預(yù)訂”；D選項lodging“寄宿，借宿”。根據(jù)thehotelwascompletelyfilled（酒店客滿了）可知C選項符合語義，makeareservation表示“預(yù)訂”。句意：當(dāng)他試圖預(yù)訂時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他想要的旅館因為一個會議而客滿。

12.單選題

TheSpaceAge______inOctober1975whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheformerSovietUnion.

問題1選項

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項initiate“開始，發(fā)起”，一般指活動，團(tuán)體的產(chǎn)生；B選項originate“起源于，來自，產(chǎn)生”；C選項embark“上船，裝船，從事”，后面常接介詞on/upon；D選項commence“開始”，指重大事件及歷史時期的開始。根據(jù)TheSpaceAge（太空時代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一顆人造衛(wèi)星）可知是一件重大事件，因此選D。句意：太空時代始于1957年10月，當(dāng)時蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。

13.單選題

Heisnotaverycrediblelecturer.

問題1選項

A.well-known

B.religious

C.ordinary

D.believable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。credible表示“可靠的；可信的”；A選項為“著名的；眾所周知的”；B選項為“宗教的，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)摹?；C選項為“普通的；一般的”；D選項為“可信的”。根據(jù)句意可知，他不是一個可信的演講者。因此，D項為正確答案。

14.單選題

Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalkcoherently.

問題1選項

A.honestly

B.appropriately

C.intelligibly

D.flexibly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項honestlyadv.真誠地，公正地；B選項appropriatelyadv.適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)?；C選項intelligiblyadv.易理解地，清楚明白地；D選項flexiblyadv.靈活地，柔軟地。句意：他意識到自從自己說話不能保持前后一致開始，他已經(jīng)失去了自己的聽眾。因此，C項為正確答案。

15.單選題

Hethinksthatmethodisprevalent.

問題1選項

A.advanced

B.common

C.difficult

D.old-fashioned

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題目中prevalent表示“普遍發(fā)生的；盛行的”；A選項advanced“先進(jìn)的；高級的”；B選項common為“共同的，常見的，普遍的”；C選項difficult為“困難的，艱難的”；D選項old-fashioned為“老式的，過時的”。因此，正確答案是B項。句意：他認(rèn)為這個方法很普遍。

16.單選題

The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問題1選項

A.origin

B.generation

C.decent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞。A選項origin“起源，來源”，指事物開始出現(xiàn)的始點(diǎn)或其來源與出處；B選項generation“一代，產(chǎn)生”；C選項decent“正派的，得體的”，為形容詞；D選項cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：這個詞的起源是未知的，但肯定不是來自希臘語。

17.單選題

Alltheyearshehasbeen______betweenoptimismanddespair.

問題1選項

A.vibrating

B.swinging

C.fluctuating

D.waving

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項vibrate“(使)振動，顫動，擺動”；B選項swing“(使)擺動，搖擺”，指意見、態(tài)度或感情的搖擺；C選項fluctuate“（價格或數(shù)量）波動，漲落，起伏”；D選項wave“揮手，擺手”。根據(jù)betweenoptimismanddespair可知選B。句意：一年來她一直在樂觀和絕望之間搖擺。

18.單選題

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin______tohisincome.

問題1選項

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inproportionto表示“與……成比例，與……相稱”。句意：他在假日和奢侈品上的開銷占他收入相當(dāng)大的比例。

19.單選題

Sometimesthetensionproducedbyfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimesweneedto_____thetensionbylaughingorcrying.

問題1選項

A.discard

B.disperse

C.disguise

D.discharge

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項discardv.拋棄，丟棄；B選項dispersev.分散，使散開，傳播；C選項disguisev.掩飾，假裝；D選項dischargev.排放，釋放，卸貨。根據(jù)句意可知，有時恐懼造成的緊張，我們無法自行克制，這時就需要哭泣或者怒吼來釋放壓力。因此，正確答案為D。

20.單選題

Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.

Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.

Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.

Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.

Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.

Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.

Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman'slife.Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughtlobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.

Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.

Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.

Inmoremodemtimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.

Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?

2.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin.

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousbeliefs?

問題1選項

A.3and7.

B.3and9.

C.7and9.

D.3and13.

問題2選項

A.legend

B.religion

C.popularbelief

D.certaincustoms

問題3選項

A.Heismildlycritical.

B.Heisstronglycritical.

C.Heisinfavorofthem.

D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第五段中的Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.（七是另一個重要的數(shù)字，通常被認(rèn)為是好運(yùn)的使者）和第六段中的Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumber（九通常被認(rèn)為是一個幸運(yùn)的數(shù)字）可知數(shù)字七與九代表好運(yùn)，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.（人們普遍認(rèn)為這個數(shù)字起源于耶穌最后的晚餐中有13人的事實）可知13這個數(shù)字來源于宗教，因此選B。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.（但奇怪的是，出生在13號的人一點(diǎn)也不害怕，這恰恰說明我們迷信的觀念是多么的不理智）可知作者對迷信帶有點(diǎn)批判的態(tài)度，因此選A。

21.單選題

Ican'twaittohearaboutyourEnglishclass

問題1選項

A.ameagerto

B.amlateto

C.amindifferent

D.amhappyto

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。題目中can'twaittodosth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A選項為“渴望去做某事”；B選項為“遲到”;C選項為“對……漠不關(guān)心”；D選項為“開心做某事”。由題意可知，我已經(jīng)迫不及待要聽你的英語課了。因此，正確答案是A項。

22.單選題

“John's（）wasirritating.Hewasreluctanteventobuybread”

問題1選項

A.jealousy

B.soreness

C.luck

D.parsimony

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)后半句Hewasreluctanteventobuybread.（他甚至連買個面包都很不情愿）可知，他是相當(dāng)吝嗇。A選項為“嫉妒”；B選項為“悲傷，痛苦”；C選項為“幸運(yùn)”；D項“吝嗇的，過度節(jié)儉”，因此，D項是正確答案。

23.單選題

Thelawyerpromisedtogotogreattodefendhim.

問題1選項

A.lengths

B.measures

C.efforts

D.endeavors

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項lengthsn.長度（指距離，時間）；B選項measuresn.方法，對策；C選項effortsn.努力；D選項endeavorn.努力，盡力。gotogreatlengths表示“竭盡全力；不遺余力”，因此，正確答案是A項。句意：律師向他保證會竭盡全力為他辯護(hù)。

24.單選題

Thehighcourtreversedthedecisionofthelowercourtbecausetheruling______thedefendanthisright.

問題1選項

A.refused

B.declined

C.denied

D.ignored

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項refuse“拒絕”，其后接名詞、代詞或不定式；B選項decline“下降，謝絕，婉言拒絕”；C選項deny“否認(rèn)，拒絕給予”，denysb.sth.表示“拒絕給予某人某物”；D選項ignore“忽視，不顧”。根據(jù)從句中的賓語thedefendanthisright可知選C。句意：高等法院推翻了下級法院的裁決，因為該裁決剝奪了被告的權(quán)利。

25.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

當(dāng)我們不堪重負(fù)、沮喪、失落，或因為我們認(rèn)為倒霉的事總是光臨我們而處于消極狀態(tài)時，將這些消極的思想轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉e極的至關(guān)重要。從一件積極的小事情開始，并且一整天就一直重復(fù)想著，你將進(jìn)入一個更加積極的狀態(tài)，這樣練下去，很快你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你將改變你的觀點(diǎn)，選擇快樂的生活，而不在意周圍那些瑣事。

【答案】Whenwearestressed,depressed,upset,orotherwiseinanegativestateofmindbecauseweperceivethat“badthings”keephappeningtous,itisimportanttoshiftthosenegativethoughtstosomethingpositive.Ifyoustartwithonesmall,positivethingandrepeatitduringthecourseofyourday,youwillbegintomoveintoamorepositivesituation.Withpractice,youwillfindthatovertime,youwillchangeyouroutlookandchoosetobehappy,irregardlessoftheeventsaroundyou.

26.單選題

ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatherecommendsthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.Isuggestedthatthedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.Suchaprogramwouldnotonlyimproveteachingtheoryandtechnique,itwouldmakeclearwhatcompetenciesarerequiredofagoodteacherandhelpprofessorsattainthem.Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.Competenteducationalresearchisnomoreapart-timeactivitythancompetentscientificresearch.Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.Thereisnoreasontobelievethataneffectivetheoryandtechnologyofinstructionisanyeasiertoachievethancontrollednuclearfusion.Itiscertainlyeverybitasworthy.

1.ProfessorKlinebelievesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversities（）.

2.Theauthorwantstoimprove（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatscientificresearch（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthoreducationalresearch（）.

5.Educationalresearchinmostuniversitiestoday（）.

問題1選項

A.leadstotheestablishmentofseparateresearchinstitutes

B.isharmfultoteaching

C.functionswellintheuniversities

D.isfinanciallyunsound

問題2選項

A.researchinstitutes

B.developmentprograms

C.educationalresearch

D.part-timeactivity

問題3選項

A.isnotnecessarilyeasierthaneducationalresearch

B.hasstandardsthateducationalresearchcannotattain

C.witheducationalresearch

D.mustberelegatedtoapart-timeactivity

問題4選項

A.isrelativelyeasy

B.isquitecomplex

C.isoftentrivial

D.shouldhavelowerstandards

問題5選項

A.receivesadequatesupport

B.isnolongerapart-tomeactivity

C.iseasytoachieve

D.needsmorecommitment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由原文第一段ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.，可知，ProfessorKline認(rèn)為研究成果的競爭會對教育產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的影響，從而降低教學(xué)質(zhì)量，即對教學(xué)有不利影響。因此，B項為正確答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由原文…thedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.以及Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch…可知，作者認(rèn)為必須提高educationalresearch的地位，要把educationalresearch和scientificresearch放在同等重要的位置共謀發(fā)展。A選項researchinstitutes一直就是學(xué)校比較重視的方面；B選項并未在文中單獨(dú)說明；D選項也不是側(cè)重點(diǎn)。因此，C項符合原文，為正確答案。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由原文Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.可知，作者認(rèn)為教育研究應(yīng)該與科學(xué)研究有一樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但是如果沒有同等的投入和支持，無法實現(xiàn)這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此，B項認(rèn)為“科學(xué)研究的有些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，教育研究無法實現(xiàn)”是正確答案。故本題選擇B項。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.可知，作者認(rèn)為教育研究并不簡單，難度不亞于解開人類思維的復(fù)雜性。故本題正確答案為B項。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過原文Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.可知，如今在大學(xué)中，教育研究需要更多的承諾，教授們有責(zé)任促進(jìn)教學(xué)科研水平的提高，而不是減少這類研究。因此，D項是正確答案。

27.單選題

Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.

問題1選項

A.makesroom

B.leavesnoroom

C.sparesnoefforts

D.takesnopains

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項makesroom為……留出空間；B選項leavesnoroom沒有空間；沒有余地；C選項sparesnoefforts不遺余力；D選項takesnopains沒有費(fèi)力氣，沒有痛苦。根據(jù)前文可知，他已經(jīng)列舉出了確鑿的證據(jù)，沒有必要進(jìn)一步爭論。因此，正確答案為B項。

28.單選題

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschoolCognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNeward.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,lienotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward（）.

2.Whatistheresponseofmanyeducatorstoexternalrewardsfortheirstudents?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRoberEisenberger?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve（）.

5.Thephrase“tokeneconomies”(Line1，Para5)probablyrefersto（）.

問題1選項

A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragement

B.theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudent'scre