2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)75

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

當(dāng)前，國(guó)際形勢(shì)正在發(fā)生深刻而復(fù)雜的變化。和平、發(fā)展、合作是當(dāng)今時(shí)代的主旋律。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的趨勢(shì)深入發(fā)展，科技進(jìn)步日新月異，區(qū)域合作方興未艾，各國(guó)相互依存不斷加深，這些都為世界各國(guó)帶來(lái)了難得的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。同時(shí)，全球發(fā)展不均衡，南北差距拉大，傳統(tǒng)安全威脅和非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅相互交織，影響世界和平與發(fā)展的不穩(wěn)定不確定因素增多，廣大發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨著嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。

中國(guó)是最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，非洲是發(fā)展中國(guó)家最集中的大陸，中國(guó)和非洲的人口占世界人口三分之一以上。沒(méi)有中國(guó)和非洲的和平與發(fā)展，就沒(méi)有世界的和平與發(fā)展。

【答案】【參考譯文】Atpresent,theinternationalsituationisundergoingprofoundandcomplexchanges.Peace,developmentandcooperationarethethemesofthepresentera.Thetrendofworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurther,theprogressinscienceandtechnologyischangingwitheachpassingday,theregionalcooperationismakingrobustprogress,andtheinterdependencebetweeneachnationgoesfurther.Allthesehavecreatedraredevelopmentopportunitiesfortheinternationalcommunity.Atthesametime,imbalanceinglobaldevelopment,wideninggapbetweenNorthandSouth,thecombinationoftraditionalandnon-traditionalsecuritythreatsaswellasincreasingfactorsofinstabilityanduncertaintystandinginthewayofpeaceanddevelopmentallposeadauntingchallengetodevelopingcountriesintheirpursuitofsustainabledevelopment.

Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld,andAfricaishometothelargestnumberofdevelopingcountriesintheworld.Ourcombinedpopulationaccountsforoverathirdoftheworldtotalpopulation.WithoutpeaceanddevelopmentinChinaandAfrica,therewillbenoglobalpeaceanddevelopment.

2.單選題

Englandbecameunifiedlateinthe15thcentury.OnBosworthField,in1485,HenryTudorputanendtothecivilstrifeoftheWarsoftheRosesandcrownedhimselfHenryVII.Forcefullybringingrecalcitrantnoblestoheel,hestrengthenedhisauthority.Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies,andrestrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol,whohadmonopolizedtrade.ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.But,beforethelatterleftSpain,theSpanishmonarchsexperiencedachangeofheartandsupportedthevoyagethatwastogiveSpainanempire.

Meanwhile,HenryVIInevergaveuphishopeofobtainingforEnglandashareoftherichEasterntrade.BritishmerchantsestablishedatradelinkwithIcelandabout1490.AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.AnItalian-bornnavigator,CabothadlivedinEnglandsince1484.Asayouth,hehadvisitedtheEast,andwhenhearrivedinLondonhehadalreadydecidedthatanall-waterroutecouldbefoundtothetradingcentersthere.HemayhavemadeafewtripstoIcelandbeforetheKingcommissionedhistrans-Atlanticvoyage.

InMayof1497,CabotleftBristolwithacrewof18and,afteravoyageof52daysacrosstheNorthAtlantic,landedonCapeBretonIslandandtookpossessionofthelandforHenryVII.Fromthere,heexploredseveralislandsintheGulfofSt.LawrenceandinAugustreturnedtoEnglandandthepraiseofHenryVII,whograntedhimnewletters-patent.WhenCabotsailedagain,in1498,hehadperhaps5or6ships,whosecrewstotaledsome300men.TheKingpersonallyfinancedasubstantialportionoftheexpedition'scost.Onhissecondvoyage,CabotprobablyexploredtheNorthAmericancoastfromNewfoundlandsouthtotheDelawareorChesapeakeBays.

HavingfailedtofindtheshoresofCathay(China)orCipango(Japan),theEnglishturnedintheoppositedirection.HenryⅦ’sson,HenryⅧ——betterknownforhismartialinvolvementandhisbreakwiththePope——enthusiasticallybegantobuild“afleetthelikeofwhichtheworldhasneverseen.”JohnCabot’sson,Sebastian,becamearenownednavigator.AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.HealsohelpedfoundthecompanyofMerchant-Adventurers,predecessoroftheMuscovyCompany,andbecameitspresidentforlife.

Thus,fornearlyacentury,England'sinterestwasdivertedfromtheNewWorldandherenergieswereconcentratedonthedevelopmentofacommercialempireandamerchantfleetthatbecamesecondtononeinEurope.ButJohnCabothadgivenEnglandaclaimtothenorthernshoresoftheNewWorld,andinthecourseoftimethe"seadogs"andotherEnglishmarinersweretobreathenewlifeintoit.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

3.TheauthorcitesColumbuschieflyto

（

）.

4.AccordingtothePassage,SebastianCabotandChristopherColumbus（

）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatHenryⅦ'sinterestinnavigationwaschiefly

（

）.

6.AccordingtothepassageHenryⅦ'spoliciesincludedallofthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

8.Forthepurposesofthispassage,theendofthewarsoftheRoseswasimportantchieflybecause

（

）.

9.Forthepurposesofthispassage,JohnCabot'sprincipalimportanceisthathe

（

）.

10.Accordingtothepassage,theinitialvoyagesofChristopherColumbusandJohnCabotweremotivatedchieflybyadesire（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recounttheCabots'contributionstoEngland'scommercialdevelopment.

B.demonstratethefar-sightednessoftheTudormonarchs.

C.explainEngland'searlyinvolvementwiththeNewWorld.

D.analyzethelate15thcenturycompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.HenryⅦfollowedhisfather'spolicyofrapidexplorationoftheNewWorld.

B.England'ssuperiormerchantfleetwasestablishedbeforeherinitialvoyagestotheNewWorld.

C.HenryⅧ’sfamerestsmainlyonhisestablishmentofacommercialempire.

D.SebastianCabotestablishedasea-landroutetoMoscowduringHenryVIII'sreign.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.EmphasizethecompetitionbetweenEnglandandSpain

B.illustratedthedisloyaltyofSpanishnavigators

C.demonstratethatEnglandtrailedherchiefrivalsinexploration

D.illustrateHenryⅦ'sinterestinpromotingcommerce

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.competedwitheachothertofindnewroutestotheNewWorld

B.discoveredcontinents

C.establishedtradingcompanies

D.workedforSpanishmonarchs

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.commercial

B.military

C.political

D.educational

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.financingofforeign-bornvoyagers

B.useofforceinsubduingEnglishnobles

C.encouragementofforeignmerchantsinEngland

D.formationoftradingcompanies

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Someearlyvoyagerswerewillingtoservewhateverkingwouldfinancetheirexpeditions.

B.HenryVIIwishedtoreachtheNewWorldbeforeSpaindid.

C.Mostearlyvoyagerswerenotwellcompensatedfortheirdiscoveries.

D.EnglishmonarchswerequicktorecognizetheimportanceofthediscoveryoftheNewWorld.

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.itestablishedtheTudordynastyinEngland

B.itbroughtabenevolentkingtotheEnglishthrone

C.itunitedEngland,Scotland,andWales

D.theensuingpeaceallowedcommercialdevelopment

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.establishedEngland'sclaimintheNewWorld

B.openednewcommercialroutestotheEast

C.gaveEnglandnavalsupremacyinEurope

D.provedthatall-waterroutestomajortradingcentersexisted

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.tofindaroutetoAsia

B.forpersonalgain

C.todiscovernewlands

D.toincreasetheirmonarchs'empires

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段介紹了亨利七世統(tǒng)治英格蘭期間當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)背景環(huán)境以及他注重商業(yè)發(fā)展、鼓勵(lì)海外貿(mào)易。亨利七世原本答應(yīng)支持哥倫布的航海計(jì)劃，但最終由西班牙君主資助；第二段介紹亨利七世授權(quán)約翰?卡伯特及其兒子跨越大西洋航行至亞洲以及約翰?卡伯特的簡(jiǎn)介；第三段介紹了約翰?卡伯特的航行為英國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的土地；第四段介紹了亨利八世和約翰?卡伯特的兒子的成就；最后一段介紹英國(guó)將注意力從發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸轉(zhuǎn)向發(fā)展為商業(yè)帝國(guó)。因此本文的主旨為約翰?卡伯特為英國(guó)航海及商業(yè)作出的貢獻(xiàn)，A選項(xiàng)“講述卡伯特對(duì)英國(guó)商業(yè)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.（在西班牙服務(wù)多年后，他回到英國(guó)，開(kāi)啟了通往莫斯科的海路航線）可知D選項(xiàng)“在亨利八世統(tǒng)治期間，塞巴斯蒂安?卡伯特建立了一條通往莫斯科的海陸航線”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.HeencouragedEnglishmerchantstoenterforeigntrade,supportedtheformationoftradingcompanies...HenryVIIagreedtofinancethevoyageandurgedColumbustocomeatoncetoEngland.（因此，亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促進(jìn)商業(yè)上。他鼓勵(lì)英國(guó)商人從事對(duì)外貿(mào)易，支持貿(mào)易公司的成立……亨利七世同意為這次航行提供資金，并敦促哥倫布立即來(lái)到英國(guó)）可知D選項(xiàng)“證明亨利七世對(duì)促進(jìn)商業(yè)貿(mào)易發(fā)展興趣”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的AfterservingSpainforanumberofyears,hereturnedtoEnglandandopenedthenorthernsea-landroutetoMoscow.（在西班牙服務(wù)多年后，他回到英國(guó)，開(kāi)啟了通往莫斯科的海路航線）可知塞巴斯蒂安?卡伯特以前也為西班牙君主服務(wù)，因此選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Henry,therefore,coulddevotehisattentiontothepromotionofcommerce.（因此，亨利可以把他的注意力集中在促進(jìn)商業(yè)上）可知作者認(rèn)為亨利七世對(duì)航海的興趣主要是商業(yè)方面的，因此選A。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的restrictedtheactivitiesoftheforeignmerchantsinLondonandBristol（限制外國(guó)商人在倫敦和布里斯托爾的活動(dòng)）可知C選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)在英國(guó)的外國(guó)商人”符合題意。

7.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.（哥倫布提議橫渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵達(dá)中國(guó)，當(dāng)沒(méi)有得到葡萄牙或西班牙國(guó)王的支持時(shí)，哥倫布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英國(guó)）可知A選項(xiàng)“早期的一些航行家愿意服務(wù)于任何給他們資助的國(guó)王”符合題意。

8.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Forthefirsttimeinnearlyacentury,thecountryhadstabilityingovernmentandaconsiderabledegreeofpeaceandprosperity.（近一個(gè)世紀(jì)來(lái)，這個(gè)國(guó)家首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了政府的穩(wěn)定和保持了相當(dāng)程度的和平與繁榮）可知D選項(xiàng)“隨之而來(lái)的和平使商業(yè)發(fā)展得以實(shí)現(xiàn)”符合題意。

9.推理判斷題。B選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)辟通往東方的新商業(yè)路線”與C選項(xiàng)“賦予英國(guó)海軍在歐洲的霸主地位”在文章中沒(méi)有提及到，故排除。A選項(xiàng)“確立了英國(guó)在新大陸的主權(quán)”與D選項(xiàng)“證明通往主要貿(mào)易中心的水路是存在的”都屬于JohnCabot的貢獻(xiàn)，但其最重要的貢獻(xiàn)是D選項(xiàng)。

10.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ColumbusevensenthisbrothertoEnglandwhenhefailedtoobtainsupportfromthePortugueseorSpanishKingsforhisproposalthatCathaycouldbereachedbysailingwestacrosstheAtlantic.（哥倫布提議橫渡大西洋向西航行就可以抵達(dá)中國(guó)，當(dāng)沒(méi)有得到葡萄牙或西班牙國(guó)王的支持時(shí)，哥倫布甚至把他的兄弟送到了英國(guó)）和第二段中的AndencouragedbynewsofColumbus'voyage,onMarch5,1496,HenryVIIgrantedletters-patenttothe"well-belovedJohnCabot"andhisthreesonstosailacrosstheAtlantictoAsia.（1496年3月5日，在哥倫布航海的消息的鼓舞下，亨利七世授予“深愛(ài)的約翰?卡伯特”和他的三個(gè)兒子跨越大西洋航行至亞洲）可知ChristopherColumbus和JohnCabot最初航行的目的是到達(dá)亞洲，因此選A。

3.翻譯題

Menliveinsocietynotbecausetheyaremen,butbecausetheyareanimals.Thesocialwayoflifeisastageintheevolutionoflifepriortotheappearanceofthehumanrace.

Whatisdistinctiveaboutmanisthathehaddevelopedsocialorganizationfarmorequicklythananyotheranimalspecies,sothatitisagiantstepincomplexitybetweenthemostelaboratenon-humansocietyandthemostelementarysocietyofmen.Humansocietysharescharacteristicswithanimalsocieties;itisformedbyagivenpopulationofindividuals,allbelongingtothesamespecies.Itshowsaninternalspecializationoftasks.Individualsinteractasmembersofthesamespeciesandpossessonecommonlanguagewhichsetsthemapartfromotherspecies.Thelevelofpopulationisperpetuatedbymeansofbiologicalreproductionandofconstantstruggleagainsttheenvironment.Similaritieslikethesebecameconspicuouswhenhumansocialorganizationiscomparedwiththatofotherprimates(靈長(zhǎng)目).

【答案】【參考譯文】人類生活在社會(huì)中不是因?yàn)樗麄兪侨?，而是因?yàn)樗麄兪莿?dòng)物。社會(huì)性的生活方式是生命進(jìn)化中一個(gè)先于人類出現(xiàn)的階段。

人類的獨(dú)特之處在于他發(fā)展社會(huì)組織的速度要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)快于任何其他動(dòng)物物種，所以在區(qū)分最復(fù)雜的非人類社會(huì)和最初級(jí)的人類社會(huì)之間的復(fù)雜性方面，這是一大的進(jìn)步。人類社會(huì)和動(dòng)物社會(huì)具有相同的特點(diǎn)，它是由屬于同一物種的特定數(shù)量的個(gè)體組成；它顯示了任務(wù)的內(nèi)部具體化過(guò)程。個(gè)體作為同一物種的一部分相互接觸，擁有著共同的語(yǔ)言，而正是這種語(yǔ)言將他們與其他物種區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)；通過(guò)生物繁衍和與環(huán)境的持續(xù)斗爭(zhēng)，人口數(shù)量基本保持不變。當(dāng)人類社會(huì)組織和其他靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物的社會(huì)組織作比較時(shí)，類似這樣的相同之處就變得明顯了。

4.單選題

SinceHelenismywife,itisdifficultformetobeobjectiveabouthertalent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impersonal

B.single-minded

C.overwhelmed

D.subjective

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impersonal“客觀的，非個(gè)人的”；B選項(xiàng)single-minded“專心的，純真的”；C選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“被壓倒的，被湮沒(méi)的”；D選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的，個(gè)人的”。句意：既然海倫是我的妻子，我很難客觀地評(píng)價(jià)她的才能。Objective“客觀的”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思更相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Betweenabout1910and1930,newartisticmovementsinEuropeanartweremakingthemselvesfeltintheUnitedStates.AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”(namedafteritsaddressontheFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.ButthemostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.

SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanlandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.Comparedwiththeworksoftherealistpainters,theworksofAmericanmodernistsweremuchfurtherremovedfromtheactualappearanceofthecity.Theyweremoreinterestedinthe“feel”ofthecity,moreconcernedwiththemeaningbehindappearance.However,boththepaintersofthe"AshCanSchool"andthelaterrealistswerestilltiedtonineteenthcenturyorearlierstyles,whiletheearlymodernistssharedintheinternationalbreakthroughsoftheartofthetwentiethcentury.

ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutionsincetheRenaissance.InCubismnaturalformswerebrokendownanalyticallyintogeometricshapes.Nolongerwasacleardifferentiationmadebetweenthefigureandthebackgroundofapainting.Theobjectsrepresentedandthesurfaceonwhichtheywerepaintedbecameone.TheCubistsabandonedtheconventionalsinglevantagepointoftheviewer,andobjectsdepictedfrommultipleviewpointswereshownatthesametime.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasameansthroughwhichAmericanartistslearnedaboutnewmovements?

3.WhydoestheauthormentionAlfredStieglitz?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasamajornewmovementinthetwentieth-centuryart?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwasafavoritesubjectforAmericanmodernists?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThedevelopmentofCubism.

B.ModemartmovementsintheUnitedStates.

C.ContemporaryartistsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theinfluenceofphotographyonlandscapepainters.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lessonsfromsuccessfulartists

B.Theexhibitionsatthegallery"291"

C.TripstoEurope

D.TheArmoryShowof1913

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Todemonstratethatphotographywasthemajorinfluenceinmodemart.

B.Tocomparehimtootherartistsofthetime.

C.Topointoutthatmanyartistslearnedtheircraftbystudyingwithhim.

D.Togiveanexampleofsomeonewhohadaninfluenceonmodernart.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Renaissance

B.Cubism

C.Therationaltradition.

D.Impressionism.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Portraitsoffamouspeople

B.Countryscenes

C.Citylandscapes

D.Picturesofbuildings’interiors

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了20世紀(jì)的美國(guó)藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“立體派的發(fā)展”主要體現(xiàn)在第三段中；文章沒(méi)有講當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家，故C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)代美國(guó)藝術(shù)家”不正確；D選項(xiàng)“攝影對(duì)風(fēng)景畫(huà)家的影響”在第二段中稍有提及，過(guò)于片面。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.ButthemostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork（美國(guó)藝術(shù)家在巴黎之行和攝影家AlfredStieglitz的著名紐約畫(huà)廊291的展覽中熟悉了新的藝術(shù)。但是在美國(guó)現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動(dòng)傳播中最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的軍械庫(kù)展覽）可知美國(guó)藝術(shù)家通過(guò)巴黎之行、291畫(huà)廊展覽和1913年的軍械庫(kù)展覽了解運(yùn)動(dòng)，只有A選項(xiàng)“成功藝術(shù)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)”沒(méi)有提及，因此選A。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.（美國(guó)藝術(shù)家在巴黎之行和攝影家AlfredStieglitz的著名紐約畫(huà)廊291的展覽中熟悉了新的藝術(shù)）可知此處是列舉幾個(gè)隊(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)有影響的例子，因此選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutionsincetheRenaissance.（其中最大的突破是1907年至1914年在法國(guó)發(fā)展充分的立體派，這引發(fā)了文藝復(fù)興以來(lái)的一場(chǎng)重大革命）可知選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanlandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.（幾個(gè)受軍械展影響的美國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義者發(fā)現(xiàn)了城市景觀是一個(gè)非常吸引人的話題，尤其是紐約）可知選C。

6.翻譯題

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone,holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.

Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifying(極其單調(diào)乏味的)qualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.

【答案】【參考譯文】休假比以前任何時(shí)候都更有必要，因?yàn)槿缃褚话闳说纳畈辉傧褚郧澳菢迂S富多彩，相反卻變得越來(lái)越單調(diào)乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我們現(xiàn)在的休假概念。當(dāng)然，某種方式的休息，歷來(lái)是人生節(jié)奏的一部分，但人類社會(huì)早期認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要像現(xiàn)代人那樣安排休假。那時(shí)的節(jié)日足已滿足人們的需要。

由于現(xiàn)代人生活越來(lái)越緊張，工作要求高，工作量大，因此在一年的日常工作中，休假變得越來(lái)越必要。休假已成為調(diào)節(jié)修整身心的必要手段。因此，在最任性放縱而生活節(jié)奏最緊張單調(diào)的美國(guó)，休假就成了家庭閑談的主要話題。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

隨著年歲的增長(zhǎng)，精力日減，效率漸低，作風(fēng)漸延：激情有失，理智有增?？磥?lái)，這樣的互易不可能總是得失相當(dāng)?shù)?。但是，一定的年齡總有一定的長(zhǎng)處。因此，可以告慰的是，即使你已度過(guò)了部分盛年，在未來(lái)的經(jīng)歷中，依然會(huì)有另一種盛年期的出現(xiàn)。某些重要的盛年期似乎在人生后期才達(dá)到頂峰。

原始人一旦由于周圍的許多令人愉快的情景而第一次開(kāi)口大笑了，又由于笑對(duì)周圍所產(chǎn)生的那些明顯的愉快的效果，笑就開(kāi)始具有了人類社會(huì)所特有的價(jià)值。具有用爽朗的笑聲來(lái)傳播愉快能力的人，開(kāi)始比他的較為嚴(yán)肅、古板的同事更能享受到社會(huì)的優(yōu)惠，從而使自己處于有利的地位。他成了個(gè)“善于交際的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推舉的人，受到社會(huì)的喜愛(ài)。

當(dāng)今的世界，即非絲綢之路的吋代，亦非馬可波羅(MarcoPolo)吋代。從上海去東京，只需兩個(gè)多小時(shí)。從中國(guó)區(qū)地球另一端的美國(guó)，也能在日歷的同一天到達(dá)。昔日遙遠(yuǎn)的地理距離，被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)一下縮短到令人難以置信的程度。這是人類文明的共同成果。

【答案】Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughnessandpassionforreason.Theseexchangesmaynotalwaysseemfair,butateveryage,therearesomeadvantages.Soitisreassuringtonotethatevenifyou’vepassedsomeofyour“primes”,youstillhaveotherprimeyearstoexperienceinthefuture.Itseemsthatsomeprimeperiodwillreachitspeaklaterinourlife.

Oncetheprimitivemenburstoutlaughingforthefirsttimebecauseofsomethingpleasantaroundthem,andthenthelaughbringstheobviouslypleasanteffectaround,thelaughhashadvaluethatthehumanbeingsisholding.Thepersonwhopossessestheabilitytospreadhappinessbybrightandclearlaughwillgetmoresocialbenefitsthanhisseriousandstuffycolleagues,whichgetshiminanadvantageousposition.Thushebecomesa“goodmixer”whoiscommendedbyothers,especiallygiftedsocially.

TheworldtodayisneithertheeraofSilkRoad,northeageofMarcoPolo.ItjusttakesabouttwohoursfromShanghaitoTokyo.Onthesamedayonthecalendar,youalsocanarriveintheUnitedStatesontheothersideoftheearthfromChina.Thefargeographicdistanceoftheolddayshasbeenshortenedtoanunbelievableextentbymodernscienceandtechnology.It’sthecommonachievementsbroughtaboutbytheprogressofhumancivilization.

8.單選題

Illicitloveistherootofmanydivorceactions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Unreal

B.Untrue

C.Unlawful

D.Loquacious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。illicit意為“法律不許可的，非法的”；unreal意為“假的，不真實(shí)的”；unlawful意為“非法的，違法的”；loquacious意為“話多的，健談的”。

句意：婚外情是許多離婚訴訟的根源。

9.翻譯題

Abstractionisanoldstorywiththephilosophers,butithasbeenlikeanewtoyinthehandsoftheartistsofourday.Whycan’twehaveanyonequalityofpoetrywechoosebyitself?Wecanhaveinthought.Thenitwillgohardifwecan’tinpractice.Ourlivesforit.

Granted,noonebutahumanistmuchcareshowsoundapoemisifitisonlyasound.Thesoundisthegoldintheore.Thenwewillhavethesoundoutaloneanddispensewiththeinessential.Wedotillwemakethediscoverythattheobjectinwritingpoetryistomakeallpoemssoundasdifferentaspossiblefromeachother.

Itshouldbeofthepleasureofapoemitselftotellhowitcan.Thefigureapoemmakes.Itbeginsindelightandendsinwisdom.Thefigureisthesameasforlove.Noonecanreallyholdthattheecstasyshouldbestaticandstandstillinoneplace.Itbeginsindelight,itinclinestotheimpulse,itassumesdirectionwiththefirstlinelaiddown,itrunsacourseofluckyevents,andendsinaclarificationoflife—notnecessarilyagreatclarification,suchassectsandcultsarefoundedon,butinamomentarystayagainstconfusion.Ithasdenouement.Ithasanoutcomethatthoughunforeseenwaspredestinedfromthefirstimageoftheoriginalmood—andindeedfromtheverymood.

【答案】【參考譯文】抽象對(duì)哲學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)已是輕車熟路，但對(duì)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家們卻還是比較陌生。為什么我們不能把詩(shī)本身的特質(zhì)抽象出來(lái)呢？我們可以意會(huì)這種特質(zhì)的存在，但是如果我們不能實(shí)際找出這種特質(zhì)，那么它是否存在可能就會(huì)成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題。我們的生命向往那種特質(zhì)。

如果詩(shī)真的只是一種音律，我們認(rèn)為只有古典文學(xué)愛(ài)好者才會(huì)關(guān)注它的完美。音律就像摻在礦石里的金子，我們只需把金子挑出，拋棄其他非必要之物。過(guò)去我們一直這樣認(rèn)識(shí)，直到發(fā)現(xiàn)寫詩(shī)的目標(biāo)竟然是盡量使得所有詩(shī)彼此不同。

如果一首詩(shī)本身能說(shuō)明它的形成過(guò)程，這將是非常愉快的。這就是一首詩(shī)的思路歷程：它從愉悅的激情開(kāi)始，以智慧的理性結(jié)束。這歷程同愛(ài)情一樣，沒(méi)有人能夠讓那種強(qiáng)烈的情感靜止于一點(diǎn)。它以愉悅的激情開(kāi)始，趨向狂熱的沖動(dòng)，追蹤著寫出第一行詩(shī)所設(shè)定的方向，經(jīng)歷一系列妙手偶得的過(guò)程，達(dá)到一個(gè)恬適寧?kù)o的人生境界。并不需要宗教儀式里的那種莊嚴(yán)偉大，只要能片刻脫離塵世的紛擾。它有一個(gè)結(jié)束，它的結(jié)束雖難以預(yù)料但卻已由其最初展現(xiàn)的心情注定，的確是完全由原來(lái)心情確定。

10.翻譯題

Asholidaysgo,Thanksgivingisinsomewaysthemostphilosophical.Todaywetrynottotakeforgrantedthethingswealmostalwaystakeforgranted.Wetry,ifonlyinthatbriefpausebeforetheeatingbegins,toseethroughthewell-wornpatternsofourlivestowhatliesbehindthem.Inotherwords,wetrytounderstandhowveryrichweare,whetherwefeelveryrichornot.TodayisoneofthefewtimesmostAmericansconsciouslysetdesireaside,ifonlybecausedesireisincompatiblewiththegratitude—nottomentiontheabundance—thatThanksgivingsummons.

ItistemptingtothinkthatoneThanksgivingisprettymuchlikeanother,exceptfordifferencesintheguestlistandtherecipes.Butitisn’ttrue.Thisisalwaysafeastaboutwherewearenow.Thanksgivingreflectsthecomplexionoftheyearwe’rein.Someyearsitfeelsbuoyant,almostjubilantinnature.OtheryearsitseemsmarkedbyaconspicuoushumilityuncommoninthecalendarofAmericanemotions.

Andthisyear?WewillprobablyrememberthisThanksgivingasabanquetofmixedemotions.Thisis,afterall,aprofoundlyAmericanholiday.Theundertowofbusinessasusualseemsespeciallystrongthisyear.Theshadowofawarandmisgivingsoverthefutureloomsinthemindsofmanyofus.MostyearsweenjoytheprivacyofThanksgiving,butthisyeartheholidayfeelslikeareminderforourselvesofwhatitmeanstobeAmerican.

Thatmeansgivingthanksforsomefundamentalprinciplesthatshouldbehonoredeverydayoftheyearinthelifeofthisnation—principlesofgenerosity,toleranceandinclusion.Thisisfeastthatnooneshouldbeturnedawayfrom.Thewelcomewefeelmakessenseonlyifwealsoextendittoothers.

【答案】【參考譯文】在眾多的假日中，感恩節(jié)可以說(shuō)是最令人深思的節(jié)日。今天我們會(huì)把平時(shí)習(xí)以為常的東面看得很珍貴。我們?cè)囍?，哪怕只是在吃飯前的片刻，去看透那一成不變的生活，悟出背后的道理。換句話說(shuō)，無(wú)論我們覺(jué)得自己是貧是富，我們總是盡力把自己看得十分富有。今天是大多數(shù)美國(guó)人有意識(shí)地把欲望放在一邊的為數(shù)不多的時(shí)刻之一，這至少是因?yàn)榻裉煳覀冇幸活w感恩的心，更不用說(shuō)還有一桌豐盛的菜肴，欲望此時(shí)光臨便顯得格格不入。

人們不禁會(huì)覺(jué)得，除了賓客不同，菜式翻新，感恩節(jié)還是年年依舊。其實(shí)不然，感恩節(jié)這一餐總是關(guān)乎到我們的處境，反映出一年的年景。有些年的感恩節(jié)我們心情愉悅，幾乎是喜氣洋洋，但有些年頭我們卻把感恩節(jié)過(guò)得相當(dāng)?shù)驼{(diào)，不敢驕傲，這并不是美國(guó)人慣有的情緒。

那么今年呢？日后若想起今年這個(gè)感恩節(jié)，我們也許會(huì)記得，這一餐吃得五味雜陳，這畢竟是一個(gè)深具美國(guó)特色的節(jié)慶之日。但一切如舊的現(xiàn)狀對(duì)美國(guó)人造成的影響在今年似乎特別大，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的陰影，對(duì)未來(lái)的擔(dān)憂，一直盤踞在我們?cè)S多人的腦海中。感恩節(jié)我們一般與至親好友在一起，感受那種其樂(lè)融融的氣氛，可是今年，我們似乎要借感恩節(jié)與國(guó)人一起重溫身為美國(guó)人的意義。

這就意味著，我們要為能有一些基本的原則而感恩，一些這個(gè)國(guó)家的生活中每日應(yīng)該尊崇的原則，也就是慷慨、容忍、包容的原則。所以這一餐應(yīng)該是來(lái)者不拒。我們感受的節(jié)日溫馨，只有與他人分享才有意義。

11.單選題

Internationalfinancialissuesaretypically（）bytheUnitedStatesmediabecausetheyaretootechnicaltomakesnappyheadlinesandtooinaccessibletopeoplewholackabackgroundineconomics.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.neglected

B.criticized

C.overrated

D.repudiated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)neglected“被忽視的”；B選項(xiàng)criticized“被批判的”；C選項(xiàng)overrated“被高估的”；D選項(xiàng)repudiated“被拒絕的”。句意：國(guó)際金融問(wèn)題通常被美國(guó)的媒體所（），因?yàn)檫@些問(wèn)題過(guò)于專業(yè)而不能給出一個(gè)生動(dòng)活潑的標(biāo)題來(lái)，而且是非常難于被缺乏經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)背景的讀者來(lái)理解。由too...to可知，國(guó)際金融問(wèn)題因?yàn)樘^(guò)專業(yè)而不好給出一個(gè)生動(dòng)活潑的標(biāo)題，所以空格應(yīng)填的選項(xiàng)是由于文章標(biāo)題而不能給出impressive的效果。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thefinalrecommendationwasthattheemployeeonprobation（

）aspecialnightclassforonesemester.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.hasattended

C.attends

D.attended

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示“建議、要求、命令”等意思的詞相關(guān)的從句謂語(yǔ)部分要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略，因此選A。

句意：最終的建議是試用期雇員一個(gè)學(xué)期參見(jiàn)一次特殊夜校學(xué)習(xí)。

13.翻譯題

FormanyChinesepeople,thebeginningof2011holdsthepromiseofafreshroundofeducationreforms,whichareexpectedtoboostthecountry’seducationqualitythroughincreasinggovernmentinvestment,narrowinggapsbetweenurbanandruralschools,achievinginternationallyacknowledgedhighereducationandreducingacademiccorruptionandbureaucracy.

Accordingtothelandmarkreformplan,governmentinvestmentwillincreasesteadilytosupporttheeducationsector,witheducationexpenditureamountingto4%ofGDPby2012.

Chinafirstpledgedtoincreaseitseducationspendingto4percentoftheGDPin1993,buthas,sofar,failedtoachievethetarget.Theplan,whichtookoneyearandninemonthstodrawupandinvitedpublicsubmissionontwoseparateoccasions,wasseenassettingthetoneforthedevelopmentofeducationsector,whichhaslongsufferedfromfundingshortageandunbalanceddevelopmentbetweenruralandurbanareas.

Thedevelopmentofeducation,rangingfrompreschooleducationtovocationaleducationinruralareas,willbeapriorityofthecountry’soveralldevelopmentprograms.

The22-chapterplansayspreschooleducationshouldbasicallybeuniversalby2020,andnine-yearcompulsoryeducationpolicyshouldbeconsolidated.Theenrolmentrateforseniormiddleschoolshouldbe90percentofschoolagechildren,whiletheenrolmentrateforhighereducationshouldbe40percentofhighschoolgraduates.

ThekeyforChinatobuildworld-leveluniversitiesliesinauthorizingtheeducators,studentsandsocietytoassessthequalityofeducation,allowingprofessorstoconductacademicresearchwithfullfreedomandempoweringstudentstoparticipateinuniversityadministration.

【答案】【參考譯文】對(duì)許多中國(guó)人而言，2011年初有望進(jìn)行新一輪教育改革，通過(guò)增加政府投資、縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距、取得國(guó)際承認(rèn)的高等教育、減少學(xué)術(shù)腐敗和官僚主義，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)的教育質(zhì)量的提高。

根據(jù)這個(gè)具有里程碑意義的改革計(jì)劃，政府支持教育部門的投資將會(huì)穩(wěn)步增加，到2012年，教育經(jīng)費(fèi)將總計(jì)達(dá)到國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之四。

中國(guó)在1993年首次承諾將教育經(jīng)費(fèi)增加至國(guó)內(nèi)成產(chǎn)總值的百分之四，但到目前為止還沒(méi)有達(dá)到該目標(biāo)。這個(gè)耗費(fèi)了一年又九個(gè)月時(shí)間來(lái)起草并在兩個(gè)單獨(dú)場(chǎng)合邀請(qǐng)公眾提供意見(jiàn)的計(jì)劃，被視為為長(zhǎng)期遭受資金短缺的城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不平衡的教育部門的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

農(nóng)村地區(qū)從學(xué)前教育到職業(yè)教育的教育發(fā)展將是我國(guó)整體發(fā)展規(guī)劃中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。

這個(gè)有二十二個(gè)章節(jié)的計(jì)劃稱，學(xué)前教育到2020年時(shí)應(yīng)該基本普及且九年義務(wù)教育政策應(yīng)該被鞏固。高中的升學(xué)率應(yīng)該是兒童的90%，而高等教育的升學(xué)率應(yīng)該是高中畢業(yè)生的40%。

中國(guó)建設(shè)世界級(jí)大學(xué)的關(guān)鍵在于授權(quán)教育工作者、學(xué)生和社會(huì)去評(píng)估教學(xué)質(zhì)量，允許教授自由進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)研究，允許學(xué)生參加大學(xué)的管理。

14.單選題

Hehadheardtheverybadnews;butwhenhespoke,he______hisremarkstoafewhintsthatsaleshadslipped.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.