2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號45

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-四川師范大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Inasudden______ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.

問題1選項

A.attack

B.burst

C.split

D.blast

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項attack“攻擊；抨擊；動手干”；B選項burst“爆炸；戳破；爆裂；（器官或血管）爆裂；裝滿；充滿感情；突然爆發(fā)（某種感情）”；C選項split“分離；使分離；劈開；離開；分解”；D選項blast“爆炸；損害；使枯萎”。根據(jù)固定搭配inasuddenburstofanger“突然爆發(fā)的憤怒”可知句意為：那人勃然大怒，把伸手可及的一切東西都撕碎了。因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Willyoulook______thiswordintheInternet?

問題1選項

A.on

B.into

C.up

D.forwardto

【答案】C

【解析】；窺視；瀏覽；看”；C選項lookup“仰望；查閱；尊敬；拜訪；改善”；D選項lookforwardto“盼望；期待；期盼；預(yù)期”。句意：你會在網(wǎng)上查閱這個單詞嗎？因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Theinsectthat______afinemistneatlyandquicklycannotbesimplypouredintoabottle.

問題1選項

A.spurs

B.sprays

C.squashes

D.spreads

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項spurs“鞭策；促進；策馬前進；緊貼主干剪短”；B選項sprays“噴；掃射”；C選項squashes“把……壓扁；擠進，塞入；壓制，抑制；打斷，制止；去除，粉碎；斷然拒絕；把……鎮(zhèn)住，使無言以對”；D選項spreads“傳播；伸展；散布；展開；鋪開”。句意：這種可快速均勻地噴灑成細霧的驅(qū)蟲劑并非是簡單地注入瓶中的。因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

Thereisanewtypeofsmalladvertisementbecomingincreasinglycommoninnewspaperclassifiedcolumns.Itissometimesplacedamong“situationsvacant”,althoughitdoesnotofferanyoneajob,andsometimesitappearsamong“situationswanted”,althoughitisnotplacedbysomeonelookingforajob,either.Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.

“Contactusbeforewritingyourapplication”,or“Makeuseofourlongexperienceinpreparingyourcurriculumvitaeorjobhistory”,ishowitisusuallyexpressed.Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.

Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.“Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams”,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.

Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.“Yoursearchisover.Iamthepersonyouarelookingfor”,wasawidelyusedtrickthatoccasionallysucceeded.Oritmightbesomespecialfeaturespeciallydesignedforthejobinterview.

Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.

1.Thenewtypeofadvertisementwhichisappearinginnewspapercolumns______.

2.Nowadaysademandforthisspecializedtypeofservicehasbeencreatedbecause______.

3.Inthepastitwasexpectedthatfirstjobhunterswould______.

4.Later,asonewentontoapplyformoreimportantjobs,onewasadvisedtoincludeintheletter______.

5.Thecurriculumvitaehasbecomesuchanimportantdocumentbecause______.

問題1選項

A.informsjobhuntersoftheopportunitiesavailable

B.promisestoofferusefuladvicetothoselookingforemployment

C.dividesavailablejobsintovarioustypes

D.informsemployersofthepeopleavailableforwork

問題2選項

A.thereisalackofjobsavailableforartisticpeople

B.therearesomanytopleveljobsavailable

C.therearesomanypeopleoutofwork

D.thejobhistoryisconsideredtobeaworkofart

問題3選項

A.writeaninitiallettergivingtheirlifehistory

B.passsomeexamsbeforeapplyingforajob

C.havenoqualificationsotherthanbeingabletoreadandwrite

D.keepanydetailedinformationuntiltheyobtainedaninterview

問題4選項

A.somethingthatwoulddistinguishonefromotherapplicants

B.hintedinformationaboutthepersonalityoftheapplicant

C.one’sadvantagesoverothersinapplyingforthejob

D.anoccasionaltrickwiththeaggressiveapproach

問題5選項

A.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofjobsadvertised

B.therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofapplicantswithdegrees

C.jobsarebecomingmuchmorecomplicatednowadays

D.theotherprocessesofapplyingforjobsaremorecomplicated

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段最后一句“Whatitdoesistoofferhelpinapplyingforajob.（它的作用是在求職時提供幫助。）”由此可知這種新型廣告主要是給那些找工作的人提供有用的信息，所以B選項“承諾給那些找工作的人提供有用的信息”說法正確。A選項“給求職者提供工作機會”；C選項“將現(xiàn)有的工作分為不同類型”；D選項“通知雇主可以工作的人”都與文章事實不符，因此B選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thegrowthandapparentsuccessofsuchaspecializedserviceis,ofcourse,areflectiononthecurrenthighlevelsofunemployment.Itisalsoanindicationofthegrowingimportanceofthecurriculumvitae(orjobhistory),withthesuggestionthatitmaynowqualifyasanartforminitsownright.當然，這種專門服務(wù)的增長和明顯的成功反映了目前的高失業(yè)率。這也表明了簡歷（或工作經(jīng)歷）越來越重要，因為它本身就可以稱得上是一種藝術(shù)形式”。由此可知對這種特殊類型的服務(wù)需求增多是因為失業(yè)人數(shù)的原因，所以C選項“有很多人失業(yè)”說法正確。A選項“藝術(shù)工作者缺少工作機會”；B選項“頂級工作數(shù)量增多”與文章事實不符；D選項“工作經(jīng)歷被認為是一件藝術(shù)品”文章雖然有提到，但不是這種特殊類型的服務(wù)需求增多的原因。因此C選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Therewasatimewhenjobseekerssimplywrotelettersofapplication.‘Justputdownyourname,address,ageandwhetheryouhavepassedanyexams’,wasabouttheaveragelevelofadviceofferedtoyoungpeopleapplyingfortheirfirstjobswhenIleftschool.Theletterwasreallyjustforopeners,itwasexplained,andeverythingelsecouldandshouldbesavedfortheinterview.”（曾經(jīng)有一段時間，求職者只寫求職信?！罢垖懴履男彰?、地址、年齡和是否通過了考試”，這是我離開學(xué)校時給申請第一份工作的年輕人提供的平均建議。他們解釋說，這封信實際上只是開個玩笑，其他一切都可以而且應(yīng)該留到面試時再寫）。由此可知在過去求職者會在求職信上面寫下詳細信息直到他們獲得面試，所以D選項“保留任何詳細的信息直到他們獲得面試”說法正確。A選項“寫一封說明他們生活歷史的信件”文章沒有提到；B選項“在申請工作之前通過一些考試”文章只提到在求職信上寫上自己是否通過了考試，并沒有提到求職者必須通過考試，故不選；C選項“除了能讀和寫之外沒有別的資格”說法錯誤，文章提到Andinthosedaysoffullemploymentthetechniqueworked.Theletterprovedthatyoucouldwriteandwereavailableforwork.Youreagerfaceandintelligentrepliesdidtherest.在那些充分就業(yè)的日子里，這種方法是有效的。這封信證明你能寫，也能去工作。你急切的表情和機智的回答將會完成面試的剩下部分。由此只會讀和寫并不能幫助你獲得工作，面試中的表現(xiàn)也很重要。因此D選項正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“Later,asyoumoveduptheladder,somethingslightlymoresophisticatedwascalledfor.Theadvicethenwastoputsomethingintheletterwhichwoulddistinguishyoufromtherest.Itmightbetheaggressiveapproach.（之后，當你申請更重要的工作時，就需要一些其他更稍微復(fù)雜些的能力。當時的建議是在信中寫些能使你和其他人區(qū)別開來的東西。這可能是一種咄咄逼人的方式。）”由此可知A選項“能讓你從其他申請者中脫穎而出的東西”說法正確。B選項“關(guān)于申請人性格的暗示信息”文章沒有提到；C選項“在申請這項工作方面比別人有優(yōu)勢”為本題干擾項，文中只提到建議在簡歷中寫一些和別人不一樣的地方，可以是很多方面，而不僅僅局限于工作方面，所以本題不選C選項；D選項“用侵略性方法偶爾耍花招”，文章只提到在信中寫些能使你和其他人區(qū)別開來的東西這一舉措可能是一種咄咄逼人的方式，并不是建議求職者在求職過程中用侵略性方法偶爾?；ㄕ?。因此A選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Thereisnodoubt,however,thatitisincreasingnumberofapplicantswithuniversityeducationatallpointsintheprocessofengagingstaffthathasledtothegreaterimportanceofthecurriculumvitae.（但是，毫無疑問，在申請工作的過程中具有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人數(shù)增加，使得簡歷更加重要。）”由此可知簡歷變得越來越重要的原因是因為高學(xué)歷申請人數(shù)量的增加，所以B選項“有學(xué)位的申請人數(shù)量有所增加”說法正確。A選項“招聘廣告的數(shù)量有所增加”；C選項“現(xiàn)在的工作變得越來越復(fù)雜”；D選項“其他的申請工作的過程更加復(fù)雜”都與文章事實不符，因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDr.NichollswrotetotheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomany:50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted.Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments:“WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility(多才多藝).”Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBNs3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks:“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Doesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin).

1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume_______

2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat_______

3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB_______.

4.Theauthorquotedafewentireinthelastparagraphto______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas______.

問題1選項

A.becauseitisnotworththeprice.

B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore.

C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection.

D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly.

問題2選項

A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollow.

B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.

C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors.

D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices.

問題3選項

A.becauseheescapedtotheU.S.

B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished

C.forreasonsnotclarified

D.becauseoftheeditors’mistake

問題4選項

A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB

B.giveemphasistohisargument

C.impressthereaderwithitscontent

D.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAges

問題5選項

A.complimentary

B.supportive

C.sarcastic

D.bitter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段開頭“Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.（人們?yōu)槭裁匆徺I不斷增補的《全國名人傳記辭典》的最新一卷？我并不是像那些評論家一樣認為這本辭典不好。但是，它的價格高達65英鎊，而且，你買了其他卷冊了嗎？你需要22卷基礎(chǔ)冊，加上每兩年出版的增訂卷，要買齊整套書就要買31冊。）”，由此可知這本辭典每兩年都要出增補卷，除非你全部都買了，否則購買最新一卷就沒有意義，所以C選項“除非你收藏了所有的書”正確。A選項“因為它不值這個價”也是原因之一，卻不是主要原因；B選項“相比之前的版本，它收錄的詞條更少”與原文意思不符；D選項“除非增訂版名人傳記縮短出版時間”在文章中沒有提及。因此C選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.（關(guān)于錄取誰的問題，這是讀者提出的問題，并且他們還將提出這樣的問題。）”；“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinterest...Crippenisout.（罪犯的入選讓人擔心……但是Crippen卻沒有當作值得一提的人物收錄其中）”；和第四段“ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.（令人驚訝的是，麥克斯?米勒被排除在名單之外，而這些名字實在不太容易記住。從中世紀開始，很多生平不詳?shù)乃囆g(shù)家和建筑師就有意識被收錄其中。）”，由此可知D選項“編輯在選錄人選上沒有合理的依據(jù)”正確。A選項“編輯們有明確的規(guī)則要遵守”文章沒有提到；B選項“條目中有太多的罪犯”說法錯誤，雖然文中有提到條目中有收錄罪犯，但那只是作者為了闡述編輯們選錄人選沒有依據(jù)的一個例子，所以B選項錯誤；C選項“編輯們顯然偏愛捐助者”可定位到文章第三段“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.（罪犯的入選讓人擔心，他們受到的關(guān)注不亞于捐助者。）”，此處是為了強調(diào)人們對罪犯入選的關(guān)注不亞于捐助者，并不是強調(diào)編輯們偏愛捐助者，C選項不符合題意，因此D選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).（約翰?格羅斯顯然也有類似的焦慮，因為他抱怨說，雖然兇手Christie上榜，但Crippen出局了。有人可能會回答說，絞死Evans而不是在失蹤人口的條目上的Christie是不公正的。但后來克里朋被認為是第一個被電報抓獲的殺人犯，他曾試圖乘船逃往美國。）”。作者舉出Crippen的例子，正是為了說明Crippen應(yīng)該被收錄進名人傳記，結(jié)果卻沒有，作者自己也沒有找出原因，因此C選項“原因不明”正確。A選項“因為他逃到了美國”說法錯誤，根據(jù)第三段最后一句話可知他只是試圖逃到美國，并沒有成功；B選項“因為死刑已被廢除”和D選項“因為編輯的錯誤”文章均未提到，因此C選項正確。

4.判斷推理題。作者在最后一段提到了辭典中包括的幾個生平不詳，而且是他認為被莫名其妙地收錄辭典的人，用以說明他在第四段提到的觀點，即編輯在收錄人選時沒有合理的依據(jù)。所以B選項“強調(diào)他的觀點”正確。A選項“舉例說明DNB的一些特征”不符合段意；C選項“打動讀者的內(nèi)容”和D選項“強調(diào)中世紀的人”都與文章意思不符，因此B選項正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。結(jié)合文章，可知作者全文都在批評名人傳記一書，如第一段作者說道“除非你全部都買了，否則購買最新一卷就沒有意義”，由此表示他覺得沒有必要購買此書；又如后面作者提到該辭典的編輯在收錄人選時沒有合理的依據(jù)等等，都在表示作者對該書充滿諷刺與批評。A選項“稱贊的”；B選項“支持的”；C選項“諷刺的”；D選項“充滿仇恨的”。由此可知C選項更符合題意。

6.單選題

Theotherday,IsawGrandpasittinginthegarden______themoonwhilemurmuringtohimself.

問題1選項

A.staringat

B.lookingat

C.glancingat

D.gazingat

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項stareat“凝視；盯著；目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看”；B選項lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”；C選項glanceat“掃視；瀏覽；匆匆一瞥”；D選項gazeat“盯住；凝視；注視；注目”。stareat表達的是好奇或無禮傲慢；glanceat表達的是匆忙；gazeat表達的是感慨、喜歡或驚奇。stareat和glanceat的動作維持的時間比較長；glanceat的動作維持時間非常的短。句意：有一天，我看見爺爺坐在花園里，凝視著月亮，喃喃自語。此處的凝視帶有濃厚的感情色彩，因此D選項正確。

7.翻譯題

這部長達103分鐘的紀錄片《穹頂之下》于2月28日登上中國各大視頻網(wǎng)站，它是由前央視記者柴靜自費拍攝制作。影片一經(jīng)發(fā)布就迅速引起公眾對于空氣污染的關(guān)注，也鼓勵了人們要有所行動。新任環(huán)保部長陳吉寧表示，他已經(jīng)聯(lián)系了柴靜并表達了感謝。在3月1日的新聞發(fā)布會上，他表示，保護環(huán)境從來不是環(huán)保部門的“個人行為”，歡迎人人貢獻出自己的一份力。與此同時，一些專家也提醒觀眾，在被視頻感動的同時，也要注意到片子也有其不足之處。

【答案】UndertheDome,a103-minutedocumentaryself-fundedbyformernewsanchorChaiJing,wasreleasedonvideo-sharingwebsitesinChinaonFeb28.Ithasrapidlypushedthepublicawarenessaboutairpollutionandencouragedpeopletojoinineffortstomakeadifference.ChenJining,newlyappointedministerofenvironmentalprotection,saidhehadcontactedChaitoexpresshisappreciation.“Protectingtheenvironmentisnevera‘personalaffair’ofenvironmentalauthorities.Wewelcomeeverybody’scontribution,”ChentoldthepressonMarch1st.Meanwhile,expertsremindmovedviewersofthefilm’slimitations.

8.單選題

Thosewho______energeticallyintothematterhaveprospectsoffindingothermoreconvenientsolutions.

問題1選項

A.wander

B.penetrate

C.concentrate

D.emphasize

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項wander“徘徊；漫步；迷路；離題”；B選項penetrate“滲透；穿透；洞察”；C選項concentrate“集中；濃縮；全神貫注；聚集”；D選項emphasize“強調(diào)，著重”。句意：那些積極鉆研這一問題的人有希望找到其他更方便的解決辦法。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Ifyouwanttoclarifythefact,youneedtwowitnessesto______thatthisisyoursignature.

問題1選項

A.notify

B.certify

C.assure

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項notify“通告，通知；公布”；B選項certify“證明；保證”；C選項assure“向……保證；使確定；保證；使相信”；D選項assume“設(shè)想；假定”。certify和assure都是及物動詞，但certify后一般接從句，assure后一般接人稱代詞，意為“向……保證”。句意：如果你想澄清事實，你需要兩個證人來證明這是你的簽名。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Veryfewpeopleunderstoodhislecture,thesubjectofwhichwasvery______.

問題1選項

A.dim

B.obscure

C.conspicuous

D.intelligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲觀的，懷疑的”；B選項obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的；晦澀的，不清楚的；隱蔽的；不著名的，無名的”；C選項conspicuous“顯著的；顯而易見的”；D選項intelligible“可理解的；明了的；僅能用智力了解的”。句意：很少有人聽懂他的演講，因為他的主題晦澀難懂。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeansnothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possibly,myLord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus_______

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen______

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means______

5.Accordingtotheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis______.

問題1選項

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問題3選項

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

問題4選項

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問題5選項

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolentmess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說道“Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences（在一些種族偏見十分嚴重的國家，暴力被理所當然地視為解決分歧的一種手段）”，接著第一段的后文中又提到“Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.（我們?nèi)匀粵]有認識到，暴力永遠解決不了問題，反而會使問題更加嚴重。）”，并且全文的基調(diào)都是反暴力的，由此可知該文主要說明了暴力無法消除種族偏見。A選項“崇尚暴力”；B選項“暴力無法消除種族偏見”；C選項“雙方重要人士都認為暴力是一種合法的解決方案”；D選項“人類的本能是對暴力的渴望”。因此B選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.（整個有記錄的人類歷史，那些冗長乏味的暴力記錄，沒有教會我們?nèi)魏螙|西。）”，由此可知那些歷史沒有教會我們?nèi)魏螙|西。A選項“暴力解決不了任何問題”；B選項“什么都沒有教會”；C選項“流血毫無意義”；D選項“所有事情”。因此B選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段的第一句話“Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正合理的人知道解決辦法在哪里，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越難得到聽證，他們被自己的同類所鄙視、不信任甚至迫害，因為他們提倡執(zhí)法等明顯令人憤慨的事情。）”。A選項“得不到聽證”；B選項“被輕視”；C選項“被迫害”；D選項“難以提倡執(zhí)法”。A、B、C選項出現(xiàn)的情況是由于真正明事理的人在推行執(zhí)法，由此可推斷出難以提倡執(zhí)法才是真正明事理的那些人面臨的主要問題。因此D選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（法官聽了一場冗長的辯論后抱怨說，經(jīng)過這么多的談話，他什么都沒有搞明白。）”。A選項“他根本不善于傾聽”；B選項“他一點也不比以前聰明”；C選項“他聽了之后沒有一點收獲”；D選項“他并不理解這場辯論”。nonethewise“不理解；不明白”；與makenosenseof意思相同，因此D選項正確。

5.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我們在法律框架內(nèi)工作，就總是可能有真正和持久的解決辦法。）”。A選項“執(zhí)法”；B選項“知識”；C選項“非暴力”；D選項“收拾暴力的爛攤子”。因此A選項正確。

12.單選題

Whileanucleardestructionwillneverbecome______,wecanhelptomakeitlessprobablybyadvisingthesuperpowerstochangetheirattitudes.

問題1選項

A.desperate

B.impossible

C.serious

D.inevitable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項desperate“不顧一切的；令人絕望的；極度渴望的”；B選項impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的；難以忍受的；不真實的”；C選項serious“嚴肅的，嚴重的；認真的；莊重的；危急的”；D選項inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：雖然核毀滅永遠無法避免，但我們可以建議超級大國改變態(tài)度，幫助降低這種毀滅的可能性。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.Supportersofrentcontrolarguethatitprotectspeoplewhoarelivinginapartments.Theirrentcannotincrease;therefore,theyarenotindangeroflosingtheirhomes.However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.

Sometheoristsarguethattheminimumwagelawcancauseproblemsinthesameway.Thefederalgovernmentsetstheminimumthatanemployermustpayworkers.Theminimumhelpspeoplewhogenerallylookforunskilled,low-payingjobs.However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Theprice,whichisthewagethatemployersmustpay,increases.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.Somepoorpeoplemayfindthemselveswithoutjobsinsteadofwithjobsattheminimumwage.

Supportersoftheminimumwagesaythatithelpspeoplekeeptheirdignity.Becauseofthelaw,workerscannotselltheirservicesforlessthantheminimum.Furthermore,employerscannotforceworkerstoacceptjobsatunfairwages.

Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif“otherthingsareequal”.

Economistsdonotagreeonsomeofthepredictions.Theyalsodonotagreeonthevalueofdifferentdecisions.Someeconomistssupportaparticulardecisionwhileotherscriticizeit.Economistsdoagree,however,thattherearenosimpleanswerstoeconomicquestions.

1.Thereisthepossibilitythatsettingmaximumrentmay______.

2.Accordingtothecritics,rentcontrol______.

3.Theproblemofunemploymentwillarise,______.

4.Thepassagetellsus______.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.causeashortageofapartments

B.worrythosewhorentapartmentsashomes

C.increasetheprofitsoflandlords

D.encouragelandlordstoinvestinbuildingapartment

問題2選項

A.willalwaysbenefitthosewhorentapartments

B.isunnecessary

C.willbringnegativeeffectsinthelongrun

D.isnecessaryunderallcircumstances

問題3選項

A.iftheminimumwageissettoohigh

B.iftheminimumwageissettoolow

C.iftheworkersareunskilled

D.ifthemaximumwageisset

問題4選項

A.therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemand

B.thepossibleresultsofgovernmentcontrols

C.thenecessityofgovernmentcontrol

D.theurgencyofgettingridofgovernmentcontrols

問題5選項

A.Theresultsofeconomicdecisionscannotalwaysbepredicted.

B.Minimumwagecannotalwaysprotectemployees.

C.Economictheorycanpredicttheresultsofeconomicdecisionsifotherfactorsarenotchanging.

D.Economicdecisionsshouldnotbebasedoneconomictheory.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.（房東們知道他們不能通過出租公寓來增加自己的利潤，因此他們會投資其他可以增加利潤的業(yè)務(wù)。他們不會投資新建筑，因為新建筑也會受到租金管制。因此，新建公寓減少，許多需要公寓的人找不到公寓來租。根據(jù)評論家的說法，租金管制的最終結(jié)果是城市的公寓短缺。）”由此可知租金管制最有可能的結(jié)果就是造成城市公寓短缺，所以A選項“造成公寓短缺”說法正確。B選項“使那些租公寓當房子的人發(fā)愁”文章雖然有提到，但其并不是租金管制的最終結(jié)果，故不選；C選項“增加房東的利潤”說法錯誤，文章提到租金管制會減少房東的利潤；D選項“鼓勵房東投資新公寓建造”說法錯誤，文中說到房東們并不會投資公寓，而是其他可以增加自己利潤的業(yè)務(wù)。因此A選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.（然而，批評者說，長期以來，租金控制可能會產(chǎn)生負面影響。）”由此可知C選項“從長遠來看會帶來負面影響”說法正確。A選項“將永遠有利于那些租房的人”；B選項“是不必要的”；D選項“在任何情況下都是必要的”都不符合文章事實，因此C選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers...Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.（然而，如果最低工資設(shè)置得很高，雇主可能會雇傭更少的工人……因此，批評人士聲稱，提高最低工資可能會導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。）”由此可知。如果最低工資設(shè)定得太高會導(dǎo)致失業(yè)問題的出現(xiàn)，所以A選項“如果最低工資設(shè)定得太高”說法正確。B選項“如果最低工資設(shè)定得太低”；C選項“如果工人不熟練”；D選項“如果設(shè)定了最高工資”都不符合文章事實，因此A選項正確。

4.判斷推理題。文章第一段說到政府設(shè)置房東可以收取的公寓最高租金，即租金管制可能會造成城市公寓短缺；第二段說到政府設(shè)置最低工資可能