高中英語選擇性必修一 2021 unit 3 教學(xué)·知識細(xì)解碼

．fascinatevt.迷?。晃?；使感興趣→fascinatingadj.極有吸引力的；迷人的2．a(chǎn)ccompanyvt.陪同；陪伴；伴隨；(尤指用鋼琴)為……伴奏→accompanyingadj.陪伴的；伴隨的3．a(chǎn)doptvt.采用；采??；采納vt.&vi.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)→adoptedadj.收養(yǎng)的；過繼的4.blessvt.祝?！鷅lessingn．祝福；賜福；恩賜1．buffetvt.連續(xù)猛擊；打來打去n．自助餐①Wewerebuffetedaboutduringtheroughboattrip. vt.連續(xù)猛擊；打來打去②Areyouhavingasit-downmealorabuffetatthewedding? n．自助餐2．edgen．邊；邊緣；邊線；刀刃vt.&vi.(使)徐徐移動；給……加油①Arowofboatswasbeachedatthewater'sedge. n．邊；邊緣②Hazelquietlyedgedhimawayfromtheothers. vt.使徐徐移動③Becarefulwiththatknife.It'sgotasharpedge. n．刀刃3．banvt.明令禁止；取締n．禁令①Thenewmilitarygovernmenthasbannedstrikesanddemonstrations. vt.明令禁止；取締②Thereisabanonsmokinginthetheatre. n.禁令4．a(chǎn)doptvt.采用；采??；采納vt.&vi.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)①M(fèi)anychildlesscouplesadoptchildren. vt.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)②Thepolicyhasnotyetbeenformallyadopted. vt.采用；采取；采納③MoreAmericansadoptfromChinathanfromanyothercountry. vi.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)1)buffetvt.連續(xù)猛擊；打來打去n.自助餐(教材P26)Iwakeuptothesoundofthewindbuffetingtheclothofmytent.風(fēng)噼里啪啦地拍打著我的帳篷，我在這聲音中醒來。[例1]Therunningbuffetisavailablefrom6p．m.to2a．m.自助餐從下午6點(diǎn)供應(yīng)到凌晨2點(diǎn)。[例2]Hewasbuffetedfromsidetoside.他被打得東倒西歪。[翻譯]之后，她請我們在員工餐廳吃了一頓簡單的自助午餐。Afterwards,sheinvitedusforasimplebuffetlunchintheirstaffcafeteria.[知識拓展](1)buffetsb./sth. 連續(xù)猛擊某人/物buffetone'sway 打開一條路(尤指在困難條件下)； (船)乘風(fēng)破浪(2)abuffetlunch 自助午餐[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Wewerebuffeted(buffet)bythewindandtherainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.②Couldyouprovidecoffeeandabuffetlunchatnoon?③Theshipbuffetedits(it)waythroughthewaves.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)2)edgen．邊；邊緣；邊線；刀刃vt.&vi.(使)徐徐移動；給……加邊(教材P26)Ileavemytentandwalkovertothemountainedge.我離開帳篷，走到山邊。[例1]Theclimbersedgedalongthecliff.攀登者沿著懸崖邊側(cè)身移動。[例2]Nickedgedhiswaythroughthecrowd.尼克擠過人群。[翻譯]他站在懸崖邊上。Hestoodattheedgeofthecliff．[知識拓展](1)edgetowards... 朝……緩慢移動edgealong... 沿……緩慢移動(2)onedge 豎著；直立著；緊張不安的attheedgeof 在……邊緣處[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Weslowlyedgedourwaytowardstheexit.②Neverhadshefeltsoonedgebeforeaninterview.③Soonwewereattheedgeofthewoods.eq\a\vs4\al(\o(知識要點(diǎn)3))banvt.明令禁止；取締n．禁令(教材P26)…andallnewdevelopmentisbannedwithinparkboundaries.……在公園范圍內(nèi)所有新的開發(fā)項目都被禁止。[例1]Britain'shealthexpertsarepushingforabanonallcigaretteadvertising.英國的健康專家正努力爭取取締任何形式的香煙廣告。[例2]Smokingisnowbannedinmanyplacesofwork.現(xiàn)在許多工作場所禁止吸煙。[翻譯]老師嚴(yán)禁他在課上講話。Theteacherbannedhimfromtalkinginclass.[知識拓展](1)ban(doing)sth. 禁止(做)某事bansb.fromdoingsth. 禁止某人做某事(2)abanon/againststh. 對某事的禁令place/put...underaban 禁止……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Thelawbansselling(sell)alcoholtothoseunder18inthecountry.②Theyarebannedfromswimming(swim)intheriver.③Thereisabanon/againstsmokinginallindoorpublicplaces.④Thenewrulehasput/placedsmokingunderaban.[名師點(diǎn)津]“禁止某人做某事”的表達(dá)：bansb.fromdoinghibitsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.fromdoingsth.forbidsb.todosth.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)4)visibleadj.看得見的；可見的(教材P26)Atthefarsideofthevalley,anancientSamicottageisvisible.在山谷的遠(yuǎn)處，可以看到一間古老的薩米人的小屋。[例1]Wecutthetreesdowntomakethelakevisiblefromthehouse.我們把樹砍倒，這樣從房子里就能看見湖了。[例2]Theseawasnowout,leavingthewreckfullyvisible.海水退卻了，沉船完全露了出來。[翻譯]她站在昏暗的光線里，半隱半現(xiàn)。Shestood,halfvisibleinthedimlight.[知識拓展]bevisibleto... ……能看見[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①這是一顆在天空中可見的星星。Itisavisiblestarinthesky.②里面的東西他們?nèi)伎吹靡?。Itscontentsarevisibletoallofthem.eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)5)(教材P26)Sincereindeerwerealwaysonthemove,theSamiwouldpickuptheirtentsandaccompanythem.由于馴鹿總是在移動，薩米人會收起他們的帳篷并陪伴它們。(1)onthemove在行進(jìn)中；在移動中[例1]Don'tjumpoffatrainwhenit'sonthemove.火車未停穩(wěn)時千萬別跳下去。[例2]Itwasseveralhoursbeforethetrafficcouldgetonthemove.過了好幾個小時交通才恢復(fù)通暢。[翻譯]有人說文明總是在進(jìn)步。Itissaidthatcivilizationisalwaysonthemove．[知識拓展]getamoveon 行動起來；趕快采取行動；采取緊 急措施getonthemove 開始移動；開始走動makeamove 走一步(棋)；離開；開始行動[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①我們最好在下雨之前趕快做。We'dbettergetamoveonbeforeitrains.②最后我使他也行動起來。AtlastIgothimonthemove．③我們下星期要搬家到這個城市來。We'llmakeamovetothecitynextweek.(2)accompanyvt.陪同；陪伴；伴隨；(尤指用鋼琴)為……伴奏[例1]Mayweaccompanyyouonyourwalk?我們陪你一起散步好嗎？[例2]Thunderoftenaccompanieslightning.雷聲常伴著閃電。[翻譯]他用吉他給我伴奏。Heaccompaniedmeattheguitar．[知識拓展]accompanysb.at/onsth. (尤指用鋼琴)為某人伴奏beaccompaniedby 由某人陪同；由……伴奏accompanysb.＝keeppany 陪伴某人accompanysb.tosomeplace 陪伴/陪同某人到某地[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Heaccompaniedhisfathertothehospitaltoseewhat'swrongwithhisstomach.②Icanaccompanyyouonthepianoifyouwanttosing.③Myneighborcametoaccompanymewhilemyparentswereout.＝Myneighborcametokeepmecompanywhilemyparentswereout.我鄰居在我父母外出時過來陪我。[小片段填空]Herfatheraccompaniedhertotheconcertandwhenshesangherfatheraccompaniedheronthepiano．Hersongsoundedwonderfulaccompaniedbythemusic.她父親陪她去音樂會，當(dāng)她唱歌時她父親為她鋼琴伴奏。在音樂的伴奏下她的歌聲聽起來優(yōu)美極了。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)沒有accompanysb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)accompany是及物動詞，其后無需用介詞。eq\a\vs4\al(知識要點(diǎn)6)adoptvt.采用；采??；采納vt.&vi.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)(教材P27)IamnotaSami,butinSarekI'veadoptedsomeoftheirhabits.我不是薩米人，但在沙雷克，我接受了他們的一些習(xí)慣。[例1]AftergoingtoFrancehesoonadoptedtheFrenchwayoflife.他去法國后,很快就接受了法國的生活方式。[例2]InnowayamIgoingtoadoptanyofhismethods.我絕對不會采納他的任何方法。[翻譯]我們一致同意采取新的教學(xué)方法。Weallagreeinadoptingthenewteachingmethod．[知識拓展](1)adopt...as... 選……作為……；收養(yǎng)……為……(2)adoptedadj. 被收養(yǎng)的；被采用的adoptionn. 采用；收養(yǎng)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①WehaveadoptedMr.Stevensasourcandidateatthenextelection.②Hewascheatedintobelievingthathewasanadopted(adopt)son.③Ifyoucannothavechildrenofyourown,whynotconsideradoption(adopt)?【名師點(diǎn)津】adapt與adopt僅有一個字母之差，要注意它們的含義的區(qū)別：adopt“采納；收養(yǎng)”，而adapt“(使)適應(yīng)；改編”。[小片段填空]Theyoungcouplehadnochildrenoftheirownandadoptedanorphan．Afterafewmonths,thechildcametoadapttohisnewlife．這對年輕夫婦沒有親生的孩子，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了一個孤兒。幾個月過后，這個孩子漸漸適應(yīng)了他的新生活。eq\a\vs4\al(\O(知識要點(diǎn)7))setout出發(fā)；啟程；(懷著目標(biāo))開始工作(教材P27)Afterbreakfast,Ipackmybagandsetoutagain.早飯后，我收拾好行李又出發(fā)了。[例1]Avisitorarrivedjustasweweresettingoutfortheairport.我們正要前往機(jī)場時來了一位客人。[例2]Hewillsetoutonajourneyearlyinthenextmorning.他明兒一早就動身。[翻譯]我們開始著手揭開謎團(tuán)背后的真相。Wesetouttofindthetruthbehindthemystery.[知識拓展]setout(todo...) 動身；起程；開始做setabout(doing...) 著手做setoff 出發(fā)；動身；使爆炸；引起setaside 留出；對……置之不理setdown 寫下；記下setup 建立；創(chuàng)立；安排[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①為了避開擁擠的交通，我早早就動身去公司了。Isetoff/outforthecompanyearlierinordertoavoidtheheavytraffic.②她每月都存一點(diǎn)兒錢。Shesetsasideabitofmoneyeverymonth.③她一回到家就開始打掃房間。Themomentshearrivedhome,shesetaboutcleaning/setouttocleanthehouse．④他被要求根據(jù)記憶把事實(shí)寫下來。Hewasaskedtosetdownthefactsjustasherememberedthem.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(教材P26)Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining,tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.即使陽光燦爛，也無法分辨是早晨還是夜晚。句式分析：句中whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作動詞tell的賓語。[例1]Idon'tknowwhetherI'llgettheannualbonusthisyear.我不知道是否今年我能拿到年終獎。[例2]Johnisnotsurewhetherhe'llcatchthelastbus.約翰不確定他能否趕上最晚的一班公交車。[翻譯]你來不來我不感興趣。Iamnotinterestedinwhetheryou'llcomeornot．[知識拓展](1)whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句還可以用作主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等。(2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時用whether或if的區(qū)別：whether可以直接和ornot連用，if不可以；引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語從句，用whether不用if；引導(dǎo)表語從句、同位語從句，用whether不用if；動詞不定式之前用whether不用if。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①所以，在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)將取決于這個問題能否得到解決。Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved．②她拿不準(zhǔn)是否應(yīng)該接受他的好意。Shewasuncertainaboutwhethersheshouldaccepthisoffer．③他是否能成功地通過駕駛考試還不確定。Itisuncertainwhetherhe'llsucceedinpassingthedrivingtestornot.④問題是電影是否值得看。Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing．eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語(教材P26)Checkingmywatch,Iseethatitis7：30a．m.我看了看表，現(xiàn)在是早上七點(diǎn)半。句式分析：句中Checkingmywatch為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。[例1]Workinghard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奮一點(diǎn)，你就會成功。[例2]Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.他一聽到這個好消息，就高興地跳起來。[翻譯]那些旅行者們聚在篝火周圍和當(dāng)?shù)厝艘黄鹛?。Gatheringaroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.[知識拓展]現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可作時間、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果狀語，還可以作伴隨狀語，表示伴隨情況，所表示的動作與謂語同時發(fā)生，且與句子的主語是主動關(guān)系。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Thepooroldmandied,leaving(leave)nothingtohischildren.②Shelayinbedstaring(stare)atthelastleafonthetree.③看到那些畫，她想起了自己的童年。Whenshesawthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.＝Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.④由于生病，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。Ashewasill,hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday＝Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式3)完全倒裝(教材P26)FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople,whomadethisterritorytheirhome.跟隨著馴鹿步伐的是薩米人，薩米人把這片土地當(dāng)作他們的家園。句式分析：句中FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople為完全倒裝句。正常語序為theSamipeoplewerefollowingthereindeer。[例1]Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.一個古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。[例2]Tobecarefullyconsideredarethefollowingquestions.下列問題要仔細(xì)考慮。[翻譯]站在桌旁的是他的妻子。Standingbesidethetablewashiswife.[知識拓展]需要完全倒裝的情況：(1)表示方向、地點(diǎn)和時間的副詞in,out,down,up,off,back,away,over,there,now,then,here等位于句首，若主語是名詞而不是代詞時，要全部倒裝。(2)表示地點(diǎn)、時間、方向等的介詞短語放在句首時，常見的介詞有：among,between,in,at,beneath等。(3)“表語＋系動詞＋主語”結(jié)構(gòu)中。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Goneare(be)thedayswhenwelivedapoorlife.②Amongtheguestsis(be)thepersonyouarelookingfor.③大衛(wèi)走進(jìn)了黑暗的房間，當(dāng)大家喊生日快樂時，他感到很驚訝。IntothedarkroomwalkedDavid,whowasquitesurprisedwheneveryoneshoutedHappyBirthday.④接著跑出來一群狗。Thenoutrushedapackofdogs.[名師點(diǎn)津]在(1)和(2)前兩類完全倒裝中，若主語為人稱代詞，則不需要倒裝。Thedooropenedandinhecame.門開了，他走了進(jìn)來。1．Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining,tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.[分析]本句是復(fù)合句。eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，主句的主語為tellingwhetheritismorningornight，其中whetheritismorningornight為賓語從句。[譯文]即使陽光燦爛，也無法分辨是早晨還是夜晚。2．FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople,whomadethisterritorytheirhome.[分析]本句是復(fù)合句。FollowingthereindeerweretheSamipeople為倒裝句，正常語序為theSamipeoplewerefollowingthereindeer；后面是who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞theSamipeople，其中madethisterritorytheirhome為“make＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。[譯文]跟隨著馴鹿步伐的是薩米人，薩米人把這片土地當(dāng)作他們的家園。教材高考1.Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining,tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.2.Checkingmywatch,Iseethatitis7：30a．m.(2019·北京卷)Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.3.Ileavemytentandwalkovertothemountainedge.(2019·浙江卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththatgivesofflightinthedark.4.Atthefarsideofthevalley,anancientSamicottageisvisible.(2018·浙江卷)“TheMagicMountain”inaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors,notelephonesortelevisionsintherooms,andlittletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.5.IamnotaSami,butinSarekI'veadoptedsomeoftheirhabits.(2019·天津卷)I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thereistobeatotalbanonparking(park)inthisstreet.2．Theyfoundabacteriumvisibletothehumaneye.3．It'sdifficulttocontactherbecauseshe'salwaysonthemove.4．Thepresidentappeared,accompanied(accompany)bysixstrongbodyguards.5．Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadopting(adopt)adogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.6．Wesetouttofind(find)thetruthbehindthemystery.7．It'snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreementthroughcommunicationornot.8．Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeeling(feel)sorryformyself.9．ATVcanbearealblessing(bless)foroldpeople.10．Amongthemare