2022年浙江省紹興市高二下學(xué)期期末調(diào)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題

2021-2022學(xué)年浙江省紹興市高二下學(xué)期期末調(diào)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題本試卷分第一卷（選擇題）、第二卷（非選擇題），滿分150分，考試時(shí)間為120分鐘。所有題目的答案都必須寫(xiě)在答題卷上。第I卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2.5分，滿分25分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AEASTORANGE,N.J.(CBSNewYork)—Athirdgraderwhoknewwhattodoinanemergencyandtookactionisbeingcreditedwithsavingalifeatschool.KoriScott,9,washonoredThursdaybythemayorofEastOrange,NewJerseyforherquick-thinkingandbraverywhenafriendbeganchokinginthelunchroomabouttwoweeksago.“Icouldjusttell,becausewhenIsawherstartingtoswallow,shestoppedandstartedpoundingonthetable,”shetoldCBS2’sClarkFouraker.ScottsaidherfriendwaseatingaburritoandleftthecafeteriaatBowserElementarylookingforwater.“IstartedfollowingherandwhenIcameout,shewasholdingontoarail,”shesaid.Itwouldbeanurgentsituationforanyone,butScottrememberedsomethingimportantassheleftthelunchroom—herfriendwouldnotbeabletotakeadrinkofwater,becauseshewaschoking.“Iknewifshewasholdingontotherailingandshewenttoleanherheadover,shewouldhavehitherheadandshewouldhavepassedout,”shesaid.“SoIpulledherover,didtheHeimlichmaneuver—one,two,three.ButIdiditonemoretimetomakesurethatshewasn’tchoking.”“Ipickedherupfromschool.Theteachercameoutnear-tearsandshewaslike‘Korididanexceptionaljob,anamazingjobtoday.’AndIwaslike,‘What?’Shesaid,‘shesavedalife.’”Scott’smother,Kiana,said.ScottlearnedtodotheHeimlichafterherfatherperformeditonherwhenshewasthree.“Kori’ssmartinstincts(直覺(jué))andquickactionarethecharacteristicsofatruehero,”saidMayorTedGreen.Forherbravery,themayorismakingScott“Mayor-For-The-Day”onFriday.Herfriendmaynotbealivetodayifthegirlhadn’tknownexactlywhattodoandsprungintoaction.InadditiontolearningtheHeimlichmaneuverfromherfather,Korihasbeentrainingclasseswithhermother,asecurityguardwiththeschooldistrict.1.WhatdoweknowaboutKoriScott?A.Sheiscarefulandquick-minded.B.SheperformedHeimlichmaneuverbefore.C.Shereceivedfirstaidtrainingfromhermother.D.Shepanickedatthesightofherfriend’schoking.2.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Father’spreviousperformanceguaranteedScott’ssuccess.B.First-aidtechniquesenabledScotttoescapefromdanger.C.TheteacherwassatisfiedwithScott’sheroicdeeds.D.Scottwashonoredforsavingherchokingfriend.3.Whatisthetext?A.Ashortstory. B.Aresearchpaper.C.Anewsreport. D.Acourseadvertisement.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是一名三年級(jí)學(xué)生KoriScott因用海姆利克氏急救法在學(xué)校挽救了一條生命而受到表?yè)P(yáng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Icouldjusttell,becausewhenIsawherstartingtoswallow,shestoppedandstartedpoundingonthetable(我能看出來(lái)，因?yàn)楫?dāng)我看到她開(kāi)始吞咽的時(shí)候，她停了下來(lái)，開(kāi)始拍桌子)”可知，她很細(xì)心；根據(jù)第四段的“SoIpulledherover,didtheHeimlichmaneuver—one,two,three.ButIdiditonemoretimetomakesurethatshewasn’tchoking.(所以我把她拉到路邊，做了海姆利克急救法——一、二、三。但我又做了一次，以確保她沒(méi)有窒息。)”以及第二段的“herquick-thinking(她的機(jī)智)”可知，她反應(yīng)很迅速，因此她是細(xì)心而機(jī)敏的。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的“KoriScott,9,washonoredThursdaybythemayorofEastOrange,NewJerseyforherquick-thinkingandbraverywhenafriendbeganchokinginthelunchroomabouttwoweeksago.(大約兩周前，9歲的科里·斯科特的一位朋友在餐廳里噎住了，她的機(jī)智和勇敢被新澤西州東奧蘭奇市市長(zhǎng)授予了榮譽(yù)。)”可知，本文主要講的是一名三年級(jí)學(xué)生KoriScott因用海姆利克氏急救法在學(xué)校挽救了一條生命而受到表?yè)P(yáng)，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“EASTORANGE,N.J.(CBSNewYork)—Athirdgraderwhoknewwhattodoinanemergencyandtookactionisbeingcreditedwithsavingalifeatschool.(東奧蘭治，新澤西州(CBS紐約)——一名知道在緊急情況下該做什么并采取行動(dòng)的三年級(jí)學(xué)生因在學(xué)校挽救了一條生命而受到表?yè)P(yáng)。)”和第二段“KoriScott,9,washonoredThursdaybythemayorofEastOrange,NewJerseyforherquick-thinkingandbraverywhenafriendbeganchokinginthelunchroomabouttwoweeksago.(大約兩周前，9歲的科里·斯科特的一位朋友在餐廳里噎住了，她的機(jī)智和勇敢被新澤西州東奧蘭奇市市長(zhǎng)授予了榮譽(yù)。)”推知，本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，故選C。BWeliveinatimewhenrobotsentertain,teachandsurpriseus.Justassmartphonesandsocialmediaofferaconnectivitybeyondanythingweimagined,robotsarebeginningtoofferphysicalcapabilitiesandartificialintelligence(AI)beyondourexpectations.Together,thesetechnologiescouldbeusedtohelpsolveimportantchallengeslikeageingsocieties,environmentalthreatsandglobalconflicts.ButmanyofuswonderwhetherAIwillbecomesointelligentinhumancommunicationthattheboundariesbetweenhumanandartificialbeingswillblur.Ifitispossibletobuildameaningfulinteractionwithanartificialagent,willtherestillbeadivisionintherelationshipswehavewithpeopleandtechnology?Also,onceourhumanbodiesandmindsareenhancedwithAIandrobotics,whatwillitmeantobe“human”?Fromanengineeringperspective,theseadvancedcapabilitiesarestillveryfaraway.Anumberofhurdlesneedtobeovercome.Fornow,robotsandcomputersarecompletelydependentonapowersource—theyrequirealotofelectricity,andthiscomplicatesintegratingroboticelementswithhumanorganictissue.Anotherhurdleisthecomplexityofhumancommunication.Whileaone-offnaturallanguageconversationinaspecificcontextwitharobotcanfeelrealistic,engagingpeopleverballyandnon-verballyovermanycontextsisquiteanothermatter.Forexample,whenyoucallanartificiallost-and-foundagentatanairport,apleasantconversationispossiblebecausethereareonlyalimitednumberofgoalsthecallerhas.However,increatingamoreextendedrelationship,forexample,witharoboticpet,therobotneedstohaveinternalgoals,anextensivememorythatrelatesexperiencestovariouscontexts,anditneedstodevelopthesecapabilitiesovertime.Throughsmart“tricks”,arobotcanseemmoreintelligentandcapablethanitis.Humanshavethetendencyto“makesense”oftherobot’sbehaviorsinahumanway.However,inordertosustainameaningfulrelationshipwhichdeepensandevolvesovertime,anextensiveartificialinnerlifewillneedtobecreated.4.Whatisthemessageconveyedinparagraph2?A.AItechnologyisundergoingunexpectedreforms.B.Humanscan’tbuildameaningfulinteractionwithrobots.C.Peopledoubtwhetherartificialbeingscanreplacehumans.D.SocialproblemsmaybesolvedwiththedevelopmentofAI.5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAIfromparagraphs3—4?A.GapsexistbetweentechnologyandadvancedAIcapabilities.B.Itisimpossibletomakearealisticconversationwitharobot.C.Robotpetshaveamemorylinkedtopreviousexperiences.D.Futurerobotscanoperatewithoutelectricity.6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Robot’sBehaviorsAreWorthyofBeingUnderstoodB.VariousFactorsRestrictExpansionofAICapabilitiesC.HighTechnologiesFacilitatetheMan-machineInteractionD.ArtificialInnerLifeNeedsExtendingforSustainableHuman-RobotRelations【答案】4.C5.A6.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了機(jī)器人開(kāi)始提供超出我們預(yù)期的物理能力和人工智能，但是人工智能能否取代人類仍然存在疑問(wèn)。文章說(shuō)明了其中存在的障礙，指出人為的內(nèi)在生命需要擴(kuò)展以維持人機(jī)關(guān)系?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ButmanyofuswonderwhetherAIwillbecomesointelligentinhumancommunicationthattheboundariesbetweenhumanandartificialbeingswillblur.Ifitispossibletobuildameaningfulinteractionwithanartificialagent,willtherestillbeadivisionintherelationshipswehavewithpeopleandtechnology?Also,onceourhumanbodiesandmindsareenhancedwithAIandrobotics,whatwillitmeantobe“human”?(但我們很多人都想知道，人工智能是否會(huì)在與人交流時(shí)變得如此智能，以至于人與人工之間的界限變得模糊。如果有可能與人工代理建立有意義的互動(dòng)，那么我們與人與技術(shù)的關(guān)系還會(huì)有分歧嗎？此外，一旦我們的身體和大腦被人工智能和機(jī)器人技術(shù)增強(qiáng)，“人類”將意味著什么？)”可知，第2段所傳達(dá)的信息是人們懷疑人工生命是否能取代人類。故選C。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Anumberofhurdlesneedtobeovercome.Fornow,robotsandcomputersarecompletelydependentonapowersource—theyrequirealotofelectricity,andthiscomplicatesintegratingroboticelementswithhumanorganictissue.Anotherhurdleisthecomplexityofhumancommunication.Whileaone-offnaturallanguageconversationinaspecificcontextwitharobotcanfeelrealistic,engagingpeopleverballyandnon-verballyovermanycontextsisquiteanothermatter.(還有許多障礙需要克服。目前，機(jī)器人和計(jì)算機(jī)完全依賴于電源——它們需要大量的電力，這使得機(jī)器人與人體有機(jī)組織的集成變得復(fù)雜。另一個(gè)障礙是人類交流的復(fù)雜性。與機(jī)器人在特定環(huán)境下進(jìn)行一次性的自然語(yǔ)言對(duì)話可能會(huì)讓人感到真實(shí)，但讓人們?cè)诙喾N環(huán)境下進(jìn)行口頭或非口頭交流則是另一回事)”以及第四段中“However,increatingamoreextendedrelationship,forexample,witharoboticpet,therobotneedstohaveinternalgoals,anextensivememorythatrelatesexperiencestovariouscontexts,anditneedstodevelopthesecapabilitiesovertime.(然而，在創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更廣泛的關(guān)系時(shí)，例如，與一個(gè)機(jī)器人寵物，機(jī)器人需要有內(nèi)部目標(biāo)，一個(gè)廣泛的記憶，將經(jīng)驗(yàn)聯(lián)系到各種環(huán)境，它需要隨著時(shí)間的推移發(fā)展這些能力)”可推知，技術(shù)和先進(jìn)的人工智能能力之間存在差距。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,inordertosustainameaningfulrelationshipwhichdeepensandevolvesovertime,anextensiveartificialinnerlifewillneedtobecreated.(然而，為了維持一段隨著時(shí)間推移而加深和發(fā)展的有意義的關(guān)系，需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一個(gè)廣泛的人工內(nèi)在生命)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了機(jī)器人開(kāi)始提供超出我們預(yù)期的物理能力和人工智能，但是人工智能能否取代人類仍然存在疑問(wèn)。文章說(shuō)明了其中存在的障礙，指出人為的內(nèi)在生命需要擴(kuò)展以維持人機(jī)關(guān)系。可知，D選項(xiàng)“人為的內(nèi)在生命需要擴(kuò)展以維持人機(jī)關(guān)系”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。CThemajorityofpeopleareunabletocommittoahealthylong-termlifestyle—althoughtheyaresomehowwillingto!Thereseemstobeaparadoxhere.Webecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofleadingahealthylifestyleonaregularbasis.Yet,wejustdon’tmanageto.Wemayengageinavarietyofshort-termprojects:1-weekdetoxretreatsor1-monthseverediets.Butthebenefitstheseshort-termactivitiesproducearequicklylostaswearedraggedbacktoour“bad”habitsinthelonger-term.Theinabilitytosticktoahealthylifestylemakesusfeelfrustratedandunhealthy.Whatisthewayoutthen?Thefirststepistounderstandtheproblemmoredeeply:Whatarethemainobstaclesofpursuingahealthylifestyle?Whicharethefundamentalaspectstoahealthylifestyle?Howaretheyinterconnected?Ifweunderstandtheproblemanditscomponentsmoredeeply,weareonestepclosertocomingupwithasolution.Surveysshowhowin85%ofcasesintheUSandEurope,themainobstaclestopursuingahealthylifestylearetobefoundamonglackofawareness,time,self-controlandguidelines.“Humanstendtoheavilydiscountthefuture,meaningthingsthatwehavenowaremorevaluabletousthanthingswe’llhaveinafewyears.”saidA.Braunin2019.Forthisreason,wecannotcorrectlyweighthecostsandconsequencesofchoosingunhealthyhabitstoday,andwetendtogiveintoshort-termpleasures,althoughthismeansreducinglonger-termbenefits.Wedeliberatelychoosetoexperienceandenjoyshort-termpleasure,mainlybecauseofastressconditionwemayhave,orbecauseofpersonality.Theunderlyingreasonforthesebehaviorsisprimarilystress,asneurosciencediscoveriesinfactsuggest,“Ingeneral,stressresultsinhabitbehaviorinhumans,sodealingfirstandforemostwithstressisprobablyadvisablewhenyouarelookingtomakelastingchanges.Luckily,yourbraincanchangethroughoutlife.Decreasingstresscouldfinallyhelpyourbrainbecomelesseasilyinfluencedbyhabit.”7.Whydopeopleengageinvariousshort-termprojects?A.Todeleteabadhabit. B.Tokeephealthyinlifestyle.C.Togoonaseverediet. D.Tosolvetheparadox.8.Whatistheobstacleofpursuingahealthylifestyle?A.Lackingenoughself-discipline. B.Gainingnorewardfromworkingout.C.Havingnomotivewhenmakingschedules. D.Relyingontoomuchguidancefromothers.9.ByquotingA.Braun’swordsinparagraph5,theauthorwantsto.A.highlighttheassociationbetweenhabitsandlifestyleB.stressthelong-termvalueofadoptinghealthyhabitsC.showatrendofpursuinglong-termpleasuresD.conveypeople’scommitmenttoahealthylifestyle10.Whatcanwelearnaboutneurosciencediscoveries?A.Changingbrainactivitieshelpsdecreasestress.B.Personalitycontributestoone’sshort-termpleasure.C.People’shabitbehaviortendstodominatetheiremotions.D.Reducingstressisthekeytostickingtoahealthylifestyle.【答案】7.B8.A9.B10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了大多數(shù)人無(wú)法致力于一種健康的長(zhǎng)期生活方式的原因以及解決方案?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Webecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofleadingahealthylifestyleonaregularbasis.Yet,wejustdon’tmanageto.Wemayengageinavarietyofshort-termprojects:1-weekdetoxretreatsor1-monthseverediets.(我們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到定期保持健康生活方式的重要性。然而，我們就是無(wú)法做到這一點(diǎn)。我們可能會(huì)參與各種各樣的短期項(xiàng)目：1周的排毒休養(yǎng)或1個(gè)月的嚴(yán)格飲食)”可知，人們從事各種短期項(xiàng)目是為了保持健康的生活方式。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Surveysshowhowin85%ofcasesintheUSandEurope,themainobstaclestopursuingahealthylifestylearetobefoundamonglackofawareness,time,self-controlandguidelines.(調(diào)查顯示，在美國(guó)和歐洲，85%的情況下，追求健康生活方式的主要障礙是缺乏意識(shí)、時(shí)間、自制力和指導(dǎo)方針)”可知，追求健康生活方式的障礙是缺乏自律。故選A。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段““Humanstendtoheavilydiscountthefuture,meaningthingsthatwehavenowaremorevaluabletousthanthingswe’llhaveinafewyears.”saidA.Braunin2019.Forthisreason,wecannotcorrectlyweighthecostsandconsequencesofchoosingunhealthyhabitstoday,andwetendtogiveintoshort-termpleasures,althoughthismeansreducinglonger-termbenefits.(“人類傾向于嚴(yán)重低估未來(lái)，這意味著我們現(xiàn)在擁有的東西比幾年后我們將擁有的東西更有價(jià)值，A.Braun在2019年說(shuō)。出于這個(gè)原因，我們不能正確地衡量今天選擇不健康習(xí)慣的代價(jià)和后果，我們傾向于屈服于短期的快樂(lè)，盡管這意味著減少長(zhǎng)期的好處)”推知，通過(guò)在第5段引用A.Braun的話，作者想強(qiáng)調(diào)養(yǎng)成健康習(xí)慣的長(zhǎng)期價(jià)值。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theunderlyingreasonforthesebehaviorsisprimarilystress,asneurosciencediscoveriesinfactsuggest,“Ingeneral,stressresultsinhabitbehaviorinhumans,sodealingfirstandforemostwithstressisprobablyadvisablewhenyouarelookingtomakelastingchanges.”(這些行為的潛在原因主要是壓力，正如神經(jīng)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)際上表明的那樣，“一般來(lái)說(shuō)，壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類的習(xí)慣行為，所以當(dāng)你想要做出持久的改變時(shí)，首先處理壓力可能是可取的?！?”可知，我們能從神經(jīng)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)中學(xué)到減少壓力是堅(jiān)持健康生活方式的關(guān)鍵。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。RelationsbetweenArchitectureandCultureAcountryisnotonlyidentifiedbyitspeopleandgovernment,butalsobyitsarchitecture._____11_____Forexample,whenonethinksofIndia,wethinkoftheTahjMahal.TheEgyptiansareanotheramazingexample.Theirenvironmentandcultureproducedthegreatpyramids.Howdomodernculturesproduceandmaintainsuchbeautifularchitecture?Sloveniansgainedindependencein1991.Thecountryisnoweconomicallythemostprogressiveone.Itisnowhelpingtomodernizethefactoriesandbydoingsohasactuallyhelpedlowerpovertyrates.Generally,theirworldaroundthemismodernizing._____12_____Everydaylifefocusesinthesquares,churchesandthemarketplace.TheseSloveniantownshavemanywell-preservedbuildingswithstylesofarchitecturedatingbackfromthe1100’s.ManychurchessuchasSticnaAbbeyandPodsredaCastlearemagnificentexamplesoftheRomanarchitecture._____13_____Forcenturies,homeshavebeenmadeoutofmudhousesbuiltalongthemaindirtroad.Theroofcouldbeusedforanoven,toholdchickens,orjustasstorage.Cairo,oneofthelargercities,theolderpartsofitarestilltheheartofEgyptalthoughbuiltwithIslamicandCopticmonuments.Chinesearchitectureprobablyhasthemostculturalinfluence.Traditionallybuildingsweredesignedforitswidth,notitsheight.Everyimportantbuildingisguardedaroundalargewalltoprotecttheirassets.Whileordinarydwellingsaregreyanddull,palacesandplacesofimportancearequitecolorful._____14_____EachChinesehomehastheirentranceatthefrontandfacingtheeastwithascreenbecauseitisbelievedthatspiritstravelstraightandcannotgothroughscreen.Everyculturecaninspireatypeofarchitecturethatcanrangefromlandmarkstoeverydayhomes.Religionandfamilyseemtobethemostcommoninfluencesoverall._____15_____A.Architectureisaproductofculturaldiversity.B.Thepurposeofasouth-facingentranceistoavoidnorthwinds.C.Througharchitectureit’spossibletojudgemanythingsaboutaculture.D.However,thecenteroftheirtownisironicallytheolderpartsofthecity.E.Architectureisnotalwaysdefinedaslargebutsimplyahomesometimes.F.TraditionandreligionarethelargestpiecestotheChinesecultureandarchitecture.G.Eachcultureisuniqueandthemorewelearnaboutthem,themoreweappreciateoursurroundings.【答案】11.C12.D13.E14.F15.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了建筑與文化的關(guān)系，并舉例進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。【11題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Forexample,whenonethinksofIndia,wethinkoftheTahjMahal.TheEgyptiansareanotheramazingexample.Theirenvironmentandcultureproducedthegreatpyramids.Howdomodernculturesproduceandmaintainsuchbeautifularchitecture?(例如，當(dāng)人們想到印度時(shí)，我們會(huì)想到泰姬陵。埃及人是另一個(gè)驚人的例子。他們的環(huán)境和文化造就了偉大的金字塔?，F(xiàn)代文化是如何產(chǎn)生并保持如此美麗的建筑的？)”可知，后文的例子表明，通過(guò)建筑就可以想起某個(gè)國(guó)家，說(shuō)明通過(guò)建筑可以判斷文化。故C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)建筑可以判斷一個(gè)文化的很多方面”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【12題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sloveniansgainedindependencein1991.Thecountryisnoweconomicallythemostprogressiveone.Itisnowhelpingtomodernizethefactoriesandbydoingsohasactuallyhelpedlowerpovertyrates.Generally,theirworldaroundthemismodernizing.(斯洛文尼亞在1991年獲得獨(dú)立。這個(gè)國(guó)家現(xiàn)在是經(jīng)濟(jì)最進(jìn)步的國(guó)家。現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)正在幫助工廠實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，這樣做實(shí)際上有助于降低貧困率?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，他們周圍的世界正在現(xiàn)代化)”以及后文“Everydaylifefocusesinthesquares,churchesandthemarketplace.(人們的日常生活集中在廣場(chǎng)、教堂和市場(chǎng)上)”可知，后文提到人們的日常生活集中在廣場(chǎng)、教堂和市場(chǎng)上，說(shuō)明本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出城鎮(zhèn)的中心是城市的老城區(qū)。故D選項(xiàng)“然而，諷刺的是，他們城鎮(zhèn)的中心是城市的老城區(qū)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Forcenturies,homeshavebeenmadeoutofmudhousesbuiltalongthemaindirtroad.Theroofcouldbeusedforanoven,toholdchickens,orjustasstorage.Cairo,oneofthelargercities,theolderpartsofitarestilltheheartofEgyptalthoughbuiltwithIslamicandCopticmonuments.(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，房屋都是由沿著主要土路建造泥屋建造而成的。屋頂可以用來(lái)做烤爐、養(yǎng)雞，或者只是作為儲(chǔ)藏。開(kāi)羅是較大的城市之一，它的古老部分仍然是埃及的中心，盡管有伊斯蘭和科普特人的紀(jì)念碑)”可知，后文主要說(shuō)明了房屋這種小的建筑，E選項(xiàng)中home對(duì)應(yīng)后文中houses。故E選項(xiàng)“建筑并不總是被定義為大，有時(shí)只是一個(gè)家”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。【14題詳解】根據(jù)后文“EachChinesehomehastheirentranceatthefrontandfacingtheeastwithascreenbecauseitisbelievedthatspiritstravelstraightandcannotgothroughscreen.(每個(gè)中國(guó)家庭的入口都在前面，面向東方，有一個(gè)屏風(fēng)，因?yàn)槿藗兿嘈澎`魂是直線旅行的，不能穿過(guò)屏風(fēng))”可知，后文提到了每個(gè)中國(guó)家庭都有面向東方的屏風(fēng)，這是一種中國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)或宗教信念，故F選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)和宗教是中國(guó)文化和建筑的最大組成部分”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Everyculturecaninspireatypeofarchitecturethatcanrangefromlandmarkstoeverydayhomes.Religionandfamilyseemtobethemostcommoninfluencesoverall.(每一種文化都能激發(fā)建筑的靈感，從地標(biāo)建筑到日常住宅。宗教和家庭似乎是最普遍的影響因素)”可知，本段總結(jié)全文，指出每一種文化都能激發(fā)建筑的靈感，宗教和家庭似乎是最普遍的影響因素，可推知人們對(duì)文化越是了解，越是能欣賞我們所處的環(huán)境，故G選項(xiàng)“每一種文化都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，我們對(duì)它們了解得越多，就越能欣賞我們所處的環(huán)境”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Myjournalpagesarefilledwithinterestingshorttravelstories.Oneofmymost_____16_____funnystorieshappenedwhileIwasbackpackingSouthAmerica—specificallyduringa4-daytourfromAtacamainChiletoUyuni,Bolivia.Thetriptookus_____17_____thedesertforthreedaystoseespectacular_____18_____likehotpinklagoons(洪泄湖)wherewildcreaturessearchforfood,a(n)_____19_____traingraveyard,theworld-famousUyuniSaltFlatsand,the_____20_____ofthewholetour.Duringthetrip,wesharedacarwithfourorfiveotherpeople.Atonepoint,Iwassittinginthefrontseat,_____21_____tocomeacrossthemostawesomelandscape.Thecarwasgettingreallyhotundera(n)_____22_____sun.Ourdriverdidn’tspeakEnglish,butIspoke_____23_____Spanish—oratleastIthoughtIdid.“Estoycaliente!”Isaid,lookingrightatthedriver.Tomyconfusion,insteadof_____24_____awindow,helookedpuzzled,ormaybe_____25_____.IdecideditwasprobablymyNewYorkaccent_____26_____him.“Estoycaliente!”Isaidagain,thistimein_____27_____Ithoughtwasamorelocal-sounding_____28_____.Helookedevenmorehorrified-slashed-confused.Suddenly,theonenativeSpanishspeakerinthecarspokeupfromtheback:“Umm,I’m_____29_____you’renotmeaningtotellthedriveryou’retooexcited,right?”Apparently,thewayIwassaying“I’mhot”_____30_____translatedto,well,anothermeaningofthephrase.AsIturnedbrightred,IdecidedIdidn’treallyneedthewindowopenandwouldjustsit_____31_____andtrytodisappearby_____32_____inthecarseat.Butwhenitcomestolearningalanguagewhiletraveling,mistakescausing_____33_____cancertainlybeagreatteacher.Plus,Ican_____34_____thistomylistofextremelyexciting_____35_____toshareatparties.16.A.awkward B.miserable C.sensitive D.complicated17.A.underneath B.through C.beyond D.within18.A.suburbs B.memorials C.sites D.harbors19.A.abused B.delayed C.restored D.abandoned20.A.breakthrough B.highlight C.duration D.agenda21.A.proceeding B.resolving C.anticipating D.pretending22.A.blistering B.refreshing C.suspending D.emerging23.A.contemporary B.comprehensive C.superior D.decent24.A.takingover B.rollingdown C.givingoff D.testingout25.A.horrified B.astonished C.desperate D.innocent26.A.interrupting B.releasing C.confusing D.absorbing27.A.that B.what C.which D.how28.A.version B.dimension C.accent D.dignity29.A.urging B.declaring C.justifying D.presuming30.A.literally B.randomly C.loosely D.precisely31.A.inpanic B.insilence C.inparticular D.inreturn32.A.collapsing B.exploding C.melting D.dismissing33.A.sympathy B.recognition C.prejudice D.embarrassment34.A.add B.submit C.owe D.assign35.A.belongings B.experiences C.views D.reputations【答案】16.A17.B18.C19.D20.B21.C22.A23.D24.B25.A26.C27.B28.C29.D30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者在南美洲背包旅行的時(shí)候，所經(jīng)歷的一次語(yǔ)言尷尬事件?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我最尷尬的一個(gè)有趣的故事發(fā)生在我在南美洲背包旅行的時(shí)候，特別是在從智利的阿塔卡馬到玻利維亞的烏尤尼的四天旅行中。A.awkward尷尬的；B.miserable痛苦的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.complicated復(fù)雜的。結(jié)合后文可知，作者因?yàn)榭谝魡?wèn)題引發(fā)了一個(gè)尷尬的故事，故選A。【17題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：這次旅行花了三天時(shí)間穿越沙漠，參觀了一些壯觀的景點(diǎn)，比如野生動(dòng)物覓食的粉紅色瀉湖，一個(gè)廢棄的火車墓地，舉世聞名的烏尤尼鹽沼，這是整個(gè)旅行的亮點(diǎn)。A.underneath在下面；B.through通過(guò)；C.beyond越過(guò)；D.within在里面。根據(jù)后文“thedesert”指穿過(guò)沙漠，應(yīng)用through。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次旅行花了三天時(shí)間穿越沙漠，參觀了一些壯觀的景點(diǎn)，比如野生動(dòng)物覓食的粉紅色瀉湖，一個(gè)廢棄的火車墓地，舉世聞名的烏尤尼鹽沼，這是整個(gè)旅行的亮點(diǎn)。A.suburbs郊外；B.memorials記錄；C.sites地點(diǎn)；D.harbors海港。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)ikehotpinklagoonswherewildcreaturessearchforfood”可知是列舉了一些旅游的地點(diǎn)。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這次旅行花了三天時(shí)間穿越沙漠，參觀了一些壯觀的景點(diǎn)，比如野生動(dòng)物覓食的粉紅色瀉湖，一個(gè)廢棄的火車墓地，舉世聞名的烏尤尼鹽沼，這是整個(gè)旅行的亮點(diǎn)。A.abused濫用的；B.delayed延遲的；C.restored精力充沛的；D.abandoned廢棄的。根據(jù)后文“traingraveyard”指廢棄的火車墓地。故選D。【20題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次旅行花了三天時(shí)間穿越沙漠，參觀了一些壯觀的景點(diǎn)，比如野生動(dòng)物覓食的粉紅色瀉湖，一個(gè)廢棄的火車墓地，舉世聞名的烏尤尼鹽沼，這是整個(gè)旅行的亮點(diǎn)。A.breakthrough突破；B.highlight亮點(diǎn)；C.duration持續(xù)；D.agenda日程表。根據(jù)上文“theworld-famousUyuniSaltFlatsand”可知，舉世聞名的烏尤尼鹽沼是整個(gè)旅行的亮點(diǎn)。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，我坐在前排座位上，期待著遇到最令人驚嘆的風(fēng)景。A.proceeding開(kāi)始行動(dòng)；B.resolving分解；C.anticipating預(yù)期；D.pretending假裝。根據(jù)后文“tocomeacrossthemostawesomelandscape”指作者期待著看風(fēng)景。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：汽車在烈日下越來(lái)越熱了。A.blistering極熱的；B.refreshing使人精神振作的；C.suspending懸??；D.emerging新興的。根據(jù)上文“Thecarwasgettingreallyhot”可知當(dāng)時(shí)很熱，汽車在烈日下越來(lái)越熱了。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的司機(jī)不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，但我能說(shuō)一口流利的西班牙語(yǔ)——至少我認(rèn)為我能。A.contemporary當(dāng)代的；B.comprehensive綜合性的；C.superior更強(qiáng)的；D.decent流利的。根據(jù)上文“Ourdriverdidn’tspeakEnglish,butIspoke”可知but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明作者覺(jué)得自己的西班牙語(yǔ)挺流利。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：令我困惑的是，他沒(méi)有搖下車窗，而是一臉困惑，或許是驚恐。A.takingover接管；B.rollingdown滾下，搖下；C.givingoff發(fā)出；D.testingout測(cè)試。當(dāng)時(shí)天氣熱，所以是搖下車窗，他沒(méi)有搖下車窗。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：令我困惑的是，他沒(méi)有搖下車窗，而是一臉困惑，或許是驚恐。A.horrified驚恐的；B.astonished吃驚的；C.desperate絕望的；D.innocent無(wú)辜的。結(jié)合后文可知司機(jī)誤會(huì)了作者的意思，一臉困惑甚至是驚恐。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我想可能是我的紐約口音把他弄糊涂了。A.interrupting打斷；B.releasing釋放；C.confusing使困惑；D.absorbing吸收。呼應(yīng)上文“l(fā)ookedpuzzled”指把司機(jī)弄糊涂了。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：“我熱！”我又說(shuō)了一遍，這次我覺(jué)得口音聽(tīng)起來(lái)更像地方口音。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，指事情應(yīng)用what。故選B。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我熱！”我又說(shuō)了一遍，這次我覺(jué)得口音聽(tīng)起來(lái)更像地方口音。A.version版本；B.dimension維度；C.accent口音；D.dignity自尊。根據(jù)上文“amorelocal-sounding”可知作者用當(dāng)?shù)乜谝粲终f(shuō)了一遍。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，車?yán)镆粋€(gè)母語(yǔ)是西班牙語(yǔ)的人從車后開(kāi)口了：“嗯，我想你不會(huì)是想告訴司機(jī)你太興奮了吧？”A.urging督促；B.declaring說(shuō)明；C.justifying證明；D.presuming推測(cè)。根據(jù)后文“you’renotmeaningtotellthedriveryou’retooexcited,right?”可知這人推測(cè)作者不是想告訴司機(jī)自己太興奮了。故選D。【30題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，我說(shuō)“我很熱”的方式被直譯為，嗯，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的另一種意思。A.literally逐字地；B.randomly隨機(jī)地；C.loosely松散地；D.precisely精確地。根據(jù)后文“translatedto,well,anothermeaningofthephrase”可知，說(shuō)“我很熱”的方式被直譯為了另一種意思是，故選A。【31題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)我滿臉通紅的時(shí)候，我決定我不需要打開(kāi)車窗，我只需要安靜地坐著，尷尬得恨不得融化在座位上。A.inpanic恐慌地；B.insilence沉默地；C.inparticular特別；D.inreturn作為報(bào)答。根據(jù)后文“andtrytodisappear”可知作者為自己的尷尬行為沉默了。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我滿臉通紅的時(shí)候，我決定我不需要打開(kāi)車窗，我只需要安靜地坐著，試著坐在汽車安全座椅里默不作聲。A.collapsing崩潰；B.exploding爆炸；C.melting融化；D.dismissing解散。根據(jù)上文的天氣很熱以及后文“inthecarseat”可知作者尷尬得恨不得融化在座位上。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)談到在旅行中學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言時(shí)，引起尷尬的錯(cuò)誤無(wú)疑是一個(gè)很好的老師。A.sympathy同情；B.recognition承認(rèn)；C.prejudice偏見(jiàn)；D.embarrassment尷尬。結(jié)合上文可知作者經(jīng)歷了一次尷尬的語(yǔ)言故事。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，我還可以將此添加到我在聚會(huì)上分享的極其激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷列表中。A.add增加；B.submit提交；C.owe欠錢；D.assign分派。根據(jù)后文“thistomylistofextremelyexciting”指作者把這次經(jīng)歷增加到了列表中。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：另外，我還可以在派對(duì)上分享這些令人興奮的經(jīng)歷。A.belongings所有物；B.experiences經(jīng)歷；C.views觀點(diǎn)；D.reputations名譽(yù)。根據(jù)上文者經(jīng)歷了一次尷尬的語(yǔ)言故事以及“extremelyexciting”可知作者分享的都是自己興奮的經(jīng)歷。故選B。第Ⅱ卷第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第二節(jié)：（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ApenguincolonyinAntarcticathat’shometoover18,000pairsofAdéliepenguinssufferedamassivebreedingfailure,withallbuttwoofthebabiesstarvingtodeathwhentheirparents_____36_____(force)totravelfurtherinsearchoffoodduringthisbreedingseason.AccordingtoCNN,theWorldWildlifeFundsaidunseasonablyextensiveamountsofseaicearoundthecolonyforcedtheadultpenguinstotravelfurther_____37_____(hunt)forfood.Thebabiesdidnotsurvivetheparents’journeys.“Thisdisastrouseventcontrastswith_____38_____imagethatmanypeoplemighthaveofpenguins,”_____39_____(say)RodDownie,HeadofPolarProgramsatWWF.Downiecontinued:“TheimpactofthiseventisrestrictedtothisspecificcolonyofAdéliepenguins,andpredictionsarethattheAntarcticwillget_____40_____(warm)andthismayposedifferent_____41_____(challenge)inthelongerterm.”Adéliepenguinsare_____42_____(general)doingwellinEastAntarcticaandtheretheymostlyeatkrill,asmallshrimplikecrustacean._____43_____theyaredeclininginthepeninsula,_____44_____theeffectsofclimatechangearealreadybeingfelt.Inaddition______45______theclimatechange,thelocalpenguinpopulationisfurtherthreatenedbecauseofproposalstoopentheareatothekrillfishingindustry.【答案】36.wereforced37.tohunt38.the39.said40.warmer41.challenges42.generally43.But44.where45.to【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了南極洲的一個(gè)擁有18,000多對(duì)阿德利企鵝的企鵝群遭遇了大規(guī)模的繁殖失敗，在這個(gè)繁殖季節(jié)，它們的父母被迫到更遠(yuǎn)的地方去尋找食物，除了兩只幼企鵝外，其他的都餓死了。據(jù)美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)報(bào)道，世界自然基金會(huì)表示，企鵝群周圍異常大量的海冰迫使成年企鵝走得更遠(yuǎn)去覓食?！?6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：南極洲的一個(gè)擁有18,000多對(duì)阿德利企鵝的企鵝群遭遇了大規(guī)模的繁殖失敗，在這個(gè)繁殖季節(jié)，它們的父母被迫到更遠(yuǎn)的地方去尋找食物，除了兩只幼企鵝外，其他的都餓死了。主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合上文suffered可知為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為parents，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填wereforced。【37題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)報(bào)道，世界自然基金會(huì)表示，企鵝群周圍異常大量的海冰迫使成年企鵝走得更遠(yuǎn)去覓食。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知hunt在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，此處作目的狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)用不定式。故填tohunt?！?8題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：世界自