2022年考研考博-考博英語-河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)46

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.

Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday’srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.

Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.

Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.

Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.

First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.

Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.

Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.

Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.

1.Theauthor’smainpurposetowritethisarticleis____________.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause____________.

4.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause____________.

5.Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.todefinewhatthepovertylineis

B.toexplainwhyyoungpeoplelivebelowthepovertyline

C.tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpoverty

D.toshowsympathyforthosepoorpeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.

B.Poorpeoplearethosewholivebelowthepovertyline.

C.Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.

D.Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydonothaveenoughmotivation

B.theyaresoyoungthattheyaredeprivedofchancestowork

C.theyfailtogetenougheducation

D.theyareverypoorinhealth

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theydonothaveanymotivationtowork

B.theyarenotveryself-confident

C.theyaretooyoungortoooldtowork

D.theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfound

B.welfarewillenablepeopletoberich

C.poorpeopleareboundtogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusiness

D.employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家研究貧困的原因是為了找到解決問題的辦法。），結(jié)合后文提到貧困的原因以及解決的方法，可知本文主要在尋找解決貧困的方法，故C選項(xiàng)“尋找解決貧困問題的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“定義貧困線”：在文章第一句提出，后面沒有進(jìn)一步再解釋，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“解釋為什么年輕人生活在貧困線以下”：文章有提到，但這只是文章內(nèi)容的一部分，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)窮人表示同情”：不是文章主要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)，A選項(xiàng)“百分之十的美國(guó)人過著貧困的生活”：根據(jù)第二段第二句about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline（10%的美國(guó)人生活在貧困線以下），可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“窮人是那些生活在貧困線以下的人”：Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.（收入在貧困線以下的人被認(rèn)為是窮人。），可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“貧困線隨著總體生活水平的提高而提高”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.（隨著國(guó)家總體生活水平的提高，貧困線也在提高。），可知貧困線不會(huì)一成不變，故D選項(xiàng)“貧困線往往在同一水平”正確，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.（超過40%的窮人是兒童。根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，16歲以下的兒童不能在許多行業(yè)工作。），可知兒童沒有錢的原因是不能工作，故B選項(xiàng)“他們太年輕了，還不能工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們沒有足夠的積極性”和D選項(xiàng)“他們的健康狀況很差”是一些成年人找不到工作的原因，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們沒有得到足夠的教育”：這是窮人普遍找不到工作的原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.（超過40%的窮人是兒童。）和第四句Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.（大量的窮人是老人），可知年齡太小或太大而不能工作的兒童和老人是窮人中沒有就業(yè)資格的主要人群，故C選項(xiàng)“他們太年輕或太老而不能工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們沒有工作的動(dòng)力”，B選項(xiàng)“他們不是很自信”和D選項(xiàng)“他們有身體和家庭問題”：這些是少部分貧困成年人沒有工作的原因。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第九段第一句Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.（一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家正在尋找解決貧困問題的更好辦法），可知A選項(xiàng)“還沒有找到更好的解決貧困問題的辦法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“福利將使人們變得富有”：In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.（1975年，美國(guó)有超過1800萬人得到了社會(huì)福利），得到福利的人這么多，依然那么多人處于貧困，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“如果窮人有機(jī)會(huì)做生意，他們一定會(huì)走出貧困線”：根據(jù)第七段ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor…Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.（如果社會(huì)對(duì)窮人進(jìn)行投資……這樣他們就更有可能找到工作），可知窮人有機(jī)會(huì)做生意不代表一定會(huì)脫離貧困，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“就業(yè)是解決貧困問題的最好辦法”：根據(jù)上文，兒童和老人是貧困的主要人群，而他們沒有工作能力，所以就業(yè)不是解決貧困的最好方法，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Somematerialswillconductheatbetterthanothers.Thesematerialsaresaid____goodconductors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.are

C.havingbeen

D.being

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。said后接不定式，saidtobe“被認(rèn)為”。句意：有些材料導(dǎo)熱比其他材料好，這些材料被叫作熱的良導(dǎo)體。所以選A。

3.單選題

Informerrevolutionarybaseareas,thepoverty-strickenpeoplecannotaffordtolivein______conditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gracious

B.decent

C.honorable

D.positive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gracious“寬厚的；仁慈的”；B選項(xiàng)decent“像樣的；相當(dāng)好的”；C選項(xiàng)honorable“可敬的；保護(hù)聲譽(yù)的；體面的”；D選項(xiàng)positive“積極的”。句意：在舊的革命根據(jù)地，貧困群眾不能擁有______的生活條件。根據(jù)語境，B選項(xiàng)decent“像樣的；相當(dāng)好的”搭配conditions“條件”比較合理，意思指生活條件優(yōu)越。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Hethoughtthathemightbeabletoavoidpayingsomeofhistaxesbytakingadvantagesofthe______inthelaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circle

B.misunderstanding

C.exception

D.loopholes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)circle“周期”；B選項(xiàng)misunderstanding“誤解”；C選項(xiàng)exception“例外；異議”；D選項(xiàng)loopholes“漏洞”。句意：他認(rèn)為他也許可以利用法律上的______來逃避繳納一些稅款。根據(jù)語境，這里是指鉆法律的空子避稅，D選項(xiàng)loopholes“漏洞”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Seldom______anymistakesduringmypastfiveyearsofservicehere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didImake

B.shouldImake

C.Iwouldmake

D.wouldImake

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：在服務(wù)這里的過去五年里，我很少出錯(cuò)。句首為半否定的詞語用部分倒裝，根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語makemistakes確定用助動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)pastfiveyears確定用過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)didImake符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

一天中我最喜歡的是最后那段時(shí)刻——至少是醒著的最后那段時(shí)刻。我再三努力不讓眨動(dòng)的眼皮合上，不讓書本掉落在胸前，這時(shí)候我知道真的該入睡了。我深情地把書放在身邊的床上。我們一起入睡——我和我的書，我和書中的人物，我和交雜的夢(mèng)境，都一起入睡。

躺在床上看書似乎成了家傳。上一次母親幫我照看孩子時(shí)，我回到家里發(fā)現(xiàn)整幢房子一片漆黑，只有兩處微弱的燈光。一處在我兒子的房間，我看到八歲的兒子拿著一本書，打著電筒躲在被窩里看書。房子的那頭，母親拿著書已經(jīng)打起盹來。

【答案】Oneofmyfavoritemomentsofthedayisamongthelast—thelastconsciousone,anyway.Afterseveralattemptsatkeepingmyeyelidsfromflutteringclosedandthebookfromcollapsingontomychest,Iknowitreallyistimetogotosleep.Iaffectionatelyplacethebookonthebedbesideme.Wesleeptogether,meandmybook,meandthosecharacters,meandmymixed-updreams.Readinginbedseemstoruninfamilies.Thelasttimemymotherbabysatforme,gothometofindthehousedarkexceptfortwosmalllights.Onecamefrommyson’sroom,whereIdiscoveredtheeight-year-oldholedupunderthecoverswithGoosebumpsandaflashlight.Attheotherendofthehouse,mymotherhadalreadydozedoffwithherbook.

7.翻譯題

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【答案】1．難題在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

2．行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

3．自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。

4．自由和尊嚴(yán)（它們）是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主的人所擁有的，是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績(jī)而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

5．（如果）這些問題得不到解決，研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會(huì)繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。

8.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句意：據(jù)說這篇報(bào)道所依據(jù)的消息來源可靠。根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞was確定事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，根據(jù)bebasedon確定保留be動(dòng)詞，確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。結(jié)合besaidto加完語態(tài)被動(dòng)式表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生并且是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以B選項(xiàng)havebeenbased正確。

9.單選題

Justinwasalwaysprepared.Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout:youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullofflatbicycletires,benttennisrackets.Deflatedbasketballs,andgameswithmissingpiecesthatyoucouldbarelygetinthedoor.Hisparentspleadedwithhimtocleanouthisroom.

“Whatuseisafishtankwithaholeinthebottom?”hisfatherasked.ButJustinsimplysmiledandrepeatedhismotto,“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy.”

WhenJustinwasawayfromhome,healwayscarriedhisbluebackpack.Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.Itwassowornandstretchedthatithardlyresembledabackpackanymore.Itwasfullofthekindofthingsthatseemedunimportant,butwhenusedwithalittleimagination,mightcomeinhandy.

Justinhadearnedareputationforfiguringthingsoutandgettingpeopleoutofotherwisehopelesssituations.Manyofhisclassmatesandneighborssoughthimoutwhentheyneededhelpwithaproblem.Onthefirstdayofschool,hisfriendKenny,camelookingforJustin.

“Doyouthinkyouhavesomethinginyourbagthatcouldhelpmeremembermylockercombination?”heasked.“Ilostthescrapofpaperitwaswrittenon.IhavescienceclassintwominutesandifI’mlateonthefirstdayit’llmakemelookbadfortherestoftheyear.”Kennylookedgenuinelyworried.

“Relax”,Justinsaid,takinghisbackpackoffandunzippingthetop.“Rememberhowyouborrowedmynotebookinhomeroomtowritethecombinationdown?Well.Iknowhowwecanrecoverwhatyouwrote.”

Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag.ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook.Justinheldthepencilonitssideandrubbeditlightlyovertheindentations.Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite,setoffbythegraypencilrubbings.

“That’samazing!”Kennysaid.“Ioweyouone.”Andhedashedofftoopenhislocker.

1.WhyisJustin’sroomsuchamess?

2.Theword“pleaded”inParagraph1canbestbereplaceby

（

）.

3.InwhatwayisJustin’sbackpackasmallerversionofhisbedroom?

4.HowdoesJustinhelphisfriends?

5.HowcomeJustincouldhelpKennyrecoverhislockercombination?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Healwaysforgetstoclean.

B.Heneverthrowsanythingaway.

C.Hehasnotimetoclean.

D.Hesharesaroomwithhisbrother.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ignored

B.asked

C.pushed

D.begged

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Heusesitasaplacetostoreobjects.

B.Heusesittocarryhisbooksandsportsequipment.

C.Hisparentstellhimtocleanitallthetime.

D.He’shadforaslongashecanremember.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heoffersthemadvices.

B.Heloansthemhisbackpack.

C.Helistenstotheirproblem.

D.Heusedtheobjectsinhisbackpack.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.JustinrememberedKenny’slockercombination.

B.KennyhadleftthescrapofpaperinJustin’sbackpack.

C.KennyhadleftindentationsofthecombinationonJustin’snotebook.

D.Justinfoundthescrapofpaperthelockercombinationwaswrittenon.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。問：為什么Justin的房間很亂，定位到文章第一段第二句Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullof…（他的座右銘是“永遠(yuǎn)不要扔掉任何東西，你永遠(yuǎn)不知道它什么時(shí)候會(huì)派上用場(chǎng)”。他的臥室里滿是……）可知原因是B“他從不扔掉任何東西”。A項(xiàng)“他總是忘記打掃”，C項(xiàng)“沒有時(shí)間打掃”，D項(xiàng)“他和他弟弟共享一個(gè)房間”，文中均未體現(xiàn)。

2.語義推測(cè)題。plead“懇求，乞求”；只有D項(xiàng)“懇求，乞求”與之意思相同，此外根據(jù)文章第一段所講內(nèi)容，可以知道他的父母是懇求他清理房間，所以此處的pleaded可以用begged代替。A項(xiàng)“忽視”；B項(xiàng)“詢問；請(qǐng)求”；C項(xiàng)“推”均不符合。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問題：Justin的背包以何種方式被看作是房間的縮小版。定位到文章第三段第二句Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.（他喜歡把它想象成臥室的縮小版——一個(gè)存放他收集的許多物品的地方）可知答案為A“他把它當(dāng)作存放物品的地方”。B項(xiàng)“他用它來裝書和運(yùn)動(dòng)器材”，文章未提及；C項(xiàng)“他父母叫他一直打掃”和D項(xiàng)“從他記事起他就一直帶著這個(gè)”，均不符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。問題：Justin是怎樣幫助他的朋友的。定位到文章第七段第一句“Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag…”（他從包里拿出筆記本和一支軟鉛筆……）可知他是用他包里的一些東西來幫助他的朋友，因此D“他用了包里的東西”為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“他給了建議”和B項(xiàng)“他把他的包借給了他們”，文中并未提及；C項(xiàng)“他傾聽了他們的問題”，文中他不僅僅傾聽了他們的問題，而且用行動(dòng)幫助了他們，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后三句ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook…Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite…（Kenny寫的那一頁在筆記本的另一頁上留下了模糊的凹痕……儲(chǔ)物柜組合的數(shù)字慢慢地但肯定地以白色出現(xiàn)）可知答案為C“肯尼在賈斯汀的筆記本上留下了這個(gè)組合的凹痕”。A項(xiàng)“賈斯汀記得肯尼的儲(chǔ)物柜密碼組合”，B項(xiàng)“肯尼把紙片留在了賈斯汀的背包里”，D項(xiàng)“賈斯汀找到了寫著儲(chǔ)物柜密碼的紙片”，均不符合文意。

10.單選題

Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled“footwearforyuppies”.

TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.

Still,despiteisemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarketretailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.

Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofit:distributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent.ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.

Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcrave,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayasbrightlycoloredsoftleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch.ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasfreedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.

1.OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon’tliketheirshoestobecalled“footwearforyuppies”isthat（

）.

2.Reebok’sviewthat“consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution”(Line4,Para.2)impliesthat（

）.

3.Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause（

）.

4.AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it（

）.

5.WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroups

B.newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoes

C.“yuppies”usuallyevokesanegativeimage

D.thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingit

B.thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributors

C.thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellit

D.consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemand

B.toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofits

C.thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarket

D.itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetwork

B.stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores

C.isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproducts

D.stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Acompanyshouldnotsellishighqualityshoesindiscountstores.

B.Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.

C.Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.

D.Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcraveonthemarket.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干中的“managerialpersonnel”即為第一段的executives，因此可知本題答案在第一段：Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled“footwearforyuppies”.（Reebok的高管們不喜歡聽到他們的時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋被稱為“雅皮士鞋”），再由下文的TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.（他們認(rèn)為Reebok鞋吸引了不同的細(xì)分市場(chǎng)，尤其是現(xiàn)在該公司為18歲以下兒童提供籃球鞋和童鞋，為對(duì)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)或跑步不感興趣的老年客戶提供步行鞋），更可知其目標(biāo)消費(fèi)是多高層次的，所以A項(xiàng)“他們相信他們的鞋子很受不同年齡段的人的歡迎”正確。B項(xiàng)“增加了新的生產(chǎn)線來生產(chǎn)廉價(jià)的鞋子”，C項(xiàng)“雅皮士”通常會(huì)引起負(fù)面印象，D項(xiàng)“這個(gè)詞使人們想到了令人望而卻步的價(jià)格”，均屬于無中生有。

2.判斷推理題。題干引號(hào)中是說消費(fèi)者通過品牌分銷的質(zhì)量來判斷品牌的質(zhì)量，定位到第二段Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.（銳步鞋的售價(jià)從27美元到85美元不等，按照該公司的觀點(diǎn)，消費(fèi)者通過分銷的質(zhì)量來判斷品牌的質(zhì)量，銳步鞋將繼續(xù)只在更好的專賣店、體育用品店和百貨公司銷售），由此可以推斷只有D項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者認(rèn)為，一流的產(chǎn)品只有高質(zhì)量的商店才能銷售”符合主旨大意。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)品牌的質(zhì)量是由銷售它的商店的服務(wù)質(zhì)量來衡量的”，文中未提及服務(wù)質(zhì)量，B項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量決定了分銷商的質(zhì)量”，也是屬于無中生有選項(xiàng)，C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)品牌的知名度是由銷售它的商店決定的”，文中未提及知名度。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干中“l(fā)imitthenumberofdistributions”定位到第三段…limitsonthenumberofit:distributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply，（……對(duì)它的數(shù)量進(jìn)行了限制：分銷商（以及向商店供應(yīng)鞋子的數(shù)量），部分是出于必要。有時(shí)，銳步的意外需求超過了供應(yīng)），可知對(duì)批發(fā)商數(shù)量的限制主要是因?yàn)樾枨罅砍龊跻饬系爻^了供應(yīng)能力。所以A項(xiàng)“它的產(chǎn)品供不應(yīng)求”完全符合題意。B項(xiàng)“太多的分銷商會(huì)削減它的利潤(rùn)”，C項(xiàng)“減少分銷商可以增加其市場(chǎng)份額”，D項(xiàng)“它希望增強(qiáng)消費(fèi)者對(duì)其產(chǎn)品的信心”，在文中均未提及。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors（這些履約問題現(xiàn)在似乎已經(jīng)得到控制，但該公司仍在選擇分銷商）。C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)誰銷售其產(chǎn)品仍很挑剔”與文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句相呼應(yīng)，答案即為該句的復(fù)述。A項(xiàng)“不想進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大其零售網(wǎng)絡(luò)”和B項(xiàng)“仍然限制了向商店供應(yīng)鞋子的數(shù)量”，在文中均未體現(xiàn)，D項(xiàng)“仍然謹(jǐn)慎地選擇其產(chǎn)品的制造商”，應(yīng)該是謹(jǐn)慎選擇經(jīng)銷商，故錯(cuò)誤。

5.判斷推理題。依據(jù)題干定位到最后一段ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago，whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoescrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.（Reebok希望避免幾年前Nike遇到的分銷問題，當(dāng)時(shí)Nike錯(cuò)誤地判斷了健身鞋熱潮的強(qiáng)度，被迫通過折扣店卸載大量的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋庫(kù)存），由此可知Nike公司正是由于當(dāng)時(shí)錯(cuò)誤地判斷了健身鞋的流行強(qiáng)度而導(dǎo)致了runningshoes的積壓而不得不打折銷售，這是因市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)不準(zhǔn)確所導(dǎo)致的，所以D項(xiàng)“公司應(yīng)該正確地評(píng)估新的需求對(duì)市場(chǎng)的影響”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“一家公司不應(yīng)該在折扣店賣高質(zhì)量的鞋子”，B項(xiàng)“公司不應(yīng)限制其分銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，C項(xiàng)“公司應(yīng)該對(duì)其產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行跟蹤調(diào)查”，都是對(duì)文意的曲解。

11.單選題

Itiswellknownlanguagebelongstoeveryone,tothedustman______totheprofessor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asmuchas

B.asfaras

C.thesameas

D.aslongas

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)asmuchas“差不多，盡……那樣多”；B選項(xiàng)asfaras“就……而言，至于”；C選項(xiàng)thesameas“與……一樣”；D選項(xiàng)aslongas“只要；和……一樣長(zhǎng)”。句意：眾所周知，語言是屬于每個(gè)人的，______清潔工和教授。根據(jù)語境，這里是指語言對(duì)于清潔工和教授一樣，C選項(xiàng)thesameas“與……一樣”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thequestion______tomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobedebated

B.todebate

C.debated

D.thatitwillbedebated

【答案】A

【解析】考查后置定語。句意：明天要討論的問題是是否應(yīng)該提高所得稅。根據(jù)question被debate確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不定式表目的可以用作定語成分，A選項(xiàng)tobedebated正確。D選項(xiàng)thatitwillbedebated中it作從句主語多余。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

_____makesmendifferentfromtheotheranimalsisthattheycanthinkandspeak.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.That

B.Thething

C.All

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語從句。題干中what從句是整個(gè)句子的主語，故后面的動(dòng)詞為is。B項(xiàng)all和C項(xiàng)thethings少了作主語的關(guān)系代詞（that），在定語從句中，做主語的關(guān)系代詞是不能省略的，只有作賓語的關(guān)系代詞能省略，所以B，C兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

14.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acceptable“可接受的”；B選項(xiàng)advisable“可取的”；C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”；D選項(xiàng)applicable“適用的”。句意：一般來說，學(xué)生在住房上的開銷應(yīng)該占總共______開銷的五分之一。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是在所擁有的開銷中，住房占五分之一，available“可獲得的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelsto______forthestressthatyouhaveapplied.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commence

B.compromise

C.compensate

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commence“開始；著手”；B選項(xiàng)compromise“妥協(xié)；折中”；C選項(xiàng)compensate“補(bǔ)償；抵消”；D選項(xiàng)compliment“恭維；問候”。句意：在恢復(fù)期，這些系統(tǒng)建立到更高的水平來______你施加的壓力。根據(jù)語境，C選項(xiàng)compensate“抵消”搭配stress“壓力”比較合理，意思指系統(tǒng)因?yàn)樗教嵘?，從而可以抵消壓力。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning______trafficjam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.forthesakeof

C.incaseof

D.attheriskof

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)inlinewith“與……一致”；B選項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了”；C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬一”；D選項(xiàng)attheriskof“冒著……的危險(xiǎn)”。句意：我總是在早上較早離開家去上學(xué)______交通堵塞。根據(jù)語境，這里指早點(diǎn)出門是為了不想堵車，C選項(xiàng)incaseof“以防萬一”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Here______youwanttosee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comesthegirl

B.comedoesthegirl

C.thegirlcomes

D.comingthegirlis

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：你想見的女孩來了。here位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝形式，倒裝句中的謂語動(dòng)詞come和go不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)comesthegirl符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Heisavery______performer:hecansing,dance,andplaythepiano.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.good

B.experienced

C.honest

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)good“優(yōu)秀的”；B選項(xiàng)experienced“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)honest“誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的”。句意：他是一個(gè)非常______的表演者：他會(huì)唱歌，跳舞和彈鋼琴。根據(jù)語境，他會(huì)各種才藝，D選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Itisaninterestingfact______trytodothesamethingsasnaturedoes,theyusuallyhavetodotheminadifferentway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatwhenmen

B.whenthatmen

C.thatmen

D.whenmen

【答案】A

【解析】考查主語從句和狀語從句。句意：一個(gè)有趣的事實(shí)是，當(dāng)人們?cè)噲D做自然所做的同樣的事情時(shí)，他們通常不得不以不同的方式去做。It作形式主語，真正的主語是橫線到句尾部分，其中主語從句中包含一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，所以A選項(xiàng)thatwhenmen正確。其余選項(xiàng)語法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Researchersproducedevidencetosupportwhatmostofusalreadyknew—thatacupofteaistheanswertoanycrisis.

Dr.MalcolmCross,apsychologistatCityUniversityLondon,testedtheanxietylevelsofagroupofpeoplefollowinga（1）

situationandrevealedthatevenasinglecupofteahasa（2）

calmingeffect.Histeamgave42volunteersamentalarithmeticexamand（3）

offeredhalfofthemacupofteaandtheotherhalfaglassofwater.Thewatergroup’sanxietylevelssoared（4）

25percentcomparedwithbeforethetask,（5）

theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety—despitethedifficulttest,theywererelaxedthanwhentheystared.

Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutfortheresearch,68percentofBritons（6）

teainadilemma,makingitthenation’smostcommonresponsetotroubleof（7）

kind.About60percentsaidthepromiseofcomfortandwarmthwasthemainreasonforputtingthekettleon.“The（8）

ofmakinganddrinkingtea—particularlyduringtimesofstress—isatthevery（9）

ofBritishculture,”Crosssaid.

Thisstudyshowsthatthesocialpsychological（10）

ofteaenhancetheeffectsofitschemicalmake-uponourbodiesandbrains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.light-hearted

B.serious

C.comfortable

D.stressful

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.significant

B.rigorous

C.severe

D.selective

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.previously

B.afterwards

C.besides

D.lately

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.by

D.at

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.however

C.meanwhile

D.nevertheless

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.giveup

B.oweto

C.lookon

D.turnto

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.whichever

B.whatever

C.however

D.whoever

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.ceremony

B.function

C.ritual

D.observance

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.beginning

B.moment

C.end

D.core

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.aspects

B.faces

C.sites

D.ways

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)light-hearted“輕松的”；B選項(xiàng)serious“嚴(yán)肅的”；C選項(xiàng)comfortable“愜意的”；D選項(xiàng)stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”。句意：倫敦城市大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家馬爾科姆?克羅斯博士測(cè)試了一組人在________情況下的焦慮水平，發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是一杯茶也有鎮(zhèn)靜作用。根據(jù)語境，需要鎮(zhèn)靜的情況只有當(dāng)人處于緊張的狀態(tài)，所以stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)significant“有效的”；B選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)密的”；C選項(xiàng)severe“嚴(yán)峻的；劇烈的”；D選項(xiàng)selective“有選擇性的”。句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是一杯茶也有________的鎮(zhèn)靜作用。根據(jù)語境，significant“有效的”形容effect“作用”比較合理，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)previously“預(yù)先”；B選項(xiàng)afterwards“然后”；C選項(xiàng)besides“以及”；D選項(xiàng)lately“近來”。句意：他的團(tuán)隊(duì)給42名志愿者進(jìn)行了心算測(cè)試，________給其中一半人一杯茶，另一半人一杯水。根據(jù)語境和橫線前面的and得知是先做測(cè)試再給水或茶，所以afterwards“然后”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)soaron非固定搭配；B選項(xiàng)soarin非固定搭配；C選項(xiàng)soarby“激增了……”；D選項(xiàng)“激增到……”。句意：與任務(wù)前相比，喝水對(duì)比組的焦慮水平飆升________25%。根據(jù)下文theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety（喝茶對(duì)比組的焦慮感實(shí)際上減少了4%），可知這里在對(duì)喝水對(duì)比組和喝茶對(duì)比組的結(jié)果進(jìn)行說明，可推測(cè)結(jié)果在內(nèi)容方面一致，所以soarby“激增了……”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查語法。句意