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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國人民大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Ourbossistakingeveryonetotheballettonight,andIneedtomakesuremynewdress()fortheoccasion.

問題1選項

A.hasbeencleaned

B.shouldhavebeencleaned

C.isbeingcleaned

D.hasbeencleaning

【答案】A

【解析】句意:老板今晚要帶大家去看芭蕾舞劇,我得確保我的新衣服洗干凈了。根據(jù)句意可知這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時,首先排除選項C;選項B表示本應(yīng)該洗卻沒有洗,不符合語境;衣服是被洗,用被動語態(tài),所以選項A正確。

2.單選題

Theannual()ofthedepartmentstorestartstomorrow.

問題1選項

A.stocking

B.stocktaking

C.stockpiling

D.stockholding

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。stocking長襪;stocktaking盤點(diǎn)存貨;stockpiling貯存,囤積;stockholding持有股票或證券。句意:百貨公司的年度盤點(diǎn)明天開始。選項B符合句意。

3.翻譯題

Physicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreeingthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaforceofnature—neverbeforesuspected—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,andbecomeainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.

【答案】在1895年,全世界的物理學(xué)家普遍認(rèn)為所有有關(guān)物理的偉大研究都已經(jīng)完成了,他們中的有些人甚至公開宣稱將來不可能再出現(xiàn)真正有意義的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)了。但是,那時他們還不知道,在德國一間小小的實驗室里,一位名叫倫琴的教師已經(jīng)開始了對粗糙的電磁感應(yīng)線圈、一個被抽走空氣的梨形鱗莖狀物和一張涂抹了某種金屬鹽的紙張進(jìn)行一系列的實驗。倫琴教授不知道他的工作注定會揭示自然的某種力量,而這種力量是人們從未料想到的。它幾乎在一夜間引起了醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的革命,成為一種深入探測物質(zhì)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的工具。

4.單選題

Whenherealizedthepolicehadspottedhim,theman()theexitasquicklyaspossible.

問題1選項

A.madefor

B.madeout

C.madeupto

D.madeway

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。makefor走向,有快速移動的意思;makeout理解,辨認(rèn)出;makeupto接近,奉承;makeway讓路,前進(jìn)。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指快速朝出口走去。選項A符合句意。

5.單選題

TheJatakanacultureencompassesevery()oflifefrombeliefs,superstitions,andpracticestoart,educationandtourism.

問題1選項

A.respect

B.inspect

C.aspect

D.suspect

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知這里指Jatakana文化覆蓋了生活的方方面面,選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

問題1選項

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意:他聲稱,如今的廣告傾向于將女性塑造成做飯或照顧孩子等傳統(tǒng)角色。選項A與劃線部分意思最為接近。

7.單選題

Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.

Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.

Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.

1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith().

2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto().

3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans().

4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby().

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto().

問題1選項

A.earthquakesonly

B.tsunamisonly

C.bothearthquakesandtsunamis

D.variousnaturaldisasters

問題2選項

A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildings

B.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccur

C.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamis

D.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena

問題3選項

A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappen

B.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccur

C.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapers

D.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen

問題4選項

A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarming

B.destructionofthebalanceoftheecology

C.earthquakes

D.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission

問題5選項

A.structuresofthebuilding

B.solidityofthebuilding

C.theheightofthebuilding

D.thelocalgeology

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨思想題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是地震及其影響,并著重介紹了其最具破壞性的影響之一——海嘯。所以選項C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知,seismologists的目標(biāo)是了解地球上的地震及其引發(fā)的其他活動。選項D符合原文。

3.信息推斷題。結(jié)合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.”分享這些信息能夠幫助減少可能發(fā)生的死亡和受傷人數(shù)。由此可以推斷,“earthquake-pronearea”指容易發(fā)生地震的地方,選項A正確。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句可知,地震最具破壞性的影響之一是海嘯。海嘯是巨大的海浪,發(fā)生在海底地震后。由此可知,海嘯是由地震導(dǎo)致的,選項C正確。

5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第五句“Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.”影響地震強(qiáng)度的一個因素是當(dāng)?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)條件。選項D符合原文。

8.單選題

Tobeginsomeactivityisto()doingit.

問題1選項

A.setdown

B.setup

C.setabout

D.setoff

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。setdown放下,記下;setup建立,裝配;setabout著手,開始做......;setoff出發(fā),引起。句意:開始某項活動就要立馬著手去做。選項C符合句意。

9.單選題

Notuntilthe1980s()inBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoricbuildingsfromdestruction.

問題1選項

A.someconcernedcitizens

B.someconcerningcitizens

C.didsomeconcerningcitizens

D.didsomeconcernedcitizens

【答案】D

【解析】Notuntil位于句首應(yīng)使用倒裝。句子表示過去發(fā)生的事情,所以用一般過去時,借助于助動詞did并提前,concerning為介詞,也可以看作動名詞,表示使擔(dān)憂,但選項C的表達(dá)不符合語法;concerned為形容詞,在這里修飾citizens。所以選項D正確。

10.單選題

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped()atdifferentvillages.

問題1選項

A.gradually

B.continuously

C.constantly

D.continually

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。gradually逐漸地;continuously連續(xù)不斷地;constantly不斷地,時常地;continually不斷地,頻繁地。句意:我們的旅行很慢,因為火車頻繁地在不同的村莊??俊_x項D更符合語境。

11.單選題

Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.

Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.

Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.

GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.“Nova”isLatinfor“new(star)”andmeans“star”inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike“nova”,meaning“itdoesn’tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales“pickedup”dramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany’sfriendly“JollyGreenGiant”(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas“IntimidatingGreenOgre”.

WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi’spopularslogan,“ComeAlivewithPepsi”cameoutimplying“ComeAlivefromtheGrave”.NowondercustomersinGermanydidn’trushouttobuyPepsi.

Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesn’tstopwithgoodtranslations—otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedandunderstoodifmarketersaretoavoidblunders.

Whenmarketersdonotunderstandandappreciatethevalues,tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,oreconomyofaculture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.

Forexample,anAmericandesignertriedtointroduceanewperfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductarousedlittleinterest.ThemainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedinitwastraditionallyusedforfuneralsinmanySouthAmericancountries.

Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheirtranslationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.

Thebestwaytopreventerrorsistohireprofessionaltranslatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageanditsidiomaticusage,ortouseatechniquecalled“backtranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders.

Theprocessusedonepersontotranslateamessageintothetargetlanguageandanothertotranslateitback.Effectivetranslatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofanadvertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationoftheoriginalrarelyconveystheintendedmeaningandoftencausesmisunderstandings.

Indesigningadvertisementsforothercountries,messagesneedtobeshortandsimple.

Theyshouldalsoavoidjokes,sincewhatisconsideredfunnyinonepartoftheworldmaynotbesohumorousinanother.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe().

2.Whatdoestheword“blunder”meaninthispassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtosummarizethegistfromParagraph3toParagraph6?

4.WecanlearnfromthecontextinParagraph9thattheword“camellia”mostprobablymeans().

5.Onewaytopreventerrorsinadvertisingindifferentcountriesisto(

問題1選項

A.CultureIsVeryImportantinAdvertising

B.AvoidCulturalMisunderstandingbetweenNations

C.OvercomeCulturalShockinDifferentCountries

D.AdvertisementsReflectVariousLifeStyles

問題2選項

A.Hesitation.

B.Mistake.

C.Stutter.

D.Default.

問題3選項

A.Culturalshocks.

B.Faultytranslations.

C.Avoidculturaloversights.

D.Preventblunders.

問題4選項

A.ananimalusedinperfumeforitssmell

B.apieceoffabricusedbothinperfumeandatfunerals

C.aflowerusedinperfumeforitsfragranceandusedforfunerals

D.anornamentusedinperfumeandatfunerals

問題5選項

A.firethetranslatorswhodon’tknowthetargetlanguage

B.usethetechniquecalled“l(fā)iteraltranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders

C.avoidculturaloversightsandavoidcertainjokes

D.explainindetailswhendesigningadvertisementforothercountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講太多公司在沒有了解國外的語言和文化情況下進(jìn)行營銷,付出了昂貴的代價。也就是說文化在廣告中是很重要的。選項A正確。

2.語義題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.”再根據(jù)后面舉例的內(nèi)容可以推測,這里是指犯了營銷的錯誤。所以選項B與之意思最為相近。

3.段落主旨題。根據(jù)原文可知,第三段到第六段主要是講:翻譯錯誤是國際廣告中許多錯誤的核心。第三段是中心句,后面的段落是舉例說明,所以選項B正確。

4.語義題。根據(jù)第九段的內(nèi)容,一位美國設(shè)計師試圖將一種新的香水引入拉丁美洲市場,但該產(chǎn)品幾乎沒有引起人們的興趣。主要原因是,在南美許多國家,“thecamelliausedinit”傳統(tǒng)上用于葬禮。it指的是香水,那么用于香水里面的應(yīng)該是制作香水的原材料。所以選項C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后五個段落的內(nèi)容可知,為了防止不同國家的廣告出現(xiàn)錯誤的方法,我們需要避免文化上的疏忽,也需要避免開玩笑。選項C符合原文。

12.單選題

It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto()theweightofalorry.

問題1選項

A.retain

B.sustain

C.obtain

D.maintain

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指木橋承受不了卡車的重量,選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

Thelittlegirlisignorant()thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.

問題1選項

A.for

B.of

C.with

D.against

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。ignorantof意為“不知道,不了解”,為固定搭配。選項B正確。

14.單選題

Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis()problemssheishavingwithherdentures.

問題1選項

A.won’teliminate

B.willbeelimination

C.shouldhavebeeneliminated

D.shouldhelpeliminate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我的祖母一直在看牙醫(yī),所以這應(yīng)該有助于解決她的假牙問題。should表示有較大可能實現(xiàn)的推測,且根據(jù)句意可知,這里時態(tài)應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時,所以選項D正確。

15.單選題

AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.

“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”

Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.

Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.

1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto().

2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor().

3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto().

4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor().

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor

B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor

問題2選項

A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply

B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

問題3選項

A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem

C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas

D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction

問題4選項

A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

問題5選項

A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist

B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor

C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork

D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知,AdamSmith是第一個認(rèn)識到勞動分工的重要性并解釋其部分優(yōu)勢的人。選項C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知,勞動分工增加了每個工人盡可能多的產(chǎn)量,所以選項B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,如果沒有進(jìn)行分工,沒有工人能在一天內(nèi)完成二十枚別針,甚至連一枚都做不成,而通過分工合作,相當(dāng)于每個工人生產(chǎn)4800枚別針,作者是想通過這一數(shù)字來說明分工的優(yōu)勢。選項A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為,勞動分工本質(zhì)上對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和發(fā)展負(fù)責(zé)。選項C符合原文。

5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是勞動分工,重點(diǎn)不是在于AdamSmith也不是講述理論,所以選項C最能概括全文。

16.單選題

EveryoneinAmericathesedaysseemstobe()withhisorherphysicalfitness,andeveryoneistalkingaboutgettinginshape.

問題1選項

A.concerned

B.allured

C.connected

D.attracted

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。beconcernedwith指涉及,關(guān)心。根據(jù)句意可知這里指如今的美國人關(guān)心自己的健康,選項A符合句意。

17.單選題

Tousitseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainstrain.Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun.

Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChineseintheeleventhcenturyB.C.

WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandauthority.IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices.

InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.AndtheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreece.ButitisbelievedthatthefirstpersoninEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainstrainweretheancientRomans.

DuringtheMiddleAges,theuseoftheumbrellapracticallydisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.Andagainitwasconsideredasymbolofpowerandauthority.By1680,theumbrellaappearedinFranceandlateroninEngland.

Bytheeighteenthcentury,theumbrellawasusedagainstrainthroughoutmostofEurope.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn’tuntilthetwentiethcenturythatwomen’sumbrellasbegantobemadeinawholevarietyofcolors.

1.Thefirstuseofumbrellawasas().

2.()werethepeoplewhofirstusedumbrella.

3.Theumbrellawasusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices().

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.protectionagainstrain

B.ashadeagainstthesun

C.asymbolofpower

D.asymbolofhonor

問題2選項

A.Chinese

B.Romans

C.Greeks

D.Egyptians

問題3選項

A.inEuropeinthe18thcentury

B.inancientEgyptandBabylon

C.intheFarEastinancienttimes

D.duringtheMiddleAges

問題4選項

A.Womenenjoyusingumbrellaswithvariedkindsofcolorsnowadays.

B.Theinventoroftheumbrellaisunknown.

C.Onceordinarypeoplehadnorighttouseumbrellas.

D.Umbrellaswerepopularandcheapinancienttimes.

問題5選項

A.WhenWastheUmbrellaInvented?

B.TheHistoryofUmbrella

C.Umbrella—ASymbolofHonor

D.WhoUsedUmbrellaFirst?

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun.”可知選項B與原文描述一致。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,最早使用傘的是中國人,選項A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices.”可知選項C與原文一致。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段可知,在古代遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)只有皇族或高官才能使用傘,由此可以推斷傘并不便宜,所以選項D錯誤。

5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講述傘的歷史。選項B正確。

18.單選題

Agoodwayto()alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

問題1選項

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

D.enquire

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指學(xué)會一門語言。acquire指獲得某物或習(xí)得某一技能,所以選項C正確。

19.單選題

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

問題1選項

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。chilling指令人寒心的,使人恐懼的。選項A與之意思相近,正確。

20.寫作題

Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,askinghimtocomeandstayforaweek-endwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.

【答案】DearTom,

IthasbeenalongtimesinceIlastseeyou!Howareyou,mydearfriend!

Recently,Iheardthatyouhavebeenthoughaterribletimeoflosingyourwife,allmyfamilyisverysadaboutthisgrievousnews.Weareallworryingaboutyou!

WerecentlyboughtariversidecottageatXXX,andbecauseitisspringnowandtheflowersarebloominghere,wesincerelyinviteyoutocomeheretohaveawonderfulweekend,wearesurethatthecountryairwillbegoodforyou.

YoucancatchatrainafterworkonFridayifyouwillcomehereandpleaseletmeknowtheexacttimeofyourarrival,Iwouldbeexpectingyouatthetrainstation.

Sincerely,yours21.單選題

Ournewfirm()foracredible,aggressiveindividualwithgreatskillstofillthisposition.

問題1選項

A.havelooked

B.arelooking

C.islooking

D.look

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我們的新公司正在尋找一個可靠的、有進(jìn)取心的、有很強(qiáng)技能的人來填補(bǔ)這個職位。填空處應(yīng)填入單數(shù)謂語動詞,選項C符合語境。

22.單選題

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing()ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

問題1選項

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleams

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。glance掃視,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的快速性;glimpse一瞥,粗略地一看,強(qiáng)調(diào)快速但不完整的“一瞥”;glare怒視,強(qiáng)調(diào)目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地“注視”;gleam閃光,瞬息的一現(xiàn),還可指情感流露。根據(jù)句意可知,選項B更符合語境。

23.單選題

Duringhertwo-weekstayinBeijing,Elizabethnever()achrome(chance)topracticeherChinese.

問題1選項

A.passedby

B.passedon

C.passedout

D.passedup

【答案】D

【解析】passby經(jīng)過,走過;passon去世,傳遞;passout昏倒,失去知覺;passup拒絕,錯過。passupachancetodosth.錯過或放棄做某事的機(jī)會。句意:在北京逗留的兩周中,Elizabeth從未錯過任何一個練習(xí)漢語的機(jī)會。選項D符合句意。

24.單選題

The(

)emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

問題1選項

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。negligent疏忽的;edible可食用的;fabulous極好的;disproportionate不成比例的。句意:過分強(qiáng)調(diào)考試是學(xué)校里最糟糕的競爭形式。選項D符合句意。

25.單選題

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas()aseriesofpolicies.

問題1選項

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意:為確保經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展,政府出臺了一系列政策。選項B符合句意。

26.單選題

Intoday’smodernsocietyalcoholaddictionandalcohol______hasbecomeoneofthemostcomplexlife-threateningissues.

問題1選項

A.infuse

B.abuse

C.reduce

D.refuse

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知這里指酗酒,alcoholabuse為常用搭配,所以選項B正確。

27.單選題

Childrenareoften()sportsatanearlyage.Astheygetolderandstartschooltheyparticipateinsportsasawaybothtomakenewfriendsandbeactive.

問題1選項

A.exposedto

B.spoiledby

C.indulgedin

D.worriedabout

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。exposedto接觸,暴露于;spoiledby被寵壞;indulgedin沉溺于;worriedabout為...…擔(dān)心。句意:孩子們經(jīng)常在很小的時候就接觸到運(yùn)動。隨著他們長大開始上學(xué),參加體育運(yùn)動以此來結(jié)交新朋友變得活躍。只有A選項符合語境。

28.單選題

Themosturgentthingistofindadumpforthosetoxicindustrialwastes.

問題1選項

A.imminent

B.recyclable

C.smelly

D.poisonous

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。toxic指有毒的,所以選項D正確。

29.單選題

Banknotesarenotusually()intogoldnowadays.

問題1選項

A.inverted

B.revertible

C.convertible

D.diverting

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析。句意:現(xiàn)在的紙幣通常不能兌換成黃金。選項C符合句意。

30.單選題

Censorship,awordthatseemstobe()quitecontroversyovercertainpeople,maynotbesuchabadidea.

問題1選項

A.arguing

B.attacking

C.causing

D.discussing

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知這里指引發(fā)爭議,選項C符合句意。

31.單選題

TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.Usuallytheyaremixedtogetherandcan’tbetoldfromoneanother.Butmanyofthemstilltalkaboutwheretheirancestorscamefrom.Itissomethingtheyareproudof.

TheoriginalAmericans,ofcourseweretheIndians.Theso-calledwhitemenwhothencameweremostlyfromEngland.ButmanycamefromothercountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.

OneproblemtheUnitedStateshasalwayshadisdiscrimination.AsnewgroupscametotheUnitedStatestheyfoundtheywerediscriminatedagainst.FirstitwastheIrishandItalians.Lateritwastheblacks.Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.Theonlyimmigrantswhohavenotaretheblacks.SurprisinglyenoughtheworstdiscriminationtodayisshowntowardstheIndians.

OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.Ofcoursetheyarenottheonlyoneswhohavedoneso.TheJapanesehavetheirLittleTokyoinLosAngelesandtheChineseaChinatowninNewYork.TheDutchsettlementinPennsylvaniaalsostaysseparatefromotherpeople.Theirtownsarelikesomethingfromthe19thcentury.Theyhaveadifferentreasonfromtheothergroupsforstayingseparately.Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasonsratherthankeeptogetherinaracialgroup.

Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselvesseparateandothershavebeendiscriminatedagainst,allgroupshavehelpedmaketheUnitedStatesagreatcounty.Thereisnogroupthathasnothelpedinsomeway.Andthereisnogroupthatcansaytheyhavedonethemosttomakeitagreatcountry.

ManypeoplestillcomefromothercountriestohelptheUnitedStatesgrow.AgoodexampleistheAmericanprojectthatletamanwalkonthemoon.ItwasascientistfromGermanywhowasmostresponsiblefordoingthat.ItiscertainthatinthefuturetheUnitedStateswillstillneedthehelpofpeoplefromallracialgroupstoremainagreatcountry.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainideaofthispassage?

2.Inthefirstparagraphtheword“told”means().

3.Thispassageimpliesthatdiscriminationisaproblemwhich().

4.ThemainreasonwhytheIndiansaremostdiscriminatedagainstisthat().

5.TheDutchliveseparatelyinPennsylvania().

問題1選項

A.TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.

B.DiscriminationisthemostseriousproblemintheUnitedStates.

C.AllracesintheUnitedStateshavehelpedmakethecountryagreatone.

D.TheprosperityoftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothehardworkofthemostdiscriminatedraces.

問題2選項

A.separated

B.distinguished

C.revealed

D.madeknown

問題3選項

A.manyracesintheUnitedStateshaveexperienced

B.willstillbeveryseriousintheUnitedStatesinthefuture

C.hasalreadybeensolvedintheUnitedStates

D.isstronglyopposedbymanydifferentracesintheUnitedStates

問題4選項

A.theyhavetriedhardtokeeptheirreligions

B.theyhavetriedhardtolivetogethertokeeptheirIndiancustoms

C.theyaretheonlyoneswhohavetriedtokeeptheiridentify

D.theydiscriminatemanyotherraces

問題5選項

A.toescapediscrimination

B.tokeeptogetherinaracialgroup

C.toenjoythemselvesintheirowntowns

D.forreligiousreasons

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。原文第一段第一句指出美國是一個由許多不同種族組成的國家,由此引出種族歧視,但本文的主旨句在第五段第一句,所有的種族都幫助美國成為一個偉大的國家。選項C符合原文。

2.語義題。根據(jù)原文句意,通常它們是混合在一起的,無法區(qū)分。由此可推測,told指無法區(qū)分的,選項B符合句意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段第五句“Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.”幾乎每一個群體最終都能擺脫這種歧視。說明每個種族都曾經(jīng)歷過歧視,所以選項A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.”印第安人受到歧視的一個原因是他們一直努力保持自己的身份。選項B符合原文。本題容易錯選A,第四段最后一句

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