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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國人民大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小)題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Ourbossistakingeveryonetotheballettonight,andIneedtomakesuremynewdress()fortheoccasion.
問題1選項
A.hasbeencleaned
B.shouldhavebeencleaned
C.isbeingcleaned
D.hasbeencleaning
【答案】A
【解析】句意:老板今晚要帶大家去看芭蕾舞劇,我得確保我的新衣服洗干凈了。根據(jù)句意可知這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時,首先排除選項C;選項B表示本應(yīng)該洗卻沒有洗,不符合語境;衣服是被洗,用被動語態(tài),所以選項A正確。
2.單選題
Theannual()ofthedepartmentstorestartstomorrow.
問題1選項
A.stocking
B.stocktaking
C.stockpiling
D.stockholding
【答案】B
【解析】形近詞辨析。stocking長襪;stocktaking盤點(diǎn)存貨;stockpiling貯存,囤積;stockholding持有股票或證券。句意:百貨公司的年度盤點(diǎn)明天開始。選項B符合句意。
3.翻譯題
Physicistsallovertheworld,backin1895,wereprettymuchagreeingthatthegreatworkofphysicshadallbeendone.Someofthemmournedpubliclythatnodiscoveriesoftrulymajorimportancewerelikelytobemadeinthefuture.ButthentheydidnotknowthataProfessorRoentgen,workingaloneinamodestlaboratoryinGermany,hadbegunaseriesofexperimentswithacrudeinductioncoil,apear-shapedbulbfromwhichtheairhadbeenremoved,andasheetofpaperpaintedwithcertainmetallicsalts.AndProfessorRoentgendidnotknowthathisworkwasdestinedtorevealaforceofnature—neverbeforesuspected—thatwouldalmostovernightrevolutionizemedicineandtechnology,andbecomeainstrumentfordeeperprobingofthestructureofmatter.
【答案】在1895年,全世界的物理學(xué)家普遍認(rèn)為所有有關(guān)物理的偉大研究都已經(jīng)完成了,他們中的有些人甚至公開宣稱將來不可能再出現(xiàn)真正有意義的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)了。但是,那時他們還不知道,在德國一間小小的實驗室里,一位名叫倫琴的教師已經(jīng)開始了對粗糙的電磁感應(yīng)線圈、一個被抽走空氣的梨形鱗莖狀物和一張涂抹了某種金屬鹽的紙張進(jìn)行一系列的實驗。倫琴教授不知道他的工作注定會揭示自然的某種力量,而這種力量是人們從未料想到的。它幾乎在一夜間引起了醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的革命,成為一種深入探測物質(zhì)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的工具。
4.單選題
Whenherealizedthepolicehadspottedhim,theman()theexitasquicklyaspossible.
問題1選項
A.madefor
B.madeout
C.madeupto
D.madeway
【答案】A
【解析】動詞詞組辨析。makefor走向,有快速移動的意思;makeout理解,辨認(rèn)出;makeupto接近,奉承;makeway讓路,前進(jìn)。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指快速朝出口走去。選項A符合句意。
5.單選題
TheJatakanacultureencompassesevery()oflifefrombeliefs,superstitions,andpracticestoart,educationandtourism.
問題1選項
A.respect
B.inspect
C.aspect
D.suspect
【答案】C
【解析】形近詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知這里指Jatakana文化覆蓋了生活的方方面面,選項C符合句意。
6.單選題
Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.
問題1選項
A.depict
B.advocate
C.criticize
D.analyze
【答案】A
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意:他聲稱,如今的廣告傾向于將女性塑造成做飯或照顧孩子等傳統(tǒng)角色。選項A與劃線部分意思最為接近。
7.單選題
Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.
Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.
Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.
1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith().
2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto().
3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans().
4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby().
5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto().
問題1選項
A.earthquakesonly
B.tsunamisonly
C.bothearthquakesandtsunamis
D.variousnaturaldisasters
問題2選項
A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildings
B.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccur
C.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamis
D.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena
問題3選項
A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappen
B.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccur
C.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapers
D.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen
問題4選項
A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarming
B.destructionofthebalanceoftheecology
C.earthquakes
D.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission
問題5選項
A.structuresofthebuilding
B.solidityofthebuilding
C.theheightofthebuilding
D.thelocalgeology
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨思想題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是地震及其影響,并著重介紹了其最具破壞性的影響之一——海嘯。所以選項C正確。
2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知,seismologists的目標(biāo)是了解地球上的地震及其引發(fā)的其他活動。選項D符合原文。
3.信息推斷題。結(jié)合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.”分享這些信息能夠幫助減少可能發(fā)生的死亡和受傷人數(shù)。由此可以推斷,“earthquake-pronearea”指容易發(fā)生地震的地方,選項A正確。
4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句可知,地震最具破壞性的影響之一是海嘯。海嘯是巨大的海浪,發(fā)生在海底地震后。由此可知,海嘯是由地震導(dǎo)致的,選項C正確。
5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第五句“Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.”影響地震強(qiáng)度的一個因素是當(dāng)?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)條件。選項D符合原文。
8.單選題
Tobeginsomeactivityisto()doingit.
問題1選項
A.setdown
B.setup
C.setabout
D.setoff
【答案】C
【解析】動詞詞組辨析。setdown放下,記下;setup建立,裝配;setabout著手,開始做......;setoff出發(fā),引起。句意:開始某項活動就要立馬著手去做。選項C符合句意。
9.單選題
Notuntilthe1980s()inBeijingstarttofindwaystopreservehistoricbuildingsfromdestruction.
問題1選項
A.someconcernedcitizens
B.someconcerningcitizens
C.didsomeconcerningcitizens
D.didsomeconcernedcitizens
【答案】D
【解析】Notuntil位于句首應(yīng)使用倒裝。句子表示過去發(fā)生的事情,所以用一般過去時,借助于助動詞did并提前,concerning為介詞,也可以看作動名詞,表示使擔(dān)憂,但選項C的表達(dá)不符合語法;concerned為形容詞,在這里修飾citizens。所以選項D正確。
10.單選題
Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped()atdifferentvillages.
問題1選項
A.gradually
B.continuously
C.constantly
D.continually
【答案】D
【解析】副詞詞義辨析。gradually逐漸地;continuously連續(xù)不斷地;constantly不斷地,時常地;continually不斷地,頻繁地。句意:我們的旅行很慢,因為火車頻繁地在不同的村莊??俊_x項D更符合語境。
11.單選題
Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.
Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.
Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.
GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.“Nova”isLatinfor“new(star)”andmeans“star”inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike“nova”,meaning“itdoesn’tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales“pickedup”dramatically.
Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany’sfriendly“JollyGreenGiant”(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas“IntimidatingGreenOgre”.
WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi’spopularslogan,“ComeAlivewithPepsi”cameoutimplying“ComeAlivefromtheGrave”.NowondercustomersinGermanydidn’trushouttobuyPepsi.
Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesn’tstopwithgoodtranslations—otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedandunderstoodifmarketersaretoavoidblunders.
Whenmarketersdonotunderstandandappreciatethevalues,tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,oreconomyofaculture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.
Forexample,anAmericandesignertriedtointroduceanewperfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductarousedlittleinterest.ThemainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedinitwastraditionallyusedforfuneralsinmanySouthAmericancountries.
Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheirtranslationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.
Thebestwaytopreventerrorsistohireprofessionaltranslatorswhounderstandthetargetlanguageanditsidiomaticusage,ortouseatechniquecalled“backtranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders.
Theprocessusedonepersontotranslateamessageintothetargetlanguageandanothertotranslateitback.Effectivetranslatorsaimtocapturetheoverallmessageofanadvertisementbecauseaword-for-wordduplicationoftheoriginalrarelyconveystheintendedmeaningandoftencausesmisunderstandings.
Indesigningadvertisementsforothercountries,messagesneedtobeshortandsimple.
Theyshouldalsoavoidjokes,sincewhatisconsideredfunnyinonepartoftheworldmaynotbesohumorousinanother.
1.Thebesttitleofthispassagemightbe().
2.Whatdoestheword“blunder”meaninthispassage?
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtosummarizethegistfromParagraph3toParagraph6?
4.WecanlearnfromthecontextinParagraph9thattheword“camellia”mostprobablymeans().
5.Onewaytopreventerrorsinadvertisingindifferentcountriesisto(
)
問題1選項
A.CultureIsVeryImportantinAdvertising
B.AvoidCulturalMisunderstandingbetweenNations
C.OvercomeCulturalShockinDifferentCountries
D.AdvertisementsReflectVariousLifeStyles
問題2選項
A.Hesitation.
B.Mistake.
C.Stutter.
D.Default.
問題3選項
A.Culturalshocks.
B.Faultytranslations.
C.Avoidculturaloversights.
D.Preventblunders.
問題4選項
A.ananimalusedinperfumeforitssmell
B.apieceoffabricusedbothinperfumeandatfunerals
C.aflowerusedinperfumeforitsfragranceandusedforfunerals
D.anornamentusedinperfumeandatfunerals
問題5選項
A.firethetranslatorswhodon’tknowthetargetlanguage
B.usethetechniquecalled“l(fā)iteraltranslation”toreducethepossibilityofblunders
C.avoidculturaloversightsandavoidcertainjokes
D.explainindetailswhendesigningadvertisementforothercountries
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講太多公司在沒有了解國外的語言和文化情況下進(jìn)行營銷,付出了昂貴的代價。也就是說文化在廣告中是很重要的。選項A正確。
2.語義題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.”再根據(jù)后面舉例的內(nèi)容可以推測,這里是指犯了營銷的錯誤。所以選項B與之意思最為相近。
3.段落主旨題。根據(jù)原文可知,第三段到第六段主要是講:翻譯錯誤是國際廣告中許多錯誤的核心。第三段是中心句,后面的段落是舉例說明,所以選項B正確。
4.語義題。根據(jù)第九段的內(nèi)容,一位美國設(shè)計師試圖將一種新的香水引入拉丁美洲市場,但該產(chǎn)品幾乎沒有引起人們的興趣。主要原因是,在南美許多國家,“thecamelliausedinit”傳統(tǒng)上用于葬禮。it指的是香水,那么用于香水里面的應(yīng)該是制作香水的原材料。所以選項C正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后五個段落的內(nèi)容可知,為了防止不同國家的廣告出現(xiàn)錯誤的方法,我們需要避免文化上的疏忽,也需要避免開玩笑。選項C符合原文。
12.單選題
It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto()theweightofalorry.
問題1選項
A.retain
B.sustain
C.obtain
D.maintain
【答案】B
【解析】形近詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指木橋承受不了卡車的重量,選項B符合句意。
13.單選題
Thelittlegirlisignorant()thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.
問題1選項
A.for
B.of
C.with
D.against
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。ignorantof意為“不知道,不了解”,為固定搭配。選項B正確。
14.單選題
Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis()problemssheishavingwithherdentures.
問題1選項
A.won’teliminate
B.willbeelimination
C.shouldhavebeeneliminated
D.shouldhelpeliminate
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我的祖母一直在看牙醫(yī),所以這應(yīng)該有助于解決她的假牙問題。should表示有較大可能實現(xiàn)的推測,且根據(jù)句意可知,這里時態(tài)應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時,所以選項D正確。
15.單選題
AdamSmith,writinginthe1770s,wasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionoflaborandtoexplainpartofitsadvantages.HegivesasanexampletheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland.
“Onemandrawsoutthewire;anotherstrengthensit;athirdcutsit;afourthpointsit;afifthgrindsitatthetoptoprepareittoreceivethehead.Tomaketheheadrequirestwoorthreeoperations.Toputitonisaseparateoperation,topolishthepinsisanother.Andtheimportantbusinessofmakingpinsis,inthismanner,dividedintoabouteighteenoperations,whichinsomefactoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwillsometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.”
Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedouttwelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsperworker.Butifallofthemhadworkedseparatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,noneofthemcouldhavemadetwentypinsinadayandperhapsnotevenone.
Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflaborisanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentandthatitaccountsforthedifferencebetweenexpandingeconomiesandthosethatstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew;itonlyenablespeopletoproducemoreofwhattheyalreadyhave.
1.Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto().
2.AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor().
3.AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto().
4.Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith’smistakewasinbelievingthatdivisionoflabor().
5.Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasanappropriatetitleforthepassage?
問題1選項
A.takeadvantageofthedivisionoflabor
B.introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland
C.understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor
D.explainthecausesofthedivisionoflabor
問題2選項
A.enabledeachworkertomakepinsmorequicklyandmorecheaply
B.increasedthepossibleoutputperworker
C.increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories
D.improvedthequalityofpinsproduced
問題3選項
A.showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor
B.showtheadvantagesoftheoldcraftsystem
C.emphasizehowpowerfultheindividualworkerwas
D.emphasizetheimportanceofincreasedproduction
問題4選項
A.wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork
B.wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction
C.certainlyledtoeconomicdevelopment
D.increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods
問題5選項
A.AdamSmith,theEnglishEconomist
B.TheTheoryofDivisionofLabor
C.DivisionofLabor,anEfficientWayofOrganizingWork
D.AdamSmith,theLastDiscovererofDivisionofLabor
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知,AdamSmith是第一個認(rèn)識到勞動分工的重要性并解釋其部分優(yōu)勢的人。選項C符合原文。
2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.”可知,勞動分工增加了每個工人盡可能多的產(chǎn)量,所以選項B正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,如果沒有進(jìn)行分工,沒有工人能在一天內(nèi)完成二十枚別針,甚至連一枚都做不成,而通過分工合作,相當(dāng)于每個工人生產(chǎn)4800枚別針,作者是想通過這一數(shù)字來說明分工的優(yōu)勢。選項A正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。最后一段第三句“AdamSmithsawthisbuthealsotookitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisinitselfresponsibleforeconomicgrowthanddevelopment...”但他也理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為,勞動分工本質(zhì)上對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和發(fā)展負(fù)責(zé)。選項C符合原文。
5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是勞動分工,重點(diǎn)不是在于AdamSmith也不是講述理論,所以選項C最能概括全文。
16.單選題
EveryoneinAmericathesedaysseemstobe()withhisorherphysicalfitness,andeveryoneistalkingaboutgettinginshape.
問題1選項
A.concerned
B.allured
C.connected
D.attracted
【答案】A
【解析】固定搭配。beconcernedwith指涉及,關(guān)心。根據(jù)句意可知這里指如今的美國人關(guān)心自己的健康,選項A符合句意。
17.單選題
Tousitseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainstrain.Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun.
Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChineseintheeleventhcenturyB.C.
WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandauthority.IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices.
InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.AndtheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreece.ButitisbelievedthatthefirstpersoninEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainstrainweretheancientRomans.
DuringtheMiddleAges,theuseoftheumbrellapracticallydisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.Andagainitwasconsideredasymbolofpowerandauthority.By1680,theumbrellaappearedinFranceandlateroninEngland.
Bytheeighteenthcentury,theumbrellawasusedagainstrainthroughoutmostofEurope.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn’tuntilthetwentiethcenturythatwomen’sumbrellasbegantobemadeinawholevarietyofcolors.
1.Thefirstuseofumbrellawasas().
2.()werethepeoplewhofirstusedumbrella.
3.Theumbrellawasusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices().
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?
問題1選項
A.protectionagainstrain
B.ashadeagainstthesun
C.asymbolofpower
D.asymbolofhonor
問題2選項
A.Chinese
B.Romans
C.Greeks
D.Egyptians
問題3選項
A.inEuropeinthe18thcentury
B.inancientEgyptandBabylon
C.intheFarEastinancienttimes
D.duringtheMiddleAges
問題4選項
A.Womenenjoyusingumbrellaswithvariedkindsofcolorsnowadays.
B.Theinventoroftheumbrellaisunknown.
C.Onceordinarypeoplehadnorighttouseumbrellas.
D.Umbrellaswerepopularandcheapinancienttimes.
問題5選項
A.WhenWastheUmbrellaInvented?
B.TheHistoryofUmbrella
C.Umbrella—ASymbolofHonor
D.WhoUsedUmbrellaFirst?
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun.”可知選項B與原文描述一致。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,最早使用傘的是中國人,選項A正確。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices.”可知選項C與原文一致。
4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段可知,在古代遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)只有皇族或高官才能使用傘,由此可以推斷傘并不便宜,所以選項D錯誤。
5.主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是講述傘的歷史。選項B正確。
18.單選題
Agoodwayto()alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.
問題1選項
A.require
B.inquire
C.acquire
D.enquire
【答案】C
【解析】近義詞辨析。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指學(xué)會一門語言。acquire指獲得某物或習(xí)得某一技能,所以選項C正確。
19.單選題
Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.
問題1選項
A.frightening
B.promising
C.freezing
D.revealing
【答案】A
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。chilling指令人寒心的,使人恐懼的。選項A與之意思相近,正確。
20.寫作題
Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,askinghimtocomeandstayforaweek-endwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:
(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;
(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;
(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;
(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;
(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.
【答案】DearTom,
IthasbeenalongtimesinceIlastseeyou!Howareyou,mydearfriend!
Recently,Iheardthatyouhavebeenthoughaterribletimeoflosingyourwife,allmyfamilyisverysadaboutthisgrievousnews.Weareallworryingaboutyou!
WerecentlyboughtariversidecottageatXXX,andbecauseitisspringnowandtheflowersarebloominghere,wesincerelyinviteyoutocomeheretohaveawonderfulweekend,wearesurethatthecountryairwillbegoodforyou.
YoucancatchatrainafterworkonFridayifyouwillcomehereandpleaseletmeknowtheexacttimeofyourarrival,Iwouldbeexpectingyouatthetrainstation.
Sincerely,yours21.單選題
Ournewfirm()foracredible,aggressiveindividualwithgreatskillstofillthisposition.
問題1選項
A.havelooked
B.arelooking
C.islooking
D.look
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我們的新公司正在尋找一個可靠的、有進(jìn)取心的、有很強(qiáng)技能的人來填補(bǔ)這個職位。填空處應(yīng)填入單數(shù)謂語動詞,選項C符合語境。
22.單選題
Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing()ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.
問題1選項
A.glances
B.glimpses
C.glares
D.gleams
【答案】B
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。glance掃視,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的快速性;glimpse一瞥,粗略地一看,強(qiáng)調(diào)快速但不完整的“一瞥”;glare怒視,強(qiáng)調(diào)目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地“注視”;gleam閃光,瞬息的一現(xiàn),還可指情感流露。根據(jù)句意可知,選項B更符合語境。
23.單選題
Duringhertwo-weekstayinBeijing,Elizabethnever()achrome(chance)topracticeherChinese.
問題1選項
A.passedby
B.passedon
C.passedout
D.passedup
【答案】D
【解析】passby經(jīng)過,走過;passon去世,傳遞;passout昏倒,失去知覺;passup拒絕,錯過。passupachancetodosth.錯過或放棄做某事的機(jī)會。句意:在北京逗留的兩周中,Elizabeth從未錯過任何一個練習(xí)漢語的機(jī)會。選項D符合句意。
24.單選題
The(
)emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.
問題1選項
A.negligent
B.edible
C.fabulous
D.disproportionate
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。negligent疏忽的;edible可食用的;fabulous極好的;disproportionate不成比例的。句意:過分強(qiáng)調(diào)考試是學(xué)校里最糟糕的競爭形式。選項D符合句意。
25.單選題
Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas()aseriesofpolicies.
問題1選項
A.reserved
B.issued
C.delivered
D.expressed
【答案】B
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意:為確保經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展,政府出臺了一系列政策。選項B符合句意。
26.單選題
Intoday’smodernsocietyalcoholaddictionandalcohol______hasbecomeoneofthemostcomplexlife-threateningissues.
問題1選項
A.infuse
B.abuse
C.reduce
D.refuse
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知這里指酗酒,alcoholabuse為常用搭配,所以選項B正確。
27.單選題
Childrenareoften()sportsatanearlyage.Astheygetolderandstartschooltheyparticipateinsportsasawaybothtomakenewfriendsandbeactive.
問題1選項
A.exposedto
B.spoiledby
C.indulgedin
D.worriedabout
【答案】A
【解析】動詞詞組辨析。exposedto接觸,暴露于;spoiledby被寵壞;indulgedin沉溺于;worriedabout為...…擔(dān)心。句意:孩子們經(jīng)常在很小的時候就接觸到運(yùn)動。隨著他們長大開始上學(xué),參加體育運(yùn)動以此來結(jié)交新朋友變得活躍。只有A選項符合語境。
28.單選題
Themosturgentthingistofindadumpforthosetoxicindustrialwastes.
問題1選項
A.imminent
B.recyclable
C.smelly
D.poisonous
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。toxic指有毒的,所以選項D正確。
29.單選題
Banknotesarenotusually()intogoldnowadays.
問題1選項
A.inverted
B.revertible
C.convertible
D.diverting
【答案】C
【解析】形近詞辨析。句意:現(xiàn)在的紙幣通常不能兌換成黃金。選項C符合句意。
30.單選題
Censorship,awordthatseemstobe()quitecontroversyovercertainpeople,maynotbesuchabadidea.
問題1選項
A.arguing
B.attacking
C.causing
D.discussing
【答案】C
【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知這里指引發(fā)爭議,選項C符合句意。
31.單選題
TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.Usuallytheyaremixedtogetherandcan’tbetoldfromoneanother.Butmanyofthemstilltalkaboutwheretheirancestorscamefrom.Itissomethingtheyareproudof.
TheoriginalAmericans,ofcourseweretheIndians.Theso-calledwhitemenwhothencameweremostlyfromEngland.ButmanycamefromothercountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.
OneproblemtheUnitedStateshasalwayshadisdiscrimination.AsnewgroupscametotheUnitedStatestheyfoundtheywerediscriminatedagainst.FirstitwastheIrishandItalians.Lateritwastheblacks.Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.Theonlyimmigrantswhohavenotaretheblacks.SurprisinglyenoughtheworstdiscriminationtodayisshowntowardstheIndians.
OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.Ofcoursetheyarenottheonlyoneswhohavedoneso.TheJapanesehavetheirLittleTokyoinLosAngelesandtheChineseaChinatowninNewYork.TheDutchsettlementinPennsylvaniaalsostaysseparatefromotherpeople.Theirtownsarelikesomethingfromthe19thcentury.Theyhaveadifferentreasonfromtheothergroupsforstayingseparately.Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasonsratherthankeeptogetherinaracialgroup.
Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselvesseparateandothershavebeendiscriminatedagainst,allgroupshavehelpedmaketheUnitedStatesagreatcounty.Thereisnogroupthathasnothelpedinsomeway.Andthereisnogroupthatcansaytheyhavedonethemosttomakeitagreatcountry.
ManypeoplestillcomefromothercountriestohelptheUnitedStatesgrow.AgoodexampleistheAmericanprojectthatletamanwalkonthemoon.ItwasascientistfromGermanywhowasmostresponsiblefordoingthat.ItiscertainthatinthefuturetheUnitedStateswillstillneedthehelpofpeoplefromallracialgroupstoremainagreatcountry.
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainideaofthispassage?
2.Inthefirstparagraphtheword“told”means().
3.Thispassageimpliesthatdiscriminationisaproblemwhich().
4.ThemainreasonwhytheIndiansaremostdiscriminatedagainstisthat().
5.TheDutchliveseparatelyinPennsylvania().
問題1選項
A.TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.
B.DiscriminationisthemostseriousproblemintheUnitedStates.
C.AllracesintheUnitedStateshavehelpedmakethecountryagreatone.
D.TheprosperityoftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothehardworkofthemostdiscriminatedraces.
問題2選項
A.separated
B.distinguished
C.revealed
D.madeknown
問題3選項
A.manyracesintheUnitedStateshaveexperienced
B.willstillbeveryseriousintheUnitedStatesinthefuture
C.hasalreadybeensolvedintheUnitedStates
D.isstronglyopposedbymanydifferentracesintheUnitedStates
問題4選項
A.theyhavetriedhardtokeeptheirreligions
B.theyhavetriedhardtolivetogethertokeeptheirIndiancustoms
C.theyaretheonlyoneswhohavetriedtokeeptheiridentify
D.theydiscriminatemanyotherraces
問題5選項
A.toescapediscrimination
B.tokeeptogetherinaracialgroup
C.toenjoythemselvesintheirowntowns
D.forreligiousreasons
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨題。原文第一段第一句指出美國是一個由許多不同種族組成的國家,由此引出種族歧視,但本文的主旨句在第五段第一句,所有的種族都幫助美國成為一個偉大的國家。選項C符合原文。
2.語義題。根據(jù)原文句意,通常它們是混合在一起的,無法區(qū)分。由此可推測,told指無法區(qū)分的,選項B符合句意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段第五句“Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.”幾乎每一個群體最終都能擺脫這種歧視。說明每個種族都曾經(jīng)歷過歧視,所以選項A正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.”印第安人受到歧視的一個原因是他們一直努力保持自己的身份。選項B符合原文。本題容易錯選A,第四段最后一句
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