《專業(yè)英語》教學大綱（本科）

專業(yè)英語一、課程簡介生物信息學是融合生命科學與數(shù)理科學的新興學科，是一門研究生物和生物相關(guān)系統(tǒng)中信息內(nèi)容與信息流向的綜合系統(tǒng)科學。生物信息學專業(yè)英語課程，作為一門交叉新興學科的學習基礎(chǔ)課程，其主要教學目的有三：一是使學生掌握一定量的專業(yè)詞匯，能夠閱讀生物信息學專業(yè)英文教材和專業(yè)文獻；二是能較準確和熟練的運用英文撰寫本專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文的英文摘要；三是為后續(xù)專'也課程的雙語教學打下專業(yè)詞匯的基礎(chǔ)。通過本課程的學習，使學生掌握專業(yè)英語的特點及翻譯技巧，專業(yè)論文的閱讀及寫作方法，擴大科技詞匯量，以便能準確、迅速的了解國外科技開展動態(tài)，加強對外交流能力。二、理論教學內(nèi)容.聽力訓練內(nèi)容：摘選自NationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)Podcast中有關(guān)生物學、醫(yī)學、生物信息學的短篇科技新聞報道，共40篇。ALowCalorieDietMayAffectAgingExerciseMayReduceBreastCancerRiskMakingMultipleLifestyleChangesBeneficialinLoweringHighBloodPressureOsteoporosisDrugShowntoProtectOlderWomenfromBreastCancerNHLBIAddsNewResourcesonHeartHealthByContinuingMedication,OlderAdultsReduceChancesofFurtherDepressiveEpisodesNewTreatmentStrategiesHelpDepressedPatientsBecomeSymptomFreeNEIShowsMostHaveGoodVision,but14MillionAmericansareVisuallyImpairedHighDosesofExperimentalBirdFluVaccineInduceImmuneResponsesinAdultsBlack,WhiteTeensShowDifferencesinNicotineMetabolismTheFutureofMedicalImaging：TransformingHealthCareStudyLinksDietwithAlcoholDrinkingPatternsSpouse'sHospitalizationIncreasesPartner'sRiskofDeath,StudyShowsStudyIndicatesDietarySupplementProvidesPainRelieftoSomeElderlyHaveHigherRiskofCardiovascular,RespiratoryDiseasefromFineParticlePollutionNCISeekstoIdentifyPotentialGeneticFactorsforBreastandProstateCancerNIAArtsProgramAimsatDebunkingMythsofAgingNIAReportShowsChangesinAgingTrendsHavingaSiblingwithHeartDiseaseRaisesPersonalRiskAirPollution,HighFatDiet,LeadstoAtherosclerosisinMiceMostBehaviorsLeadingtoMajorCausesofPreventableDeathHaveBegunbyYoungAdulthoodInitialResultsHelpCliniciansIdentifyPatientswithTreatment-ResistantDepressionComponentinSoyProductsCausesReproductiveProblemsinLabMiceNobelistDiscoversAntidepressantProteininMouseBrainNHLBINIDDKIssueStatementonNIHResearchIntoObesityandType2DiabetesNIHFundsLargestLong-TermStudyofHealthandDiseaseinHispanicPopulationsBehaviorsMayIndicateRiskofAdolescentDepressionItsNeverTooEarlytoPreventDiabetesEarlyTeenDrinkersatHigherRiskforAlcoholism107OneThirdofDiabetesSufferersUnawareofHavingtheDiseaseResearchersGainInsightIntoWhyBrainAreasFailtoWorkTogetherinAutismStudyShowsChildenofSmokingMothersExhibitEarlyBehaviorProblemsChemicalinAirFresheners,OtherHouseholdProducts,MayReduceLungFunctionScientistsIdentifyGeneThatStronglyAffectsRiskforMostCommonFormofMelanoma25thAnniversaryofFirstReportedCasesofAIDSLowIncomeOlderAmericansHaveMorePhysicalLimitationsThanWealthierPeersNIHReleasesThreeNewCurriculumSupplements掌握內(nèi)容：掌握專業(yè)詞匯；具備能夠從報道中理解具體或整體信息的能力。了解內(nèi)容：了解科研匯報講座的基本表達方式。2.閱讀理解及翻譯內(nèi)容：第一階段：使用摘自美國科學網(wǎng)（：//scientificamerican/）的短片科學研究報道或新聞（共30篇）進行初級閱讀理解與翻譯訓練。'You'vegottofindwhatyoulove,'JobssaysThechimpanzeegenomeisunveiledGenesdecideifcoffeehurtsorhelpsyourheartGenesPredictBodyShapeandFatnessGeneticsmayputsomeathigherriskforbirdflu,expertsaysHugeprotein-interactiondatabasecouldsavelivesGenemutationboostscancerriskinmenStudy：OptimistsLiveLongerStayUpLateandSeeSomethingOddUStestsmaymissbreastcancergenes*LonelinessKills,StudyShowsDarwin'sNaturalSelectionStillatWorkinHumansNegativeselectionNewBreastCancerGeneFoundWholetthedogsout?ageneticclassificationofdogbreedsTheGeneThatMadeUsHumanStudy：LaughterReallyIsContagiousDon'tLaugh：JustThinkAboutItNoJoke：AnimalsLaugh,TooNotFunny,ButLOLAnywayBrainTumorsMaybeInfectiousGlobalWarmingAffectsSpaceStationOrbitAfterLungCancerSurgery,NearlyHalfofPatientsResumeSmokingNewDataShowGlobalWarmingKillsMarineLifeCatsGetAlzhcimcfsHowtoHandleHolidayStressReport：CO2EmissionsDoubleSince1990sVideoGameViolenceGoesStraighttoKids*HeadsStudyDisputesCellPhone-CancerLink第二階段：中等難度的生物信息學題材文章，主要為教材《Bioinformatics》（影印本）。108SectionA-OverviewofbioinformaticsAlThescoeofbioinformaticsA2BioinformaticsandtheInternetA3UsefulbioinformaticssitesontheWWWSectionB-DataacquisitionB1SequencingDNA，RNAandproteinsB2DeterminationofproteinstructureB3GeneandproteinexpressiondataB4ProteininteractiondataSectionC-Databases-contents，structureandannotationC1FileformatsC2AnnotatedsequencedatabasesC3Genomeandorganism-specificdatabasesC4MiscellaneousdatabasesSectionD-RetrievalofbiologicaldataDIDataretrievalwithEntrezandDBGET/LinkDBD2DataretrievalwithSRS(sequenceretrievalsystem)SectionE-SearchingsequencedatabasesbysequenceElSequencesimilaritysearchesE2AminoacidsubstitutionmatricesE3Databasessearches：FASTAandBLASTE4SequencefiltersE5IterativedatabasesearchesandPSI-BLASTSectionF-MultiplesequencealignmentandfamilyrelationshipsFlMultiplesequencealignmentandfamilyrelationshipsF2ProteinfamiliesandpatterndatabasesF3ProteindomainfamiliesSectionG-PhylogeneticsG1Phylogenetics,cladisticsandontologyG2BuildingphylogenetictreesG3EvolutionofmacromolecularsequencesSectionH-SequenceannotationHlPrinciplesofgenomeannotationH2AnnotationtoolsandresourcesSectionI-StructuralbioinformaticsIlConceptualmodelsofproteinstructureTherelationshipofproteinthree-dimensionalstructuretoproteinfunctionTheevolutionofproteinstructureandfunctionObtaining,viewingandanalyzingstructuraldataStructuralalignmentClassificationofproteinsofknownthree-dimensionalstructure：CATHandSCOPIntroductiontoproteinstructurepredictionStructurepredictionbycomparativemodeling19Secondarystructureprediction109IIOAdnancedproteinstructurepredictionandpredictionstrategiesSectionJ-MicroarraydataanalysisJIMicroarraydata：analysismethodsJ2Microarraydata：toolsandresourcesJ3SequencesamplingandSAGE掌握內(nèi)容：掌握約300-500專業(yè)詞匯；基本準確進行專業(yè)知識的英漢互譯。了解內(nèi)容：能夠閱讀初級難度的生物信息學專業(yè)英文資料和專業(yè)文獻。3.專題科技文獻閱讀訓練內(nèi)容：進行三個專題的科技文獻閱讀專題一：HumanGenomeCollectionItisnowmorethan15yearssinceworkbegansequencingthe2.85billionnucleotidesofthehumangenome.WhilethedraftsequencewaspublishedinNaturein2001,researchersattheHumanGenomeProjectcontinuedtofillthegapsandsubjectindividualchromosomestoevermoredetailedanalyses.Thedraftsequences：ComparingspeciesInitialsequencingandanalysisofthehumangenomeMiningthedrafthumangenome專題二：表達譜秩序分析專題ClassifyingGeneExpressionProfilesfromPairwisemRNAComparisonsSimpledecisionrulesforclassifyinghumancancersfromgeneexpressionprofilesLarge-scaleintegrationofcancermicroarraydataidentifiesarobustcommoncancersignatureAccurateMolecularClassificationofKidneyCancerSubtypesUsingMicroRNASignatureRankproducts：asimple，yetpowerful,newmethodtodetectdifferentiallyregulatedgenesinreplicatedmicroarrayexperiments專題三：不同類型英文文獻的閱讀技巧軟件類：LiC,LiX,MiaoY,WangQ,JiangW,etal.(2009)SubpathwayMiner：asoftwarepackageforflexibleidentificationofpathways.NucleicAcidsRes37：el31.綜述類：OtiM，BrunnerHG(2007)Themodularnatureofgeneticdiseases.ClinGenet71：1-11.分析類：YildirimMA,GohKLCusickME,BarabasiAL,VidalM(2007)Drug-targetnetwork.NatBiotechnol25：1119-1126.掌握內(nèi)容：掌握各專題內(nèi)的專業(yè)英語詞匯；了解科技文獻的結(jié)構(gòu)特點；具備能夠獨立的理解一篇完整的科技文獻的能力。了解內(nèi)容：通過學習能夠閱讀專業(yè)科研論文，把握科研論文的背景和創(chuàng)新點，能夠初步了解本專業(yè)的科研新動態(tài)，在學習英語的同時，也能夠體會生物信息科研思想。4,應(yīng)用寫作及口語專題訓練(應(yīng)用能力訓練)內(nèi)容：進行三個專題課程：Presentation(Howtocreatea